INTERIOR

DECORATION
Submitted By : Amit Kant Manni
roll no: 4
BBA HM SEM II
The saying “good look is a good business” is no more a new thing in hospitality
industries. The efficiency and effectiveness of an hospitality industry depends on how the
interior design and it’s decoration is been packaged. This research work examines the role
of interior decoration in hospitality in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the
industry. 
 Elements and Principles of Design

Interior Decoration
 Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior to achieve a healthier and more
aesthetic environment for the user.
 An interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such projects.
 
Types of Design
​
1. Structural design
Structural design is the structure of the object made by size, form colour of an object. It should be
beautiful simple proportional and suited for its purpose.
​
2. Decorative design
Decorative design is the surface enrichment of the structural design by adding any colour or material to
luxury. It should be used in moderation and with proper emphasis.
​
Elements of Design
​
 It is designed as the visual components used in interior decoration
 These elements are:
- Line
- Form
- Texture
- Colour
1. Lines
 Lines gives birth to forms and shapes
 Lines are categorised into three types-
- Horizontal lines (resting lines) adorn structures like tables, chairs and beds
- Vertical lines (ready to act lines) can be found on windows, door, almirahs
- Dynamic or (movement lines) add drama and can be seen on structures like stairs, floors.
 
2. Form
 Forms mean shapes, an outline of any three-dimensional object in the space.
 It is created by combining two or more shapes and can be accentuated with the help of other elements like
texture, patterns and colours.
 
3. Texture
 Texture refers to the roughness or smoothness of the surface of any object.
 Textiles such as pillow cover, bed spreads or drapes, wall paint or wallpapers have a texture.
 Silk, damask satin gives a formal texture while muslin, furs, tweeds gives informal texture.
4. Colour
 Colours establish an aesthetic connection between objects and set the mood.
 Colours must be chosen based on the psychology of the guest.
 Eg; Red is an excellent choice for dining room as it encourages appetite and blue for bedroom
as it helps in destressing.
 
Principles of Design
 Ways of arranging and organising elements of design is called the “Principles of Design”
 Elements of design are used according to the principles of design.
 
1. UNITY & HARMONY
 It stresses on the fact that there should be a sense of uniformity or harmony among all the
elements used.
 All the elements used should complement one another.
 A good understanding of alignment of objects, similarity of colour/ pattern/ texture, proximity
(spacing) of objects to be kept in mind.
 
2. BALANCE
 Balance refers to equal distribution of objects in a room to create visual balance
 It is created by grouping shapes and colours around a centre that there are equal attractions on
both sides from the centre.
 
3. SIZE AND PROPORTION
 The principles of scale and proportion ensure that objects placed in a space look like
they belong to each other. Be it the size, dimension, shape or colour of the objects, a
harmony should be established between them and a proportion has to be maintained.
 Example: A high ceiling environment implies that high rise furniture should be preferred
over low-rise furniture like ottomans.
 
4. EMPHASIS
 Also known as Focal Point.
 This can be achieved by placing central piece of art, unusual texture or furniture that
grabs attention of a space.
 Elements must be used in such a way that the focal point dominates the rest of the décor
items and pulls the room together.
 
5. RHYTHM
 Rhythm refers to movement.
 It is a visual flow that makes the eye move smoothly across the room.
 It may be rhythmic or organised.
 
ACCESSORIES
 Accessories are additional furnishings needed to make room viable
or attractive.
 It includes small objects both functional and decorative.
 Eg; Richly coloured vases

HOW TO PLACE ACCESSORIES

 Use accessories in moderation
 Use according to season and theme
 Use paintings at eye level
 Use bright colours to create a focal point
 Place mirrors in case of empty space
 Keep balance in mind
 Plain surfaces – place patterned accessories
 Patterned areas – plain accessories
 Shiny textures – dull textures
 Room with straight lines – curved lines
 Calm room – bright and bold accessories
 COLOUR
DIMENSIONS OF COLOUR
 Known as characteristics or properties of colour.

 They are termed as

Hue​

Value

Intensity or Chroma

Temperature

1. HUE

 Hue is the name of the colour

 All primary and secondary colours.

 Colour can be lightened or darkened depending on use.

 Eg; light blue, dark blue; but they are all blue
2. VALUE
 Describes the lightness or darkness of colour.
 White has the highest value
 Black has the lowest value
 A shade is a hue that has been darker by adding black.
 A tint is a hue that has been lighter by adding white.

3. INTENSITY/ CHROMA
 Refers to brightness or dullness of a colour 
 Very bright colour is said to be of full intensity.
​
4. TEMPERATURE
 It is relative warmth or coolness.
 Blue, green, violet are cool colours.
 Red, orange, yellow are warm colors.
ROLE OF COLOURS IN INTERIORS
1. To increase the height of the room.
-> Paint the ceiling and walls with light cool colours to increase the height of the room

2. To decrease the height of a room

-> Paint the ceilings with darker, warmer colours than the walls​

3. To increase the size of a room.

-> Square room looks more elongated if two opposite walls are painted a dark colour and
the other two lighter colour
 
4. To reduce the size of a room.
-> Paint all the walls in warm darker shades to decrease the
room size. 
​
5. To reduce the length of a long narrow room.
-> Paint either smaller or longer walls with dark warmer
colours.
​
 LIGHTING
Lighting plays an important role in the comfort and safety of occupants of the building. Lighting
contributes to the décor of a room and should be both decorative as well as functional without
causing glare or appearing flat and dull lighting needs.
 
