INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE
The design of an interior is always
influenced by the experience of the place
that it is to inhabit. Practice if designing
interiors >intricate process, satisfying the
needs while balancing this with
considerations of situation and place.
DISCIPLINES THAT DEAL WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF
INTERIOR:
•Interior Design is a term that has been
traditionally been used to describe all
types of interior projects, from Decoration
to remodeling.
•In view of the fact that building reuse has
become such a highly regarded practice,
it has clearly become necessary to divide
the main subject and define more clearly
the individual specialisms: Interior
architecture and design.
•Interior Decoration concentrates on
furniture & finishes.
REUSE & REDESIGN
• Subjects that are central to the evolution
of urban environment, and issues of
conservation and sustainability have
become vital to the development of cities.
• Different methods of conservation of the
structure and their distinct differences
between each approach: preservation
maintains the building in the found state;
restoration is the process of returning the
condition of the building to its original
state; renovation is the practice of
renewing and updating a building and
remodeling; adaptation is the process of
wholeheartedly altering a building.
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE
- Is concerned only with the
remodeling of existing buildings;
that is the development of
attitudes towards existing spaces
and structures, building reuse and
organizational principles.
o Bridges the practices of interior
design and architecture, often
dealing with complex structural,
environmental and servicing
problems.
INTERIOR DESIGN
o An interdisciplinary practice
concerned with the creation of a
range of interior environments that
articulate identity and atmosphere
through the manipulation of spatial
volume, placements of specific
elements such as furniture and the
treatment of surfaces.
o Generally describes projects that
require little or no structural
changes to the existing building,
although there are some
exceptions.
o Original space is very much
retained in its original structural
state and the new interior is
inserted within it.
o Often an ephemeral quality and
typically would encompass such
projects as retail, exhibition,
domestic and office interiors.
“Interior Design had come to the forefront
of public design-consciousness through
the leadership of the retail revolution...”
Anne Massey
INTERIOR DECORATION
o It is the art of designing interior
spaces or rooms to impart a
particular character that fits well
with the existing architecture.
o concerned with issues as surface
pattern, ornament, furniture, soft
furnishings, lighting and materials
o Generally deals with only minor
structural changes to the existing
buildings
o Typical of this practice are the
design of domestic, hotel and
restaurant interiors.
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF
DESIGN
Elements of design: line, texture,
shape or form, and space
LINE
Lines that are used in designing interiors
give a feeling of movement. Because the
eye travels along a line, lines can appear
to alter the size or proportion of a room.
For example, if two identical rectangles
are divided in half, one horizontally and
one vertically, they will seem to be
different sizes.
Vertical straight lines
o Tend to give height, strength, and
dignity. The exterior columns on a
building suggest strength and
dignity. Vertical features such as
bookcases, panels, wall units, and
floor to ceiling fireplaces create a
feeling of dignity. Vertical lines
often give a formal feeling to an
interior.
Horizontal straight lines
o Give a feeling of solidness and
stability. Examples seen in
interiors include dressers, low
bookshelves, and other long, low
pieces of straight-lined furniture.
Diagonal lines
o Give a feeling of movement or
action in a room. Examples of
diagonal lines include slanting
ceilings, a staircase, and woven
cane furniture.
Curved lines
o Produce a flowing, graceful effect,
which results in a feminine feeling
in a room. Curved lines are found
in archways, drapery swags,
rounded and curved furniture, etc.
NOTE: Too much line used in a room
creates a feeling of instability and can be
overpowering. Care should be taken to
balance the use of curved and straight
lines.
TEXTURE
Texture refers to the surface quality of
objects—how they feel. For example, a
marble tabletop is smooth and cold;
tweed is rough and warm, and velvet
looks warm, soft, and napped (it has what
is known as a pile).
Textures can also produce feelings in a
room. Plush carpet and soft fabrics
provide a sense of comfort, while glass,
metal and stone give a feeling of
coolness. Rough, nubby materials give a
feeling of ruggedness and stability, while
smooth velvets and brocade suggest
luxury. By having an understanding of
texture, you can bring character to a These four elements of design, along
room. with color, form the background for
applying the principles of design.
SHAPE OR FORM
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
The contour of an object makes up its
shape. For example, a tabletop can be SPECIFICATIONS
round, rectangular, square, or oval.
o It is the written requirements for a
Shape is two-dimensional. In a room,
material, product, or service for a
walls, rugs, and pictures are all two-
proposed project, like a building,
dimensional shapes. When a third
bridge or machine.
dimension is added to a shape, it
becomes form or mass because depth is Root word – “SPECIFIC”
added. A bookcase has form because it
has height, width, and depth. Synonym (SPECIFIC) – exact, definite

Furniture creates form and its For architectural projects, the

arrangement in a room can create specifications are part of the Contract
different effects. For example, large Documents included with the bidding
heavy objects like a piano or sofa can and construction requirements and the
drawings.
give a feeling of stability. If there is too
much variety in shapes and forms in a In order to label our swatches to make it
room, the result is a feeling of confusion. specific, worded descriptions are needed
If there is no variety of shape and form, to use such as:
the result is monotonous.
o COLOR (thru pantone)
SPACE o QUANTITY (optional)
Next to color, space is the most important o SIZE
element of interior design. Space is the o TEXTURE
area in which everything is arranged. An o PATTERN
empty room is a space. Well-planned and o MANNER OF OPERATION
well-organized space makes for a more o BRAND (optional, when need
efficient home; rooms that are free of arises)
clutter create a more restful feeling. o GENERIC MATERIAL

Different spaces may also convey Example:

different feelings. Large, open spaces 30 x 30 cms. Randomized unglazed
give a feeling of freedom and sometimes matte finish baler design mariwasa brand
luxury, as in a ballroom or the entrance to
a theatre. Empty space may cause
people to feel lonely and uncomfortable,
like a room with a high ceiling and too
little furniture.
 This includes all phases of creation and
installation starting with manufacturing,
fabrication, and application, through
installation, finishing and adjustment.
Specifications should include any
necessary codes and standards
applicable to the project.
The specifications should also include
descriptions and procedures for
alternate materials, products or
services if necessary.
TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS
There are four methods of specifying.
There is no defined rule for using one
method over another or about combining
methods, but care should be taken to
avoid redundancy or contradictions. The
four methods are:
1. Descriptive – it describes in
terms of extrinsic and intrinsic
IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFICATIONS properties
IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2. Performance – how it works and
operates
1. Protects the interest of both client
3. Reference Standard – like
and the architect.
ASTM, PNS, etc.
2. Basis for material estimates (for
4. Proprietary – is it closed? Or
contractors).
open (with brand equivalent)
PURPOSE OF SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications should describe the type
and quality of every product required
for the project.
The specifications should describe the
requirements for fabrication, erection,
application, installation and finishing.
Specifications should describe the
quality of workmanship necessary for
the project.