Ebook Development Across The Life Span 7Th Edition Feldman Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Development Across The Life Span 7th
Edition Feldman Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/development-across-the-life-span-7th-edition-feldman-test-bank/
Chapter 8
Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years
8-1. According to Erikson, what is the term for development that encompasses changes both in
the understanding individuals have of themselves as members of society and in their
comprehension of the meaning of others’ behavior(s)?
a) initiative-versus-guilt
b) self-concept
c) psychosocial development
d) individualistic orientation
Answer: c Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-2. Who was the psychoanalyst who suggested that during the preschool years, children face
conflict relating to initiative?
a) Freud
b) Erikson
c) Vygotsky
d) Skinner
Answer: b Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.4
8-3. The preschool years largely encompass what Erikson called the ____________ stage.
a) self-concept
b) autonomy-versus-shame
c) individualistic orientation
d) initiative-versus-guilt
Answer: d Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-4. According to Erikson, children 3 to 6 years of age experience conflict between

independence of action and the results of that action during the
a) initiative-versus-guilt stage.
b) autonomy-versus-shame stage.
c) individualistic orientation.
d) collectivistic orientation.
Answer: a Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
8-5. When 4-year-old Allison is allowed to decide what to wear from several choices her mother
presents to her, she is likely to develop
a) initiative.
b) autonomy.
c) self-concept.
d) individualistic orientation.
Answer: a Page: 241 Level: Difficult LO: 8-1 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-6. Five-year-old Randy is in preschool, and his teacher is trying to show him how to use a pair
of children’s scissors to cut paper. Randy tries to show his independence and ability to use the
scissors without assistance and says to his teacher, “Let me.” Erikson may say that Randy is
demonstrating what stage of development?
a) individualistic orientation
b) psychosocial development
c) initiative-versus-guilt
d) self-concept
Answer: c Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-7. Five-year-old Wendel is new to his kindergarten classroom. His teacher tries to use open
and friendly questions to build rapport with him. His teacher asks him what he is good at and
what he likes. Wendel responds “I can run fast” and “I like to eat pizza.” Wendel’s responses are
examples of his
a) individualistic orientation.
b) autonomy.
c) self-concept.
d) psychosocial development.
8-8. What is the term for a person’s identity, or set of beliefs about what one is like as an
individual?
a) individualistic orientation
b) self-concept
c) psychosocial development
d) ego
8-9. Preschool-age children’s view of themselves also reflects the way their culture views self.
For example, many Asian societies tend to have
2
a) an individualistic orientation.
b) self-concept orientation.
c) a collectivistic orientation.
d) nationalistic orientation.
Answer: c Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-10. What is the term for the philosophy that promotes interdependence?
a) nationalism
b) collectivistic orientation
c) individualistic orientation
d) socialism
8-11. Western cultures, unlike many Asian cultures, foster a view of self that is reflected in a(n)
a) self-concept.
b) collectivistic orientation.
c) initiative-versus-guilt stage.
d) individualistic orientation.
Answer: d Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-12. The philosophy of ______________ emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of
the individual.
a) psychosocial development
b) eastern culture
c) collectivistic orientation
8-13. Robbie is a 4-year-old boy in the U.S. who is encouraged to stand out from the rest and
make his needs known. Sean is a 4-year-old boy in Japan who is encouraged to blend in and
refrain from making himself distinct. Robbie is growing up with a(n) _________, and Sean is
growing up with _______.
a) self-concept; no self-concept
b) self-concept; a collectivistic orientation
c) individualistic orientation; a collectivistic orientation
d) individualistic orientation; no self-concept
3
Answer: c Pages: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-14. What is the term for the phenomenon in which minority children indicate preferences for
majority values or people?
a) race dissonance
b) ethnic preference
c) race identity
d) cultural identity
Answer: a Page: 242 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-15. Four-year-old Sheila, an African American, is asked to choose between pictures of white
children and black children. According to research regarding racial dissonance, Shelia is most
likely to have negative feelings toward
a) pictures of white children.

b) pictures of black children.
c) pictures of black and white children together.
d) neither of the pictures.
Answer: b Page: 242 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-16. Gender, the sense of being male or female, is well established by the time children are
a) adolescent age.
b) around 8 years old.
c) infants.
d) preschool age.
Answer: d Page: 243 Level: Easy LO: 8-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-17. On the preschool playground, which of the following couples is most likely to be playing
together before the others?
a) a Hispanic American girl and a Caucasian American boy

b) an African American boy and a Hispanic American girl
c) a Caucasian American boy and a Hispanic American boy
d) an African American girl and a Caucasian American girl
Answer: d Page: 243 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-18. What is a sex-related biological characteristic that affects gender-based behaviors?
a) height and weight

b) hormones
4
c) brain size/development
d) prenatal development
8-19. Research indicates that when girls are exposed to unusually high levels of ________
prenatally, they are more likely to display stereotypical male behaviors.
a) testosterone
b) estrogen
c) androgens
d) toxins
8-20. The ____________ approach believes children learn gender-related behaviors and
expectations by observing others and how they are rewarded for acting in gender-appropriate
ways.
a) Freudian
b) social learning
c) Erikson’s conflict resolution
Answer: b Page: 245 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.4
8-21. What is the term for the perception of oneself as male or female?
a) sexual identity
b) individualistic orientation
c) gender schema
d) gender identity
8-22. In order to develop a(n) ___________, a child must develop a(n) ________.
a) gender schema; gender identity

b) gender identity; gender schema
c) self-concept; gender identity
d) individualistic orientation; gender schema
Answer: b Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-23. When a preschool-age child is developing a gender schema, he/she is
5
a) developing his/her own sexual identity based on inborn expectations.
b) increasing his/her own cognitive abilities to develop “rules” about what is right and
wrong for males and females.
c) developing his/her own ideas about how males and females are biologically different.
d) developing his/her behaviors solely around what he/she sees from parents’
behavior(s).
Answer: b Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-24. Five-year-old Amy is getting dressed to go to preschool, and her mother has bought her
brand new jeans to wear. However, Amy refuses and insists that girls wear only dresses. This
may be an example of
a) gender constancy.
b) autonomy.
c) gender schema.
d) gender identity.
Answer: c Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-25. _______________ is the belief that people are permanently males or females depending on
fixed, unchangeable biological factors.
a) Gender schema
b) Gender constancy
c) Gender identity
d) Sexual identity
Answer: b Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-26. At approximately what age do boys and girls tend to understand the concept of gender
constancy?
a) 4 or 5 years of age
b) 3 years of age
c) 8 years of age
d) 2 years of age
Answer: a Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-27. The concept that preschool-age children believe that differences in sex are based, not on
biological factors, but on the differences in boys’ and girls’ appearance and/or behavior(s) is
expressed by what researcher and theory?
a) Skinner; social learning theory

b) Freud; psychoanalytic theory
6
c) Erikson; conflict-resolution theory
d) Kohlberg; cognitive-developmental theory
Answer: d Page: 246 Level: Difficult LO: 8-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.4
8-28. What is the term for a state in which gender roles encompass characteristics thought typical
of both sexes?
a) gender identity
b) androgynous
c) gender schema
d) gender constancy
8-29. Marion and her husband Bill are trying to bring up their children, a boy and a girl ages 4
and 5 respectively, in exactly the same way: encouraging their son to demonstrate both
assertiveness as well as tenderness, and encouraging their daughter to exhibit both independence
and empathy. According to the researcher Sandra Bem, these parents are encouraging their
children toward
a) gender constancy.
b) gender schema.
c) androgynous characteristics.
d) gender identification.
8-30. Preschoolers’ peer relationships are based on
a) care, protection, and direction.