1. Function: Certain specialised activities will require specific amounts and possible certain kinds of
light, function must be evaluated in terms of both quality and quantity of light. E.g. reading, writing etc.
all demand proper illumination. Functional lighting will prevent eye strain and make it possible to carry
out the activities in a comfortable and efficient manner.
2. Safety: Improper lighting is a particular hazard in several areas that may escape notice. E.g. staircases
or doorways where there is a step up and step down. Another aspect of safety involves adequate wiring
and sufficient outlets for all needs. It is dangerous as well as unattractive to use long extension cords.
Electric wires should never be placed under rugs where traffic is more.
3. Beauty: We begin to appreciate light on a decorative medium when we see a room bathed in a pleasing
glow of illumination. There is also a close relationship between the type of light and appearance of
colours.
DEFINITION OF LIGHTING AND TYPES OF LIGHTING
Lighting arrangement in hotel

Foyer
The reception desk and foyer have to be highlighted because they are generally the first
places
that guests and visitors see. The individual zones need to be distinguished with different light
–
different contrast, light and shadow, and vertical lighting components as panels or lines

Conference rooms
A modern lighting control system gives enormous flexibility in
professional conference rooms so
the lighting can be adjusted for specific tasks. Various light
colors, different types of luminaries
and direct and indirect light in different combinations mean the
lighting system can cover a wide
range of situations
 CARPETS
Many homeowners choose carpet because it is warm and soft underfoot. When you select a carpet you generally buy it with the
expectations that your new carpet will look just like the sample in the store for many years. Having some general knowledge
about the different characteristics of carpet will help you choose the best carpet to meet your expectations. Carpet is a popular
floor fitting, prized for its warmth, versatility, insulation abilities and the protection it provides unfinished floors.
 
Benefits/Advantages of Carpets
​
Safety
First and foremost, a carpeted floor is a safer floor. The soft surface and cushioned under-padding not only reduce the impact of
a fall, but also the likelihood of it happening in the first place. Carpet is inherently slip- resistant, meaning it’s harder to slip
and fall.
​
Sound Reduction
If you live in a busy home with lots of traffic, you know how loud wood or laminate floors can be. Carpet stifles noise and
reduces echoes in three ways; absorbing the impact of foot traffic, soaking up room sounds and echoes and finally, by blocking
sound from carrying between floors (especially helpful in condo apartments or multi-family homes).
​
Warmth & Insulation
Carpet provides excellent warmth underfoot, making it a great choice for chilly bedrooms or stark offices. Carpet also acts as
an insulator. The combination of the carpet and its under-padding acts as an additional layer of insulation in your home and
depending on the weight and grade of your carpet – it can even add to the R-value of your home.
Ease of Care
Most carpets made today are made to be highly stain-resistant, meaning clean up is easy. With just a damp cloth or a quick
vacuuming, your floors look as good as new. Because carpets trap dust and allergens, they can also improve the air quality
in your home as long they’re properly cleaned and vacuumed on a regular basis.
​
Flexibility and Style
Carpet isn’t limited to just a few colors or grains. You can get carpet in any style, design, color or pattern that you want.
Because of its versatility, carpet fits in well in any design scheme.
​
Low Cost
Typically, carpet costs significantly less than other types of flooring like tile, marble or hardwood. Even with professional
installation, carpet tends to cost much less than other types of flooring options.
​
Warranty
Unlike many hard surface flooring, most carpeting comes with an extensive manufacturer’s warranty that covers pile,
installation and craftsmanship.

