The origins of politics are complex and deeply rooted in human history.

The development of
political systems can be traced back to ancient civilizations where communities needed to
organize themselves to make collective decisions and maintain order.

KEY MILESTONES IN THE EVOLUTION OF POLITICS:

Early Human Societies:

In small, nomadic groups, decisions were likely made through informal discussions and
consensus. As populations grew and settled into more complex societies, the need for
organized decision-making increased.

(Kumbaga wala pang formal na form ng established government pero nagagamit na yung
political ways nung time na yun suh as collective decision making)

Ancient Civilizations:
The city-states of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley, among others, developed
early forms of governance and social organization. These societies established rulers, laws, and
administrative structures to manage their communities.

(Around this time, nagstart na yung pag appoint ng mga political leaders or political figures
within the societies)

Greek City-States:
Ancient Greece is often credited with laying the foundations of Western political thought.
City-states like Athens introduced concepts such as democracy (albeit a limited form) and
political philosophy. Thinkers like Plato and Aristotle explored the nature of governance, justice,
and the ideal state.

Roman Republic:
Rome developed a system of representative government with elected officials. The Roman
Republic influenced later systems of governance, including the structure of the United States
government.

(Dito nag starter yung formal o established system of governance though election of officials.)

Medieval Feudalism:
In medieval Europe, feudalism emerged as a dominant social and political system. Lords,
vassals, and monarchs played key roles in a hierarchical structure.

(Nung time na to, nadevelop or naintroduue yung feudalism/ pyudalismo which involves a
system na may naka appoint na kings and queens where mas focused yung society sa basis ng
ranks)
Renaissance and Enlightenment:
The Renaissance and Enlightenment eras in Europe saw a resurgence of interest in individual
rights, reason, and the role of government. Thinkers like John Locke, Montesquieu, and
Rousseau contributed to the development of political philosophy.

(Mas nadevelop around this time yung individual and human rights. Mga philosophers around
this time introduced yung mga ideas and concepts such as liberty, equality, tyranny etc.)

Formation of Modern Nation-States:

The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 marked the beginning of the modern nation-state system,
where sovereign states became the primary actors in international relations.

American and French Revolutions:

The late 18th century witnessed revolutions in the United States and France that championed
principles such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. These events had a profound impact on
political thought and the establishment of democratic governance.

Industrial Revolution:
Economic and technological changes during the Industrial Revolution had significant political
implications, contributing to the rise of labor movements, political ideologies like socialism, and
debates about workers' rights.

(Malaking part din ng time na to yung naka influence sa women’s suffrage na nagstart around
1820s na nagfifight for the equality for women in terms of their rights, recognition, and
experience, kasama din dito yung right ng mga babae na mag vote)

Globalization and Modern Political Systems:

In the 20th and 21st centuries, the world has seen the rise of various political systems, including
democracies, authoritarian regimes, and hybrid models. Globalization and advances in
communication have further interconnected political entities worldwide.