b) intellectual stimulation and cognitive growth.
c) building skills through competition.
d) the desire for companionship, play, and fun.
Answer: d Page: 248 Level: Medium LO: 8-3 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-31. Raul and Raymond are 3-years-old, and the main benefit they get out of being friends is
a) the enjoyment of carrying out shared activities.

b) trust, support, and shared interests.
c) the give-and-take of competing with each other in games.
d) the intellectual stimulation of conversation and learning activities.
Answer: a Page: 248 Level: Medium LO: 8-3 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
7
8-32. What is the term for play that involves simple, repetitive activities typical of 3-year-olds?
a) constructive
b) simple
c) functional
d) associative
8-33. Which of the following is the best example of functional play?
a) skipping or jumping
b) checkers
c) adding items like cookies to see how many there are
d) playing with Legos to build objects
Answer: a Page: 248 Level: Difficult LO: 8-3 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
8-34. Functional play is typical of
a) 2-year-olds.
b) 5-year-olds.
c) 3-year-olds.
d) infants.
Answer: c Page: 248 Level: Difficult LO: 8-3 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-35. What is the term for play in which children manipulate objects to produce or build
something?
a) functional
b) parallel
c) cooperative
d) constructive
8-36. When 4-year-old Anna uses Legos to build a playhouse, or puts a puzzle together, this is an
example of
a) functional play.
b) parallel play.
c) constructive play.
d) associative play.
8
8-37. Constructive play is typical of
a) 6-year-olds.
b) 4-year-olds.
c) infants.
d) 3-year-olds.
8-38. What type of play involves action in which children play with similar toys, in a similar
manner, but do not interact with each other?
a) associative
b) functional
c) onlooker
d) parallel
Answer: d Pages: 249 Level: Medium LO: 8-3 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-39. Melissa is sitting at her preschool table playing with a toy car, while Alex is sitting next to
her playing with a toy car and making quiet engine sounds. These two children never interact
together. What type of play are these two children engaged in?
a) parallel
b) onlooker
c) functional
d) associative
Answer: a Pages: 249 Level: Medium LO: 8-3 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-40. What is the term for action in which children simply watch others at play, but do not
actually participate themselves?
a) associative
b) parallel
c) onlooker
d) functional
Answer: c Page: 249 Level: Medium LO: 8-3 Type: Factual APA Outcome:
8-41. Several 4-year-old boys are sitting at a table playing with cars in a makeshift race, and one
boy stands by the table watching them. Occasionally, the boy who is standing calls out for the
green car to go faster. This is an example of
a) functional play.
9
b) parallel play.
c) onlooker play.
d) associative play.
8-42. What is the term for play in which two or more children actually interact with one another
by sharing or borrowing toys or materials, although they do not do the same thing?
a) functional
b) associative
c) parallel
d) onlooker
8-43. In preschool one day, 5 children decided to help each other build a fort with the items that
were available to them. Each child took it upon him/herself to find objects in the classroom that
could be put together to build a fort. This is an example of
a) associative play.
b) parallel play.
c) functional play.
d) onlooker play.
8-44. What is the term for play in which children genuinely interact with one another, taking
turns, playing games, or devising contests?
a) associative
b) functional
c) cooperative
d) parallel
8-45. Three children in the preschool class are working to complete puzzles, and they all take
turns fitting in the pieces. This is an example of
a) cooperative play.
b) associative play.
c) parallel play.
d) functional play.
10
8-46. When do associative and cooperative play tend to become most common in children?
a) in infancy
b) when children are 1- to 2-years-old
c) when children are 2- to 3-years-old
d) at the end of the preschool years
Answer: d Page: 249 Level: Easy LO: 8-3 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-47. The difference between a 3-year-old’s development of “pretend” compared to his/her

development of “belief” can be illustrated by
a) show and tell.

b) hide and seek.
c) false belief task.
d) truth or dare.
Answer: c Page: 251 Level: Difficult LO: 8-3 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-48. Children with autism find it particularly difficult to relate to others, in part, because they
find it difficult to
a) listen to others.
b) pay attention.
c) understand what others are thinking.
d) use visualization.
Answer: c Page: 251 Level: Difficult LO: 8-3 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-49. What is the term for parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, cold, and whose word is
law?
a) authoritative
b) involved
c) authoritarian
d) permissive
8-50. Meredith’s 5-year-old friends at the playground run around from the rides to the slides, but
Meredith’s mother told her she had to stay on the swings and not move to another place in the
playground. When Meredith complained that the other children were allowed to play where they
wanted, Meredith’s mother told her to stay on the swings “because I said so.” This is an example
of
11
a) involved parenting.
b) authoritarian parenting.
c) permissive parenting.
d) authoritative parenting.
8-51. What is the term for parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of
their children?
a) authoritarian
b) authoritative
c) involved
d) permissive
8-52. Billy is a 5-year-old child who does not have a regular bedtime, is permitted to neglect
personal hygiene such as brushing his teeth, and doesn’t usually participate in any simple chores,
such as picking up his toys in his room. It would appear that Billy parents’ style of parenting is
a) permissive.
b) authoritarian.
c) involved.
d) authoritative.
8-53. What is the term for parents who are firm, set clear and consistent limits, and try to reason
with their children, giving explanations for why they should behave in a particular way?
a) authoritarian
b) permissive
c) involved
d) authoritative
Answer: d Page: 252-253 Level: Medium LO: 8-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-54. Five-year-old Benjamin and his younger sister were playing together in the living room,
and his sister grabbed at the toy that Benjamin was playing with. He lashed out at his sister and
punched her in the arm and took back the toy, making her cry. Benjamin’s mother immediately
took Benjamin aside and, rather than punishing him, tried to explain how his choice of behavior
made his sister cry, and that he needs to learn to share his toys. This is an example of what type
of parenting style?
a) authoritative
12
b) permissive
c) authoritarian
d) uninvolved
Answer: a Page: 252-253 Level: Medium LO: 8-4 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-55. What type of parents show almost no interest in their children and demonstrate indifferent,
rejecting behavior(s)?
a) permissive
b) authoritative
c) authoritarian
d) uninvolved
8-56. Isabelle lives in a household where her parents are gone most of the time. Even when they
are home, Isabelle goes to school with dirty clothes and no breakfast. What type of parents is
Isabelle likely to have?
a) uninvolved
b) permissive
c) authoritarian
d) authoritative
8-57. In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.
a) permissive
b) authoritative
c) uninvolved
d) authoritarian
Answer: c Page: 253 Level: Medium LO: 8-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-58. The _________________ parenting style includes parental warmth, proactive teaching,
calm discussion during disciplinary episodes, and interest and involvement in their children and
peers’ activities.
a) authoritarian
b) authoritative or supportive
c) involved
d) permissive
13
8-59. Maurice is a child of authoritarian parents. He is likely to grow up exhibiting all of the
following characteristics EXCEPT
a) self-assertiveness.
b) withdrawn behavior and low sociability skills.
c) motivation to achieve.
d) likeable and successful.
8-60. Lucas is the child of permissive parents. He is likely to grow up exhibiting all of the
following characteristics EXCEPT
a) dependent.
b) moodiness.
c) low social skills and self-control.
d) assertive and cooperative behavior(s).
8-61. Randy and Mandy are the children of authoritarian parents. They are likely to grow up
exhibiting all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
a) little sociability.
b) uneasy around peers.
c) friendly and cooperative behavior.
d) dependency upon their parents.
8-62. Which of the following is the most frequent form of child abuse?
a) sexual
b) psychological maltreatment
c) physical
d) neglect
8-63. Approximately how many children are killed by their parents or caretakers every day?
a) 10
b) 5
c) 15
d) 25
14
8-64. Approximately how many children are physically injured every year?
a) 140,000
b) 150,000
c) 100,000
d) 50,000
Answer: a Page: 255 Level: Difficult LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-65. Steven is an abused 4-year-old child. Which of the following is NOT a likely contributor to
his situation?
a) Steven is a child who is fussy, resistant to control, and is not readily adaptable to new
situations.
b) Steven’s parents have a history of violence and marital conflict.
c) Steven’s biological father is his abuser.
d) Steven resides with a single-parent family who lives in poverty.
Answer: c Page: 255 Level: Moderate LO: 8-5 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-66. When considering the signs of child abuse, which of the following is LEAST likely to be
an indication that a child has been abused?
a) inappropriate attire (long sleeves and pants in hot summer weather) to cover marks or
bruises
b) over-affectionate behavior from the child; he/she wants to be held and nurtured all
the time
c) extreme behavior including highly aggressive or highly withdrawn or passive
behavior
d) feelings of pain for no apparent reason
8-67. While “spanking” may produce immediate compliance of children, the long-term side
effects may include all of the following EXCEPT
a) poorer mental health for both child and parent.

