DR.

AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR

HANDICAPPED, KANPUR

Assistance for Tetraplegic Patients Using

Eye Blink Sensor
SYNOPSIS

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics Engineering

SUBMITTED BY GUIDED BY
Vivek Gautam (1901660300066) Ms. Prerna Srivastava
Deepak Kumar (1901660300014) Assistant Professor (EL)
Amit Kumar Nishad (1901660300008)
 B. Tech Project Synopsis
1. Deepak Kumar (1901660300014)

Amit Kumar Nishad (1901660300008)

Vivek Gautam (1901660300066)

2. Email- deepaksoni7268@gmail.com amitkumarn612001@gmail.com

vivekvc2512@gmail.com

3. Mobile No.- (+91) 7565045851, (+91) 6391056121, (+91) 8009760475

4. Electronics Engineering

5. Session- 2022-23

6. Solar Powered Headphones

INTRODUCTION
Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Paralysis
can cause loss of feeling or mobility in the affected areas. Paralysis can be localized, or
generalized, or it may follow a specific pattern.
Therefore, we mainly focused on this group of people who are physically challenged or
paralyzed. As, this group of people are physically challenged, they mostly rely on other
people’s assistance. Even, they have to rely on someone else for day-to-day tasks. Therefore,
any innovative and effective communication system can be a great help for the senior citizen,
disabled people and paralysis patients. As mostly these patients have limitations on physical
movement, they even cannot move their hands or even talk. Furthermore, there has not been
any significant medical improvement to remedy this type of disability. Though, in many cases,
physical exercises and proper medication can benefit the patient, but again thesis a very
lengthy process and the success rate is very negligible. Consequences are lifelong physical
 disability. However, the only controls they have are their eyes. Therefore, we decided to work
on an assistant, which they can control easily using their eyes.

LITERATURE SURVEY
Now a days, the rapid growth of technology has made our PC become outdated. The tasks that
once we used to do with PC are now being handled by mobiles or devices.

H.S. Prashant, 2012. Assistance for paralyzed using eye blink detection [1]. The main aim of
this project is to design a real time interactive system that can assist the paralyzed to control
communication system such as SMS/Call or pre-recorded audio messages, through a
predefined number of eye blinks. Image Processing techniques have been implemented in order
to detect the eye blinks.

Deep Bose, BRAC University, Bangladesh, 2017. Home automation with eye blink for
paralyzed patients [2], The constant demand to improve daily living standards for paralyzed
patients or general people serves as a motivation to develop newer technology.

FLOW CHART
Start the System

Blink Sensor
Yes
No. of Blinks

Choose Operation according to Blinks

Action

Close the System

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. 1 is the simplified block diagram of the system. Here a blink sensor is used to process the
input in real time and send appropriate control signal to a microcontroller. The microcontroller
takes appropiate decision based on various sets of inputs and the output of the microcontroller
board is used to control the appliances.

Audio
LCD speaker

Blink Micro-
Sensor controller

SMS

Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the System

WORKING
1. Firstly, we start the system with a blink.
2. The IR sensor acts as an Eye Blink sensor, When the eye is closed, it emits high and
when the eye is open, it emits low. The input is being sampled for 3 times per second
and is categorised as short or long blinks based on the time taken for each blink.
3. According to the no. of blinks and type of blinks operation is defined in the
microcontroller by programming it.
4. Now, action is taken according to blinks.
5. Then the system is closed.

MODULES
1. Module-1 Blink Detection
2. Module-2 Programming (Display)
3. Module-3 Programming (SMS)
4. Module-4 Hardware
5. Module-5 Report

METHODOLOGY

This is the most basic diagram in the figure. In real time, the blinking sensor is used to transfer
the applied input as well as provide the microcontroller with the required control signals. The
microcontroller board is used to monitor the equipment and makes the appropriate decision
based upon various sets of inputs and outputs.

The microcontroller is utilised to check the blink sequence's accuracy, using the current IC
driver to transfer open equipment. A 12v adaptor is used to provide the constant supply to ICs
and transmits. LEDs are used to indicate the state of a system discharge

A long blink occurs when the eye is kept closed for Two- third of a second but less than a
second. When the eye is closed, the timer is used to capture the exact instant. The number '0'
(Logic LOW) is used for short blinks, while the number' 1' (Logic HIGH) is used for long
 blinks. As triple input is needed to track equipment, the order of input will differ from "000"
(Short three times) to "111" (long three times), binary equal to Zero to Seven octal. Each unit
is measured and switched off / on depends on the browser. As the metal is taken, the pin
corresponding to that function is rendered HIGHER.

Then the output from the IR sensor will be transmitted to the Arduino Uno which will process
the data according to its programming, it will generate an output, that output will be passed to
the RF Transmitter which will transmit the command to another side of the system which has
an RF Receiver and a relay module which will on and off our home appliances. when the
receiver receives the command and fed it up to the relay module which will process it and on
or off the appliances according to the user's command.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

1. It is beneficial for physically handicapped person who do not make their body to do
daily routine work.
2. Paralyzed people can easily convey their message in a easy manner.
3. Basically, it works as an assistant to physically challenged person.
4. Paralyzed person can communicate via SMS or call with caretaker for any help.
5. It has some limitations like it can show only those messages which have been pre-
programmed in microcontroller device.
6. It is a costly project cause having many components and few of them are costly in price.

APPLICATION
1. Eye blink system can be used in variety of applications where the user attention needs to
be mentioned.

2. Paralyzed person can communicate via SMS or call to his care taker for any help.

3. It can be used in wireless technology.

4. Other applications, include scientific studies to measure fatigue or can be used for research
purposes to count number of eyeblinks in various different situations.
FUTURE SCOPE
1. In a future time, we can also add up call system so in case of emergency situations call can
be forward to care taker of paralyzed person and home members of the family.
2. Accidents due to diver drowsiness can be prevented using eye blink sensors. The driver is
supposed to wear the eye blink sensor frame throughout the course of driving and blink has
to be for a couple of seconds to detect drowsiness.
3. We can implement the morse code using this project which can be very helpful in defence
perspective.

CONCLUSION
We can conclude that the project is very helpful for paralyzed person which are not able to
control appliances. In future, it can also be used for variety of other functions.

One of the key goals of our project is to assist patients in making their lives simpler, and our
system will be completed when we can put it to use in the real world and support people.

WORKING ROLE
Deepak Kumar – Assembling of electronics materials and other components
Amit Kumar Nishad – Preparing of soft and hard copy of synopsis, report and PPT
Vivek Gautam – Testing of all electronics components
References
[1] Atish Udayashankar ; Amit R. Kowshik ; S. Chandramouli ; H.S. Prashanth, “ Assistance for
paralyzed using Eye Blink Detection”, 2012 fourth international conference on digital home,
11 December 2012
[2] Home automation with eye blink for paralyzed patients, Deep Bose, BRAC University,
Bangladesh, 2017.