Listed below are some of the advantages of using carpet in your home:
 Carpet is much quieter than hard surfaces floors.
 Carpet comes in a wide variety of colour tones and hues.
 Carpet is easy to decorate with and offers many solid colour tones for rooms with patterned wall coverings.
 Carpet can hide many subfloor irregularities that would not be permitted with hard surfaces floors.
 Carpet can go on a variety of substrates and on all grade levels, even concrete slabs in basements.
 FLOORINGS
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or
for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a
term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor
structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used
interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid
materials.
​
Floor surfaces cover a large area of the room and are subject to
constant wear. They are expensive and replace less frequently than
other furnishings. Improperly laid floors or damaged floors can
cause accidents and damage to the equipment.  Floor surfaces must
be comfortable and quiet besides contributing to the décor of the
room.  The traffic in the area and utility of the room must also be
considered.
 Factors Determining the Floor Finish
​
Appearance: Colour, pattern and texture of the floor surfaces should be compatible with
the size, décor and activity of the room. Pale colours provide a cool appearance of warmth.
Patterned surfaces add interest to the room.
Comfort: Foot fatigue should be reduced by use of soft resilient surfaces.  Floor surfaces
should not be noisy or slippery.
Durability: Grit, dragging of furniture and placement of equipment or circulation of heavy
traffic should not damage the floor surface.  They should also not be affected by the
cleaning reagents and food spillages.
Life Expectancy: Since floor surfaces are not changed frequently, they are expected to last
for longer time.
Safety: Safety to the guests and occupants must be considered.  Fire resistance, slip
resistance and accident proof surfaces must be selected.
Ease of Cleaning: Ease of maintenance and cleaning costs must be considered while
selecting them.
Cost: The cost of the floor surface, cost of laying and maintenance should be considered
before selection.
 Types of Floors Surfaces/Finish
​
Floor surfaces are divided into two types hard and soft floors.  A subfloor is laid below the
floor surface, which may be made of softwood or hardboard.  It should be free from
dampness, dirt and unevenness.  This protects the top floor.
​
HARD FLOOR SURFACES
• Stone floor surfaces
• Concrete
• Wooden Floor Surface
• Cork Tiles
• Timber
• Vinyl
• Terrazo
Floor Coverings or soft floors
​
Floor coverings or soft floors are used for variety in colour,
texture and design.  They are warm, durable, quiet, slip resistant
and economical.  Various types of colourings may be used in
different areas depending upon the cost of maintenance, cost of
installation, attractiveness and use. 
Soft floor coverings commonly consist of two types: Carpets
and Rugs.

• Carpet
• Pile
• Wool
• Acrylic
• Polyester
• Viscose Rayon
 FURNITURE & FITTINGS
In any organization, furniture covers a wide variety of different item, which will be in constant use and yet should retain their
overall good appearance. People are seldom as careful of other people’s property as they are of their own and the handling of
furniture by large numbers of people results in harder use than if one person was using it all time.
​
Therefore furniture needs to be:
 Practical in design, size etc.,
 Comfortable to use,
 Sturdy to withstand considerable wear and tear (maintenance free),
 Easy to clean and maintain,
 Price must be within the means of the establishment.
Whatsoever the type of an establishment is, each piece of furniture must be fit for its purpose and meet the requirements of the
guests and the housekeeper.
The following points should be considered when choosing individual pieces:
 type of guest expected and standard of accommodation,
 guests’ length of stay,
 atmosphere to be achieved, e.g. modern, ‘old world’, and degree of comfort,
 shape and size of article in relation to the human body (the science of ergonomics)
 the durability of the article,
 versatility and flexible for movement etc.,
 ease of cleaning, e.g. castors on heavier items, shelves instead of drawers,
 drawers with wipe-easy surfaces rather than lined, use of shelf-shine protective coatings,
 standardization – items may be moved from room to room as required.
The method of construction and materials used will affect price, appearance and
durability and the finished article should:
 be free from rough, unfinished edges or surfaces,
 be free from surplus adhesive,
 have the correct type of joints which fit well,
 stand firm on the floor and be rigid in use,
 if a cupboard or wardrobe, be stable and balanced whether empty or full,
 have drawers which run smoothly,
 have doors which fit properly and have stays to prevent them opening too far,
 have sliding which runs smoothly,
 have efficient locks, catches, hinges etc,
 have handles conveniently placed, comfortable to hold and free from sharp
edges,
 have castors with no sharp edges.
 
 i.e. woven fabrics, hide or plastics. The covering required to be:
 Resistant to abrasion, snagging, creasing, soil and fading,
 Non-flammable,
 Non-shading,
 Pest proof,
 Easily cleaned
 Elasticity & resiliency
 Types of Classification of Furniture
​
 Wooden furniture
 Wicker and cane furniture
 Metal furniture
 Plastic
 
Upholstery Material
The upholstery coverings will to great extent determine the appearance, durability and cost of the piece of
furniture and may be made from textiles, i.e. woven fabrics, hide or plastics. The covering required to be:
 Resistant to abrasion, snagging, creasing, soil and fading,
 Non-flammable,
 Non-shading,
 Pest proof,
 Easily cleaned
 Elasticity & resiliency
 EXAMPLES :
The Park in Bangalore, India

Designed by Conran and Partners, this luxury hotel is a

3-minute walk from Trinity Metro station, 3.1 km from
UB City and 4.5 km from Cubbon Park.
 The Park in New Delhi, India

When Priya Paul, in collaboration with design legend Sir Terence Conran,
decided to transform a traditional property in New Delhi into the Park
Hotel, they worked with modern concepts of air and space and ancient
philosophies about the harmony between man and nature. These erudite
themes made for a glorious facelift.
 CONCLUSION
Interior decoration is a major aspect for any hotel of a
5 star hotels, interior decoration has a way greater
importancie because the finer details that these
interior decoration enhance make these establishment
Stand out and distinguish them to display their
standards and justify the prices.