b) higher levels of delinquency and anti-social behavior.
c) that children are taught that violence is an acceptable solution to problems.
d) the child will develop a greater sense of independence and autonomy, and will adhere
to social and cultural norms.
15
8-68. What is the term for the theory that the abuse and neglect that children suffer predispose
them as adults to abuse and neglect their own children?
a) psychological maltreatment
b) victim-aggression theory
c) cycle of violence hypothesis
d) parent-child cycle
Answer: c Page: 256 Level: Difficult LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-69. What percentage of children who are raised in abusive households grow up to be abusive
parents themselves?
a) 50%
b) 33%
c) 25%
d) 40%
8-70. What is the term for abuse that occurs when parents or other caregivers harm children’s
behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning?
a) cycle of violence hypothesis

b) parent-child cycle
c) victim-aggression theory
d) psychological maltreatment
8-71. Five-year-old Amanda is walking through the grocery store with her mother, and Amanda
accidentally knocks over a display. Her mother is furious with her, calls Amanda names, and
tells Amanda she is clumsy and stupid for causing a mess. This is an example of
a) cycle of violence hypothesis.

b) child abuse.
c) psychological maltreatment.
d) authoritarian parenting style.
8-72. What two parts of the limbic system in the brain can be permanently altered as a result of
childhood abuse?
a) prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum
16
b) thalamus and corpus callosum
c) temporal lobe and amygdala
d) hippocampus and amygdala
Answer: d Pages: 257 Level: Difficult LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-73. The stress, fear, and terror accompanying abuse may also produce permanent changes in
the brain due to _____________ of the ________.
a) understimulation; hypothalamus
b) overstimulation; limbic system
c) overstimulation; thalamus
d) understimulation; amygdala
8-74. What is the term for the ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk
for psychological or physical change?
a) psychological maltreatment
b) cycle of violence hypothesis
c) resilience
d) character
8-75. According to psychologist Emmy Werner, young children who are considered “resilient”
have
a) affectionate, easygoing, and good-natured temperaments.

b) strong independent streaks that allow them to be able to function without nurturing
and assistance from others.
c) parents with excellent parenting skills.
d) been brought up in households that have relatively few stressors.
Answer: a Page: 258 Level: Medium LO: 8-5 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-76. According to psychologist Emmy Werner, older children who are considered “resilient”
a) are socially pleasant, outgoing, and have good communication skills.

b) have strong independent streaks that allow them to be able to function without
nurturing and assistance from others.
c) have parents with excellent parenting skills.
d) have been brought up in households that have relatively few stressors.
17
8-77. What is the term that refers to the changes in people’s sense of justice and of what is right
and wrong, and in their behavior related to moral issues?
a) law and order

b) morality
c) moral development
d) heteronomous morality
8-78. According to Piaget, what is the term for the earliest, broad stage of moral thinking in
which rules are seen as invariant and unchangeable?
a) preschool morality
b) heteronomous morality
c) resilience
d) morality
8-79. A group of 4 to 7-year-old children play a game of tag on the playground rigidly, assuming
that there is only one way to play. This is an example of
a) resilience.
b) preschool morality.
c) heteronomous morality.
d) incipient cooperation stage.
Answer: c Page: 259-260 Level: Medium LO: 8-6 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-80. A group of 7 to 10-year-old children are playing organized little league baseball. They
have learned the formal rules of the game, and they play according to their shared knowledge;
however, the rules are seen as unchangeable. Piaget would say that this is an example of
a) autonomous cooperation.
b) heteronomous morality.
c) incipient cooperation.
d) resilience.
8-81. When a child turns 10 years of age, he/she is able to, according to Piaget, be fully aware
that formal game rules can be modified if the people playing agree. This is called
a) autonomous cooperation.
18
b) heteronomous morality.
c) incipient cooperation.
d) resilience.
8-82. Prosocial behavior that is learned indirectly by observing the behavior of others is called
a) moral development.
b) modeling.
c) empathy.
d) social learning.
8-83. What is the term that describes helping behavior that benefits others?
a) immanent justice
b) moral development
c) autonomous cooperation
d) prosocial behavior
8-84. Clarice is a 5-year-old who is watching a movie and eating popcorn with her 3-year-old
brother. Clarice’s brother finishes his popcorn long before Clarice, so she offers her brother some
of her popcorn. Clarice’s mother praises her as a “good girl” for sharing. This is an example of
a) Piaget’s autonomous cooperation.

b) Piaget’s incipient cooperation.
c) prosocial behavior of the social learning theory.
d) modeling.
8-85. According to the social learning theory, modeling paves the way for the development of
more general rules and principles in a process called
a) empathy.
b) abstract modeling.
c) immanent justice.
d) autonomous cooperation.
8-86. According to developmentalists, what lies at the heart of moral behavior?
19
a) cognitive ability
b) empathy
c) social skills development
d) Freud’s “superego”
8-87. What is the term for intentional injury or harm to another person?
a) anger
b) retaliation
c) aggression
d) abuse
Answer: c Pages: 262 Level: Medium LO: 8-7 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-88. According to developmental research, what contributes to the decline of aggression in

preschool children?
a) more access to better child care

b) personality and social development of the child
c) more authoritarian parenting
d) more authoritative parenting
Answer: b Pages: 263 Level: Medium LO: 8-7 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-89. What is the term for the capability to adjust emotions to a desired state and level of
intensity?
a) instrumental aggression
b) relational aggression
c) emotional self-regulation
d) autonomous cooperation
8-90. What is the term for aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a concrete goal?
a) relational aggression
b) instrumental aggression
c) emotional aggression
d) regulated aggression
20
8-91. Two boys, ages 3 and 4, are playing with cars, and both boys want the bigger red car. As
one boy reaches for the red car, the other strikes him, knocking it out of his hand and taking the
red car for himself. This is an example of
a) relational aggression.
b) emotional aggression.
c) regulated aggression.
d) instrumental aggression.
8-92. In the playground, Amanda calls Janey names, refuses to include her in the game of
hopscotch, and makes fun of her. This is an example of
a) relational aggression.
b) emotional aggression.
c) regulated aggression.
d) instrumental aggression.
8-93. What is the term for nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt another person’s
psychological well-being?
a) psychological aggression
b) instrumental aggression
c) relational aggression
d) emotional aggression
8-94. Ethnologist Konrad Lorenz, evolutionary theorists and sociobiologists all suggest that
aggression includes all of the following EXCEPT
a) a fighting instinct shared with the animal kingdom that stems from primitive urges.
b) a learned behavior.
c) a biological root of social behavior.
d) a primitive urge that helps strengthen the species.
8-95. The social learning approach to aggression emphasizes that aggressive behavior is learned
through
a) direct reinforcement.
b) biological and primitive urges.
21
c) only direct methods.
d) only indirect methods.
Answer: a Pages: 264 Level: Medium LO: 8-7 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-96. Bandura’s research indicates that when children watch adults modeling aggressive
behavior with the Bobo doll, they are likely to
a) be frustrated.
b) get frightened and angry.
c) be as or more aggressive than the model.
d) be less aggressive than the model.
Answer: c Pages: 264 Level: Difficult LO: 8-7 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.3
8-97. Despite the fact that results are primarily correlational, overwhelming research evidence
suggests that observation of televised aggression leads to
a) no significant increase in aggressive behavior.

