EXERCISE 22

CHEMICAL CHANGE

PAGE 282
1. Determine the percentage composition of the following:
1.1 CuSO4;
M(CuSO4) = 63,5 + 32 + (16 × 4)
= 159,5 g·mol-1
63,5
%Cu = 159,5 × 100
= 39,8%
32
%S = 159,5× 100
= 20,06%
16 × 4
%O = 159,5 × 100
= 40,13%
1.2 KMnO4;
M(KMnSO4) = 39 + 55 + (16 × 4)
= 158 g·mol-1
39
%K = 158 × 100
= 24,68%
55
%Mn = 158 × 100
= 34,81%
16 × 4
%O = 158 × 100
= 40,51%
1.3 K2Cr2O7;
M(K2Cr2O7) = (39 × 2) + (52 × 2) + (16 × 7)
= 294 g·mol-1
39 × 2
%K = 294 × 100
= 26,53%
52 × 2
%Cr = 294 × 100
= 35,37%
16 × 7
%O = 294 × 100
= 38,1%
1.4 KOH.
M(KOH) = 39 + 16 + 1
= 56 g·mol-1
39
%K = 56 × 100
= 69,64%
16
%O = 56 × 100
= 28,57%
1
%H = 56 × 100
= 1,79%
2. Determine the percentage of:
2.1 Mg in MgSO4;
M(MgSO4) = 24 + 32 + (16 × 4)
= 120 g·mol-1
24
%Mg = 120 × 100
= 20%
2.2 O in CaCO3.
M(CaCO3) = 40 + 12 + (16 × 3)
= 100 g·mol-1
48
%O = 100 × 100
= 48%
3.1 The empirical formula of a certain compound is
to be determined. On analysis of a sample of
the compound it was found to contain 40% C,
6,6% H and 53,3% O.
3.1.1 Define the term empirical formula.
The empirical formula is the simplest whole
number ratio of atoms in a compound.
3.1.2 Determine the empirical formula of the compound.
Show ALL calculations.
53,3 g O 40 g C 6,6 g H
M(O) = 16 g⋅mol-1 M(C) = 12 g⋅mol-1 M(H) = 1 g⋅mol-1
m m m
n =M n =M n =M
53,3 40 6,6
n = 16 n = 12 n= 1
n = 3,33 125 mol n = 3,3 mol n = 6,6 mol
Therefore
O : C : H
3,331 25 3,3 6,6
3,3 : 3,3 : 3,3
1 : 1 : 2
Empirical formula = CH2O
3.1.3 If the molar mass of the compound is
60 g.mol-1, calculate the molecular formula of
the compound.
M(CH2O)
= 12 + 2(1) + 16
= 30 g⋅mol-1
60
Empirical mass = 30 = 2
Thus the molecular formula = (CH2O) × 2
= C2H4O2
3.2 The molar mass of hydrated sodium carbonate is
found to be 268 g.mol-1. The formula of the
hydrated sodium carbonate is Na2CO3.𝓍H2O.
Calculate the number of moles of water of
crystallisation (𝓍) in the compound.
M(Na2CO3) = 106 g⋅mol-1
M(𝓍H2O) = 268 - 106
= 162 g⋅mol-1
162
n(H2O) = 18
= 9 mol
4 Determine the empirical formulae of the compounds with the
following percentage compositions by mass:
4.1 63,5% Fe; 36,5% S
’n 100 g sample contains:
63,5 36,5
n(Fe) = 56 = 1,13 mol Fe AND n(S) = 32 = 1,14 mol S
Fe and S react in the ratio:
Fe : S
1,13 : 1,14
1,13 1,14
:
1,13 1,13
1 : 1,008 8
1 : 1 The empirical formula for the compound is FeS.
4.2 57,5% Na; 40% O; 2,5% H
A 100 g sample contains:
57,5 40 2,5
n(Na) = 23 = 2,5 mol Na n(O) = 16 = 2,5 mol O n(H) = 1 = 2,5 mol H
Na, O and H react in the ratio:
Na : O : H
2,5 : 2,68 : 2,5
2,5 : 2,68 : 2,5
2,5 2,5 2,5
1 : 1 : 1

The empirical formula for the compound is NaOH.

4.3 43,4% Na; 11,3% C; 45,3% O
’n 100 gsample contains:
43,3 11,3 45,3
n(Na) = 23 = 1,89 mol Na n(C) = 12 = 0,94 mol C n(O) = 1 =2,83 mol O
Na, C and O react in the ratio:
Na : C : O
1,89 : 0,94 : 2,83
1,89 0,94 2,83
: :
0,94 0,94 0,94
2,01 : 1 : 3,01
2 : 1 : 3
The empirical formula for the compound is Na2CO3.
4.4 32% K; 29% Cℓ; 39% O
A 100 g sample contains:
32 29 39
n(K) = 39 = 0,82 mol K n(Cℓ) = 35,5 = 0,817 mol Cℓ n(O) = 16 =2,44 mol H
K, Cℓ and O react in the ratio:
K : Cℓ : O
0,82 : 0,817 : 2,44
0,82 : 0,817 2,44
:
0,817 0,817 0,817
1,004 : 1 : 2,986
1 : 1 : 3
The empirical formula for the compound is KCℓO3.
4.5 A 100 g sample contains:
A 100 g sample contains:
52,95 47,06
n(Aℓ) = 27 = 1,961 mol n(O) = 16 = 2,94 mol H
Aℓ and O react in the ratio:
Aℓ : O
1,961 : 2,94
:
1,961 2,94 :
1,961 : 1,961
1 : 1,5 (multiply by 2)
2 : 3
The empirical formula for the compound is Aℓ2O3.
4.6 A 100 g sample contains:
A 100 g sample contains:
70 30
n(Fe) = 56 = 1,25 mol n(O) = 16 = 1,875 mol
Fe and O react in the ratio:
Fe : O
1,25 : 1,875
:
1,25 1,875 :
1,25 : 1,25
1 : 1,5 (multiply by 2)
2 : 3

The empirical formula for the compound is Fe2O3.