b) increases in aggressive behaviors that can extend into adulthood.
c) increases in aggression only for the male population.
d) increases in aggression only for children who play violent video games.
ESSAY QUESTIONS
8-98. Briefly give explanations as to why “theory of mind” contributes to the changes in
children’s play and social skills during preschool.
Answer: Using theory of mind, children are able to give explanations as to how others think and
reason, and, therefore, behave. By age 2, children are able to understand that others have
emotions. By age 3-4, children can distinguish between an idea in their mind and physical
actuality. Preschoolers become more insightful regarding the motives and reasons behind
people’s behavior. At age 4, children understand that people can be fooled or tricked. By the end
of the preschool period, children can solve false belief problems.
Pages: 250-251 Level: Difficult LO: 8-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-99. Briefly explain each of the four major parenting styles identified by Diana Baumrind.
Answer: Authoritarian parents are controlling, punitive, rigid, and cold. They value
unquestioning obedience from their children. Permissive parents provide lax and inconsistent
feedback, and expect little of their children. Authoritative parents are firm and set clear and
22
consistent limits, but also are loving and emotionally supportive. Uninvolved parents show little
interest in their children and are emotionally detached.
Page: 252-253 Level: Medium LO: 8-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-100. Briefly give some reasons why parents physically abuse children.
Answer: Although most parents who abuse their children later express bewilderment and regret
their behavior, one reason for child abuse is that the line between permissible and impermissible
punishment is vague. In the U.S., spanking is seen as often necessary and desirable, and half of
mothers with children younger than four admit they have spanked their child. In some cultures
outside the U.S., spanking is even more common. The American Academic of Pediatrics
recommends no physical punishment is appropriate at all. The privacy of childcare in the U.S.
(being raised in individual households) also contributes to the propensity to use physical abuse,
which is less prevalent in societies where several adults, or the society as a whole, are
responsible for how children are raised. Also, sometimes adults have unrealistic expectations for
their children’s behavior.
Pages: 256 Level: Difficult LO: 8-5 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-101. Briefly explain the results of Bandura’s social learning experiment with aggression and
the Bobo doll.
Answer: One group of preschool-age children watched a film of an adult playing aggressively
with the Bobo doll, and another group of children watched a film of an adult playing calmly with
Tinkertoys. Later, the children were led to feelings of frustration by being refused the
opportunity to play with their favorite toy. Then the children were given access to the Bobo doll
and the Tinkertoys. As predicted, the children modeled the behavior of the adult. Those who
witnessed the aggressive model were more aggressive when playing, while those children who
witnessed the less aggressive adult playing with the Tinkertoys were less aggressive when
playing.
Pages: 264-265 Level: Difficult LO: 8-7 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.3
TRUE/FALSE
8-102. Preschool-age children usually underestimate their skills and knowledge across all
domains of expertise.
Answer: False Page: 241 Level: Medium LO: 8-1 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-103. Preschool-age children have no knowledge of racial and ethnic identity.
Answer: False Page: 242 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 1.2
23
8-104. Research indicates that ethnic identity emerges in children at the same time that racial
identity emerges.
Answer: False Page: 242 Level: Medium LO: 8-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 2.3
8-105. Preschool-age children do not have strict expectations, and do not follow stereotypes
when it comes to gender-appropriate behaviors.
8-106. The words “gender” and “sex” mean the same thing.
8-107. Functional play involves doing something for the aim of creating some end product.
8-108. Before the age of 3, most social activity involves simply being in the same place at the
same time, without real social interactions.
Answer: True Page: 248 Level: Easy LO: 8-3 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-109. Because a typical 3-year-old’s understanding of “pretend” has developed, that means
his/her understanding of “belief” has also completely developed.
Answer: False Page: 250 Level: Easy LO: 8-3 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
8-110. Most parents demonstrate a consistent parenting mode/style.
8-111. Child abuse is typically a secret crime.
Answer: True Page: 255 Level: Medium LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
8-112. Studies show that when a child is reared in an abusive household, as an adult, he/she is
also likely to abuse his/her own children.
Answer: False Page: 256 Level: Difficult LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 2.3
8-113. Psychological maltreatment and physical abuse of children can produce permanent
physical changes in the limbic system of the brain, which is responsible for regulation of
memory and emotions.
Answer: True Page: 257 Level: Medium LO: 8-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
24
8-114. The social learning theory approach to moral development mirrors Piaget’s approach.
8-115. Preschool-age children rarely exhibit aggression.
Answer: False Page: 262 Level: Medium LO: 8-7 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.3
8-116. Children’s television programs contain less violence than found in other types of TV
programs.
25
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
leggi, per i giudizii — Foro Civile
Pompejano — Foro Nundinario o
Triangolare — Le Nundine —
Hecatonstylon — Orologio solare
CAPITOLO X. — La Basilica. — Origine

della denominazione di Basilica — Sua
destinazione in Roma — Poeti e cantanti
— Distribuzione della giornata — Interno
ed esterno delle Basiliche — Perchè
conservatone il nome alle chiese cristiane
— Basiliche principali cristiane — Basilica
di Pompei — Amministrazione della
giustizia, procedura civile e penale —
Magistrati speciali per le persone di vil
condizione — Episodio giudiziario di Ovidio
— Giurisprudenza criminale — Pene —
Del supplizio della croce — La pena
dell’adulterio — Avvocati Causidici 323
CAPITOLO XI. — Le Curie, il Calcidico, le

Prigioni. — Origine ed uso delle Curie —
Curie di Pompei — Curia o Sala del Senato
— Il Calcidico — Congetture di sua
destinazione — Forse tempio — Passaggio
per gli avvocati — Di un passo dell’Odissea
d’Omero — Eumachia sacerdotessa
fabbrica il Calcidico in Pompei —
Descrizione — Cripta e statua della
fondatrice — Le prigioni di Pompei —
Sistema carcerario romano — Le Carceri
Mamertine — Ergastuli per gli schiavi —
Carnifex e Carneficina — Ipotiposi 365
VOLUME SECONDO
CAPITOLO XII. — I Teatri — Teatro
Comico. — Passione degli antichi pel
teatro — Cause — Istrioni — Teatro
Comico od Odeum di Pompei —
Descrizione — Cavea, præcinctiones,
scalae, vomitoria — Posti assegnati alle
varie classi — Orchestra — Podii o tribune
— Scena, proscenio, pulpitum — Il sipario
— Chi tirasse il sipario — Postscenium —
Capacità dell’Odeum pompeiano — Echea
o vasi sonori — Tessere d’ingresso al
teatro — Origine del nome piccionaja al
luogo destinato alla plebe — Se gli
spettacoli fossero sempre gratuiti —
Origine de’ teatri, teatri di legno, teatri di
pietra — Il teatro Comico latino — Origini
— Sature e Atellane — Arlecchino e
Pulcinella — Rintone, Andronico ed Ennio
— Plauto e Terenzio — Giudizio
contemporaneo dei poeti comici — Diversi
generi di commedia: togatae, palliatae,
trabeatae, tunicatae, tabernariae — Le
commedie di Plauto e di Terenzio materiali
di storia — Se in Pompei si recitassero
commedie greche — Mimi e Mimiambi —
Le maschere, origine e scopo —
Introduzione in Roma — Pregiudizi contro
le persone da teatro — Leggi teatrali
repressive — Dimostrazioni politiche in
teatro — Talia musa della Commedia 5
CAPITOLO XIII. — I Teatri — Teatro 53

tragico. — Origini del teatro tragico —
Tespi ed Eraclide Pontico — Etimologia di
tragedia e ragioni del nome — Caratteri —
Epigene, Eschilo e Cherillo — Della
maschera tragica — L’attor tragico Polo —
Venticinque specie di maschere —
Maschere trovate in Pompei — Palla o
Syrma — Coturno — Istrioni —
Accompagnamento musicale — Le tibie e i
tibicini — Melpomene, musa della Tragedia
— Il teatro tragico in Pompei — L’architetto
Martorio Primo — Invenzione del velario —
Biasimata in Roma — Ricchissimi velarii di
Cesare e di Nerone — Sparsiones o
pioggie artificiali in teatro —
Adacquamento delle vie — Le lacernæ, o
mantelli da teatro — Descrizione del Teatro
Tragico — Gli Oleonj — Thimele —
Aulaeum — La Porta regia e le porte
hospitalia della scena — Tragici latini:
Andronico, Pacuvio, Accio, Nevio, Cassio
Severo, Varo, Turanno Graccula, Asinio
Pollione — Ovidio tragico — Verio, Lucio
Anneo Seneca, Mecenate — Perchè Roma
non abbia avuto tragedie — Tragedie
greche in Pompei — Tessera teatrale —
Attori e Attrici — Batillo, Pilade, Esopo e
Roseio — Dionisia — Stipendj esorbitanti
— Un manicaretto di perle — Applausi e
fischi — La claque, la clique e la
Consorteria — Il suggeritore — Se l’Odeo
di Pompei fosse attinenza del Gran Teatro
CAPITOLO XIV. — I Teatri — L’Anfiteatro. 103

— Introduzione in Italia dei giuochi circensi
— Giuochi trojani — Panem et circenses
— Un circo romano — Origine romana
degli Anfiteatri — Cajo Curione fabbrica il
primo in legno — Altro di Giulio Cesare —
Statilio Tauro erige il primo di pietra — Il
Colosseo — Data dell’Anfiteatro
pompejano — Architettura sua — I Pansa
— Criptoportico — Arena — Eco — Le
iscrizioni del Podio — Prima Cavea — I
locarii — Seconda Cavea — Somma
Cavea — Cattedre femminili — I Velarii —
Porta Libitinense — Lo Spoliario — I
cataboli — Il triclinio e il banchetto libero —
Corse di cocchi e di cavalli — Giuochi
olimpici in Grecia — Quando introdotti in
Roma — Le fazioni degli Auriganti —
Giuochi gladiatorj — Ludo Gladiatorio in
Pompei — Ludi gladiatorj in Roma —
Origine dei Gladiatori — Impiegati nei
funerali — Estesi a divertimento — I
Gladiatori al Lago Fucino — Gladiatori
forzati — Gladiatori volontarj —
Giuramento de’ gladiatori auctorati —
Lorarii — Classi gladiatorie: secutores,
retiarii, myrmillones, thraces, samnites,
hoplomachi, essedarii, andabati,
dimachæri, laquearii, supposititii,
pegmares, meridiani — Gladiatori Cavalieri
e Senatori, nani e pigmei, donne e matrone
— Il Gladiatore di Ravenna di Halm — Il
colpo e il diritto di grazia — Deludia — Il
Gladiatore morente di Ctesilao e Byron —
Lo Spoliario e la Porta Libitinense — Premj
ai Gladiatori — Le ambubaje — Le Ludie
— I giuochi Floreali e Catone —
Naumachie — Le Venationes o caccie —
Di quante sorta fossero — Caccia data da
Pompeo — Caccie di leoni ed elefanti —
Proteste degli elefanti contro la mancata
fede — Caccia data da Giulio Cesare —
Un elefante funambolo — L’Aquila e il
fanciullo — I Bestiarii e le donne bestiariæ
— La legge Petronia — Il supplizio di
Laureolo — Prostituzione negli anfiteatri —
Meretrici appaltatrici di spettacoli — Il
Cristianesimo abolisce i ludi gladiatorj —
Telemaco monaco — Missilia e Sparsiones
CAPITOLO XV. — Le Terme. — Etimologia

— Thermae, Balineae, Balineum, Lavatrina
— Uso antico de’ Bagni — Ragioni —
Abuso — Bagni pensili — Balineae più
famose — Ricchezze profuse ne’ bagni
publici — Estensione delle terme — Edificj
contenuti in esse — Terme estive e jemali
— Aperte anche di notte — Terme
principali — Opere d’arte rinvenute in esse
— Terme di Caracalla — Ninfei — Serbatoi
e Acquedotti — Agrippa edile — Inservienti
alle acque — Publici e privati — Terme in
Pompei — Terme di M. Crasso Frugio —
Terme publiche e private — Bagni rustici —
Terme Stabiane — Palestra e Ginnasio —
Ginnasio in Pompei — Bagno degli uomini
— Destrictarium — L’imperatore Adriano
nel bagno de’ poveri — Bagni delle donne
— Balineum di M. Arrio Diomede —
Fontane publiche e private — Provenienza
delle acque — Il Sarno e altre acque —
Distribuzione per la città — Acquedotti 183
CAPITOLO XVI. — Le Scuole. — Etimologia 231

— Scuola di Verna in Pompei — Scuola di
Valentino — Orbilio e la ferula — Storia de’
primordj della coltura in Italia — Numa e
Pitagora — Etruria, Magna Grecia e Grecia
— Ennio e Andronico — Gioventù romana
in Grecia — Orazio e Bruto — Secolo d’oro
— Letteratura — Giurisprudenza —
Matematiche — Storia naturale —
Economia rurale — Geografia — Filosofia
romana — Non è vero che fosse ucciditrice
di libertà — Biblioteche — Cesare incarica
Varrone di una biblioteca publica — Modo
di scrivere, volumi, profumazione delle
carte — Medicina empirica — Medici e
chirurghi — La Casa del Chirurgo in
Pompei — Stromenti di chirurgia rinvenuti
in essa — Prodotti chimici —
Pharmacopolae, Seplasarii, Sagae —
Fabbrica di prodotti chimici in Pompei —
Bottega di Seplasarius — Scuole private
CAPITOLO XVII. — Le Tabernæ. — Istinti 271

dei Romani — Soldati per forza —
Agricoltori — Poca importanza del
commercio coll’estero — Commercio
marittimo di Pompei — Commercio
marittimo di Roma — Ignoranza della
nautica — Commercio d’importazione —
Modo di bilancio — Ragioni di decadimento
della grandezza romana — Industria — Da
chi esercitata — Mensarii ed Argentarii —
Usura — Artigiani distinti in categorie —
Commercio al minuto — Commercio delle
botteghe — Commercio della strada —
Fori nundinari o venali — Il Portorium o
tassa delle derrate portate al mercato — Le
tabernae e loro costruzione — Institores —
Mostre o insegne — Popinae, thermopolia,
cauponae, anopolia — Mercanti ambulanti
— Cerretani — Grande e piccolo
Commercio in Pompei — Foro nundinario
di Pompei — Tabernae — Le insegne delle
botteghe — Alberghi di Albino, di Giulio
Polibio e Agato Vajo, dell’Elefante o di
Sittio e della Via delle Tombe —
Thermopolia — Pistrini, Pistores, Siliginari
— Plauto, Terenzio, Cleante e Pittaco Re,
mugnai — Le mole di Pompei — Pistrini
diversi — Paquio Proculo, fornajo,
duumviro di giustizia — Ritratto di lui e di
sua moglie — Venditorio d’olio — Ganeum
— Lattivendolo — Fruttajuolo — Macellai
— Myropolium, profumi e profumieri —
Tonstrina, o barbieria — Sarti —
Magazzeno di tele e di stofe — Lavanderie
— La Ninfa Eco — Il Conciapelli —
Calzoleria e Selleria — Tintori — Arte
Fullonica — Fulloniche di Pompei —
Fabbriche di Sapone — Orefici — Fabbri e
falegnami — Praefectus fabrorum — Vasaj
e vetrai — Vasi vinarj — Salve Lucru
CAPITOLO XVIII. — Belle Arti. — Opere 345

sulle Arti in Pompei — Contraffazioni —
Aneddoto — Primordj delle Arti in Italia —
Architettura etrusca — Architetti romani —
Scrittori — Templi — Architettura
pompeiana — Angustia delle case —
Monumenti grandiosi in Roma — Archi —
Magnificenza nelle architetture private —
Prezzo delle case di Cicerone e di Clodio
— Discipline edilizie — Pittura — Pittura
architettonica — Taberna o venditorio di
colori in Pompei — Discredito delle arti in
Roma — Pittura parietaria — A fresco —
All’acquarello — All’encausto —
Encaustica — Dipinti su tavole, su tela e
sul marmo — Pittori romani — Arellio —
Accio Prisco — Figure isolate — Ritratti —
Pittura di genere: Origine — Dipinti
bottegai — Pittura di fiori — Scultura —
Prima e seconda maniera di statuaria in
Etruria — Maniera greca — Prima scultura
romana — Esposizione d’oggetti d’arte —
Colonne — Statue, tripedaneae, sigillae —
Immagine de’ maggiori — Artisti greci in
Roma — Cajo Verre — Sue rapine — La
Glìttica — La scultura al tempo dell’Impero
— In Ercolano e Pompei — Opere
principali — I Busti — Gemme pompejane
— Del Musaico — Sua origine e progresso
— Pavimentum barbaricum, tesselatum,
vermiculatum — Opus signinum —
Musivum opus — Asarola — Introduzione
del mosaico in Roma — Principali musaici
pompejani — I Musaici della Casa del
Fauno — Il Leone — La Battaglia di Isso —
Ragioni perchè si dichiari così il soggetto
— A chi appartenga la composizione —
Studj di scultura in Pompei
VOLUME TERZO
CAPITOLO XIX. — Quartiere de’ soldati, e 5

Ludo gladiatorio? — Pagus Augustus
Felix — Ordinamenti militari di Roma —
Inclinazioni agricole — Qualità militari —
Valore personale — Formazione della
milizia — La leva — Refrattarj — Cause
d’esenzione — Leva tumultuaria —
Cavalleria — Giuramento — Gli evocati e i
conquisitori — Fanteria: Veliti, Astati,
Principi, Triarii — Centurie, manipoli, coorti,
legioni — Denominazione delle legioni —
Ordini della cavalleria: torme, decurie. —
Duci: propri e comuni — Centurioni —
Uragi, Succenturiones, Accensi,
Tergoductores, Decani — Signiferi —
Primopilo — Tribuni — Decurioni nella
cavalleria — Prefetti dei Confederati —
Legati — Imperatore — Armi — Raccolta
d’armi antiche nel Museo Nazionale di
Napoli — Catalogo del comm. Fiorelli —
Cenno storico — Armi trovate negli scavi
d’Ercolano e Pompei — Armi dei Veliti,
degli Astati, dei Principi, dei Triarii, della
cavalleria — Maestri delle armi — Esercizj:
passo, palaria, lotta, nuoto, salto, marce —
Fardelli e loro peso — Bucellatum —
Cavalleria numidica — Accampamenti —
Castra stativa — Forma del campo —
Principia — Banderuole — Insegne —
Aquilifer — Insegna del Manipolo —
Bandiera delle Centurie — Vessillo della
Cavalleria — Guardie del campo —
Excubiæ e Vigiliæ — Tessera di consegna
— Sentinelle — Procubitores — Istrumenti
militari: buccina, tuba, lituus, cornu,
timpanum — Tibicen, liticen, timpanotriba
— Stipendj militari — I Feciali, gli Auguri,
gli Aruspici e i pullarii — Sacrifici e
preghiere — Dello schierarsi in battaglia —
Sistema di fortificazioni — Macchine
guerresche: Poliorcetiæ: terrapieno, torre
mobile, testuggine, ariete, balista,
tollenone, altalena, elepoli, terebra,
galleria, vigna — Arringhe — La vittoria,
Inni e sacrificj — Premj: asta pura, monili,
braccialetti, catene — Corone: civica,
morale, castrense o vallare, navale o
rostrale, ossidionale, trionfale, ovale —
Altre distinzioni — Spoglia opima — Preda
bellica — Il trionfo — Veste palmata —
Trionfo della veste palmata — In
Campidoglio — Banchetto pubblico —
Trionfo navale — Ovazione — Onori del
trionfatore — Pene militari: decimazione,
vigesimazione, e centesimazione,
fustinarium, taglio della mano,
crocifissione, fustigazione leggiera, multa,
censio hastaria — Pene minori — Congedo
CAPITOLO XX. — Le Case. Differenza tra le 57

case pompejane e romane — Regioni ed
Isole — Cosa fosse il vestibulum e perchè
mancasse alle case pompejane — Piani —
Solarium — Finestre — Distribuzione delle
parti della casa — Casa di Pansa —
Facciata — La bottega del dispensator —
Postes, aulæ, antepagamenta — Janua —
Il portinajo — Prothyrum — Cavædium —
Compluvium ed impluvium — Puteal — Ara
dei Lari — I Penati — Cellæ, o contubernia
— Tablinum, cubicula, fauces, perystilium,
procœton, exedra, œcus, triclinium —
Officia antelucana — Trichila — Lusso de’
triclinii — Cucina — Utensili di cucina —
Inservienti di cucina — Camino: v’erano
camini allora? — Latrina — Lo xisto — Il
crittoportico — Lo sphæristerium, la
pinacoteca — Il balineum — L’Alæatorium
— La cella vinaria — Piani superiori e
recentissima scoperta — Cœnacula — La
Casa a tre piani — I balconi e la Casa del
Balcone pensile — Case principali in
Pompei — Casa di villeggiatura di M. Arrio
Diomede — La famiglia — Principio
costitutivo di essa — La nascita del figlio —
Cerimonie — La nascita della figlia —
Potestas, manus, mancipium — Minima,
media, maxima diminutio capitis —
Matrimonii: per confarreazione, uso,
coempzione — Trinoctium usurpatio —
Diritti della potestas, della manus, del
mancipium — Agnati, consanguinei —
Cognatio — Matrimonium, connubium —
Sponsali — Età del matrimonio — Il
matrimonio e la sua importanza — Bigamia
— Impedimenti — Concubinato — Divorzio
— Separazione — Diffarreatio —
Repudium — La dote — Donatio propter
nuptias — Nozioni sulla patria podestà —
Jus trium liberorum — Adozione — Tutela
— Curatela — Gli schiavi — Cerimonia
religiosa nel loro ingresso in famiglia —
Contubernium — Miglioramento della
condizione servile — Come si divenisse
schiavo — Mercato di schiavi — Diverse
classi di schiavi — Trattamento di essi —
Numero — Come si cessasse di essere
schiavi — I clienti — Pasti e banchetti
romani — Invocazioni al focolare —
Ghiottornie — Leggi alla gola — Lucullo e
le sue cene — Cene degli imperatori —
Jentaculum, prandium, merenda, cœna,
commissatio — Conviti publici — Cene
sacerdotali — Cene de’ magistrati — Cene
de’ trionfanti — Cene degli imperatori —
Banchetti di cerimonia — Triumviri
æpulones — Dapes — Triclinio — Le
mense — Suppellettili — Fercula —
Pioggie odorose — Abito e toletta da tavola
— Tovaglie e tovaglioli — Il re del
banchetto — Tricliniarca — Coena recta —
Primo servito — Secunda mensa —
Pasticcerie e confetture — Le posate —
Arte culinaria — Apicio — Manicaretto di
perle — Vini — Novellio Torquato milanese
— Servi della tavola: Coquus,
lectisterniator, nomenclator, prægustator,
structor, scissor, carptor, pincerna,
pocillator — Musica alle mense —
Ballerine — Gladiatori — Gli avanzi della
cena — Le lanterne di Cartagine — La
partenza de’ convitati — La toletta d’una
pompejana — Le cubiculares, le cosmetæ,
le calamistræ, ciniflones, cinerarii, la
psecae — I denti — La capigliatura — Lo
specchio — Punizioni della toaletta — Le
ugne — I profumi — Mundus muliebris — I
salutigeruli — Le Veneræ —
Sandaligerulæ, vestisplicæ, ornatrices —
Abiti e abbigliamenti — Vestiario degli
uomini — Abito de’ fanciulli — La bulla —
Vestito degli schiavi — I lavori del gineceo
CAPITOLO XXI. — I Lupanari. — Gli ozj di 165

Capua — La prostituzione — Riassunto
storico della prostituzione antica —
Prostituzione ospitale, sacra e legale — La
Bibbia ed Erodoto — Gli Angeli e le figlie
degli uomini — Le figlie di Loth — Sodoma
e Gomorra — Thamar — Legge di Mosè —
Zambri, Asa, Sansone, Abramo, Giacobbe,
Gedeone — Raab — Il Levita di Efraim —
David, Betsabea, la moglie di Nabal e la
Sunamite — Salomone e le sue concubine
— Prostituzione in Israele — Osea profeta
— I Babilonesi e la dea Militta — Venere e
Adone — Astarte — Le orgie di Mitra —
Prostituzione sacra in Egitto — Ramsete e
Ceope — Cortigiane più antiche —
Rodope, Cleina, Stratonice, Irene,
Agatoclea — Prostituzione greca —
Dicterion — Ditteriadi, auletridi, eterìe —
Eterìe celebri — Aspasia — Saffo e l’amor
lesbio — La prostituzione in Italia — La
lupa di Romolo e Remo — Le feste
lupercali — Baccanali e Baccanti — La
cortigiana Flora e i giuochi florali — Culto
di Venere in Roma — Feste a Venere
Mirtea — Il Pervigilium Veneris —
Traduzione — Altre cerimonie nelle feste di
Venere — I misteri di Iside — Feste
Priapee — Canzoni priapee — Emblemi
itifallici — Abbondanti in Ercolano e
Pompei — Raccolta Pornografica nel
Museo di Napoli — Sue vicende — Oggetti
pornografici d’Ercolano e Pompei — I
misteri della Dea Bona — Degenerazione
de’ misteri della Dea Bona — Culto di
Cupido, Mutino, Pertunda, Perfica, Prema,
Volupia, Lubenzia, Tolano e Ticone —
Prostituzione legale — Meretrici forestiere
— Cortigiane patrizie — Licentia stupri —
Prostitute imperiali — Adulterii — Bastardi
— Infanticidi — Supposizioni ed
esposizioni d’infanti — Legge Giulia: de
adulteriis — Le Famosæ — La Lesbia di
Catullo — La Cinzia di Properzio — La
Delia di Tibullo — La Corinna di Ovidio —
Ovidio, Giulia e Postumo Agrippa — La
Licori di Cornelio Gallo — Incostanza delle
famosæ — Le sciupate di Orazio — La
Marcella di Marziale e la moglie —
Petronio Arbitro e il Satyricon — Turno —
La Prostituzione delle Muse — Giovenale
— Il linguaggio per gesti — Comessationes
— Meretrices e prostibulæ — Prosedæ,
alicariæ, blitidæ, bustuariæ, casoritæ,
copæ, diobolæ, quadrantariæ, foraneæ,
vagæ, summenianæ — Le delicatæ —
Singrafo di fedeltà — Le pretiosæ —
Ballerine e Ludie — Crescente cinedo e
Tyria Percisa in Pompei — Pueri meritorii,
spadones, pædicones — Cinedi — Lenoni
— Numero de’ lupanari in Roma —
Lupanare romano — Meretricium nomen
— Filtri amatorii — Stabula, casaurium,
lustrum, ganeum — Lupanari pompejani —
Il Lupanare Nuovo — I Cuculi — Postriboli
minori
CAPITOLO XXII. La Via delle tombe. — 285

Estremi officii ai morenti — La Morte —
Conclamatio — Credenze intorno all’anima
ed alla morte — Gli Elisii e il Tartaro —
Culto dei morti e sua antichità — Gli Dei
Mani — Denunzia di decesso — Tempio
della Dea Libitina — Il libitinario —
Pollinctores — La toaletta del morto — Il
triente in bocca — Il cipresso funerale e
suo significato — Le imagini degli Dei
velate — Esposizione del cadavere — Il
certificato di buona condotta —
Convocazione al funerale — Exequiæ,
Funus, publicum, indictivum, tacitum,
gentilitium — Il mortoro: i siticini, i tubicini,
le prefiche, la nenia; Piatrices, Sagæ,
Expiatrices, Simpulatrices, i Popi e i
Vittimari, le insegne onorifiche, le imagini
de’ maggiori, i mimi e l’archimimo, sicinnia,
amici e parenti, la lettiga funebre — I
clienti, gli schiavi e i familiari — La rheda
— L’orazione funebre — Origine di essa —
Il rogo — Il Bustum — L’ultimo bacio e
l’ultimo vale — Il fuoco alla pira — Munera
— L’invocazione ai venti — Legati di
banchetti annuali e di beneficenza —
Decursio — Le libazioni — I bustuari —
Ludi gladiatorii — La ustrina — Il sepolcro
comune — L’epicedion — Ossilegium —
L’urna — Suffitio — Il congedo —
Monimentum — Vasi lacrimatorj — Fori
nelle tombe — Cremazione — I bambini e i
colpiti dal fulmine — Subgrundarium —
Silicernium — Visceratio — Novemdialia —
Denicales feriæ — Funerali de’ poveri —
Sandapila — Puticuli — Purificazione della
casa — Lutto, publico e privato —
Giuramento — Commemorazioni funebri,
Feste Parentali, Feralia, Lemuralia, Inferiæ
— I sepolcri — Sepulcrum familiare —
Sepulcrum comune — Sepolcro ereditario
— Cenotafii — Columellæ o cippi, mensæ,
labra, arcæ — Campo Sesterzio in Roma
— La formula Tacito nomine — Prescrizioni
pe’ sepolcri — Are pei sagrifizj — Leggi
mortuarie e intorno alle tombe — Punizioni
de’ profanatori di esse — Via delle tombe
in Pompei — Tombe di M. Cerrinio e di A.
Vejo — Emiciclo di Mammia — Cippi di M.
Porcio, Venerio Epafrodito, Istacidia,
Istacidio Campano, Melisseo Apro e
Istacidio Menoico — Giardino delle colonne
in musaico — Tombe delle Ghirlande —
Albergo e scuderia — Sepolcro dalle porte
di marmo — Sepolcreto della famiglia
Istacidia — Misura del piede romano — La
tomba di Nevoleja Tiche e di Munazio
Fausto — Urna di Munazio Atimeto —
Mausoleo dei due Libella — Il decurionato
in Pompei — Cenotafio di Cejo e Labeone
— Cinque scheletri — Columelle — A Iceio
Comune — A Salvio fanciullo — A Velasio
Grato — Camera sepolcrale di Cn. Vibrio
Saturnino — Sepolcreto della famiglia Arria
— Sepolture fuori la porta Nolana —
Deduzioni
CONCLUSIONE 371
Appendice Prima. I busti di Bruto e di

Pompeo 383
Appendice Seconda. L’Eruzione del Vesuvio
del 1872 391
Sonetto a P. A. Curti di P. Cominazzi 419
Indice delle Incisioni sparse nell’opera 421
Indice Generale 423
FINE DELL’INDICE.
NOTE:
1. Saturn. I, 1.
2. Pompeja. Pag. 136.
3. Pag. 9.
4. Sat. 6:
O villa, e quando io rivedrotti?

Trad. Gargallo.
5. Lib. 3. 22:
Terra nata dell’armi all’alta gloria

Non al crudo terror.
Trad. Vismara.
6. Ann. 2-14. «Quelle targhe e pertiche sconce de’ barbari fra le macchie e
gli alberi non valere, come i lanciotti e le spade e l’assettata armatura.
Tirassero di punta spesso al viso.» Tr. di Bernardo Davanzati.
7. Lib. IX, 5.
8. Tit. Liv., lib. XXXV, 2 e 23.
9. Rosini, Antiquit. Roman. Lib. X, cap. 4.
10. Lib. VII, cap. 4.
11. Plin. Nat. Hist., lib. X, 5.
12. Sc. II. 16. — «Osserva dapprima qual regime abbiano gli eserciti nostri,
quindi qual fatica e quanta cibaria portino in campo per mezzo mese ed
attrezzi d’uso; perocchè il portar il palo, lo scudo, il gladio, e l’elmo i
nostri soldati non contino nel peso, più che gli omeri, le mani e le altre
membra, afferman essi le armi essere le membra del soldato, le quali
così agevolmente portano, che dove ne fosse il bisogno, gittato il
restante peso, potrebbero coll’armi, come colle membra proprie
combattere.»
13. Ep. 57.
14. Nelle nostre provincie, massime nella Bresciana, esiste un pane dolciato
che si chiama bussolà, dal bucellatum romano, ma il bucellatum, come
esprime il nome, era nel mezzo bucato, onde portarlo all’uopo sospeso
o infilzato, viaggiando, sull’asta.
15.
Ed aste scisse in quattro parti, e pali

Acuminati.
Georgica II, v. 25.
16. Hist. Rom. Lib. XXVII.
17.
Movendo aquile, insegne, aste latine

Contro latine insegne, aquile ed aste.
Lib. I. v. 7. Trad. del conte Franc. Cassi.
18.
Eran di fieno: ma quel fieno istesso

Da ciascun riscotea tanto rispetto,
Quanto l’aquila tua ne esige adesso.
Si stava in cima a lungo palo eretto
Un manipol di fieno, onde di fanti
Certo drappel manipolar fu detto.
Trad. di G. B. Bianchi.
19. Tacito, Ann. XV. 29.
20. Svetonio, In Vespasianum, 6.
21. Lib. I. 43.
22. De Bello Jugurt. LXV.
23.
«La tessera dà il segno

Ove di guardia scritte son le veci.»
Lib. X.
24. Just. Lips. De Milit. Rom. v. 9.
25. Lib. IV. II. 79:
Or del tardo pastore entro le mura

La buccina risuona.
26. Lib. XI. 475:
E già la roca
Tromba ne va per la città squillando
De la battaglia il sanguinoso accento.
Tr. Annibal Caro.
27.
Non la tuba diretta e non il corno

Di ricurvo metal.
28. v. 734:
Con il corno ricurvo

Il richiamo squillò e il lituo adunco
Colla stridula voce i suoni emise.
29. Thebaid. 2. 78;
S’udian per tutto rimbombare i vuoti

Bossi e di bronzo i timpani sonanti.
Trad. di Selvaggio Porpora,
pseud. del Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio.
30. Dion. d’Alicarn. II, 73.
31. Servio, X, 14.
32. Vol. I, cap. III.
33. Trad. di Felice Bellotti.
34. Così Cicerone nel Lib 2, Divin, 34: Attulit in cavæ pullos, is qui ex eo
nominatur pullarius. [35]

Ebook Development Across The Life Span 7Th Edition Feldman Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ebook Development Across The Life Span 7Th Edition Feldman Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Development Across The Life Span 7th

Edition Feldman Test Bank

Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years

8-4. According to Erikson, children 3 to 6 years of age experience conflict between

a) pictures of white children.

a) a Hispanic American girl and a Caucasian American boy

8-18. What is a sex-related biological characteristic that affects gender-based behaviors?

a) height and weight

a) gender schema; gender identity

8-23. When a preschool-age child is developing a gender schema, he/she is

a) Skinner; social learning theory

8-30. Preschoolers’ peer relationships are based on

a) care, protection, and direction.

a) the enjoyment of carrying out shared activities.

8-33. Which of the following is the best example of functional play?

8-34. Functional play is typical of

8-47. The difference between a 3-year-old’s development of “pretend” compared to his/her

a) show and tell.

8-57. In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.

a) poorer mental health for both child and parent.

a) cycle of violence hypothesis

a) cycle of violence hypothesis.

a) prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum

a) affectionate, easygoing, and good-natured temperaments.

a) are socially pleasant, outgoing, and have good communication skills.

a) law and order

a) Piaget’s autonomous cooperation.

8-86. According to developmentalists, what lies at the heart of moral behavior?

8-88. According to developmental research, what contributes to the decline of aggression in

a) more access to better child care

a) no significant increase in aggressive behavior.

8-103. Preschool-age children have no knowledge of racial and ethnic identity.

8-110. Most parents demonstrate a consistent parenting mode/style.

8-111. Child abuse is typically a secret crime.

8-115. Preschool-age children rarely exhibit aggression.

CAPITOLO X. — La Basilica. — Origine

CAPITOLO XI. — Le Curie, il Calcidico, le

CAPITOLO XIII. — I Teatri — Teatro 53

CAPITOLO XIV. — I Teatri — L’Anfiteatro. 103

CAPITOLO XV. — Le Terme. — Etimologia

CAPITOLO XVI. — Le Scuole. — Etimologia 231

CAPITOLO XVII. — Le Tabernæ. — Istinti 271

CAPITOLO XVIII. — Belle Arti. — Opere 345

CAPITOLO XIX. — Quartiere de’ soldati, e 5

CAPITOLO XX. — Le Case. Differenza tra le 57

CAPITOLO XXI. — I Lupanari. — Gli ozj di 165

CAPITOLO XXII. La Via delle tombe. — 285

Appendice Prima. I busti di Bruto e di

2. Pompeja. Pag. 136.

O villa, e quando io rivedrotti?

Terra nata dell’armi all’alta gloria

8. Tit. Liv., lib. XXXV, 2 e 23.

9. Rosini, Antiquit. Roman. Lib. X, cap. 4.

10. Lib. VII, cap. 4.

11. Plin. Nat. Hist., lib. X, 5.

13. Ep. 57.

Ed aste scisse in quattro parti, e pali

16. Hist. Rom. Lib. XXVII.

Movendo aquile, insegne, aste latine

Eran di fieno: ma quel fieno istesso

19. Tacito, Ann. XV. 29.

20. Svetonio, In Vespasianum, 6.

21. Lib. I. 43.