Content

Abstract

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Objectives

2.Fundamentals and Problem Definition

2.1 Literature Survey

2.2 Problem definition

2.3 Need and scope of Project

3. Design Methodology

3.1 Block Diagram

3.2 Circuit Diagram

4. Component list

4.1 Hardware Details

4.2 Software Details

5. Implementation of System

5.1 Hardware Implementation

5.2 Software Implementation

5.3 Result

5.4 Advantages

5.5 Disadvantages

6. Application and Future Scope

Conclusion

References

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 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

The drowsiness detection system is capable of detecting

drowsiness in quickly. The system which can differentiate normal
eye blink and drowsiness can prevent the driver from entering the
state of sleepiness while driving. The system works well
irrespective of driver wearing spectacles and under low light
conditions also. During the monitoring, the system is able to
decide if the eyes are closed or opened. When the eyes have
been closed for too long a warning signal is issued. The ultimate
goal of the system is to check the drowsiness condition of the
driver. Based on the eye movements of the driver, the drowsiness
is detected and according o eye blink, the alarm will be generated
to alert the driver and to reduce the speed of the vehicle along
with the indication of parking light. By doing this, many accidents
will be reduced and provides safety to the driver and vehicle. A
system that is driver safety and car security is presented only in
luxurious costly cars. Using eye detection, driver security and
safety can be implemented in normal car also.

1.2 Objectives:

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Goals:

The goal of this project is to develop a system that can detect the
sleepiness of the driver and make alarms accordingly. There will be a
Kinect camera that constantly takes image of driver, a beagle board
that implement image processing algorithm, and a feedback circuit
that could generate alarm and a power supply system.

Features: 1. Daytime eye detection using RGB mode of Kinect.

2. Night time detection using IR mode of Kinect. 3. Eyelid distance
tracking to detect the sleepiness. 4. Real time image processing
more than 1 frame/second 5. Sound and flashing LED warning
system to redraw driver’s attention

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 CHAPTER 2

Fundamentals and Problem Definition

2.1 Literature Survey

Anti-sleep alarms are devices designed to detect signs of drowsiness or

inattentiveness in individuals, particularly drivers, and alert them to prevent
accidents. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of
research and development in anti-sleep alarm technology.

1. Historical Development:
The concept of anti-sleep alarms dates back to the early 20th century
when simple mechanical devices were employed to detect driver fatigue.
Over the years, advancements in technology have led to the
development of sophisticated electronic systems capable of monitoring
physiological and behavioral indicators of sleepiness.

2. Physiological Monitoring:

One prominent approach in anti-sleep alarms involves the use of

physiological sensors to detect signs of drowsiness. Studies have explored
the effectiveness of measures such as heart rate variability,
electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye movement patterns in accurately
identifying fatigue levels. These studies highlight the potential of
physiological indicators in enhancing the reliability of anti-sleep alarms.

3. Behavioral Indicators:
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 Another avenue of research focuses on analyzing behavioral cues
associated with drowsiness. This includes monitoring steering behavior,
lane deviation, and response times to external stimuli. Recent studies have
demonstrated promising results in utilizing machine learning algorithms to
interpret these behavioral indicators, leading to more accurate and timely
alarms.

4. Human-Computer Interaction:

Ergonomics and user interface design play a crucial role in the

effectiveness of anti-sleep alarms. Research in this area explores how
alarms are presented to users, taking into consideration factors such as
alert modality (auditory, visual, tactile) and the timing of alerts. Human-
centered design principles are increasingly being integrated into the
development of anti-sleep alarm systems.

The literature on anti-sleep alarms reflects a diverse and dynamic field of

research. Advances in physiological monitoring, behavioral analysis, and
human-computer interaction have contributed to the development of
increasingly effective anti-sleep alarm systems. However, ongoing studies
on real-world applications and ethical considerations are essential for
ensuring the responsible and beneficial deployment of this technology.

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2.2 Problem definition

Drowsy driving poses a significant risk to road safety, leading to

accidents, injuries, and fatalities. The prolonged operation of a
motor vehicle, especially during monotonous or nighttime driving
conditions, can result in driver fatigue, impaired alertness, and
diminished cognitive and motor functions. Recognizing the critical
need to address this issue, an anti-sleep alarm is designed to
detect early signs of driver drowsiness or fatigue and provide
timely alerts or interventions to prevent potential accidents. The
challenge lies in developing an effective and reliable system that
can accurately identify these indicators and successfully rouse the
driver without causing distraction or discomfort, ultimately
ensuring safer road travel for all stakeholders involved.

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2.3 Need and scope of Project

Though the prototype model worked very efficient with remarkable

output, the real life situations is going to be way more challenging
and demanding. This system is an attempt to help in decreasing
and/or prevent road accidents that happen due to drivers’
drowsiness. Using our Anti Sleep Alarm System the drivers will be
benefited and be alert while driving with a low price. We believe
that our model has lots of societal impact which will reduce the
accidents. In future we will use small micro camera which will
replace the eye sensor and will incorporate GPS module in the
device to track the location of the driver. Since the price is very
affordable, we have a plan to marketing it in future. It can be
added to every high-end manufacturing cars to prevent accidents.
Sleepiness detection is Efficient and alarms will generate only
when demanded (while in asleep). Due to portable size it can be
used in different applications.

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 CHAPTER 3
Design Methodology
3.1 Block Diagram

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3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 CHAPTER 4
COMPONENT LIST
4.1 Hardware Details

4.1.1 ARDUINO UNO:

Using an Arduino Uno for an anti-sleep alarm is a great choice due to its versatility but
it is big in size and its heavy. Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use
programmable open-source microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety
of electronic projects. When the driver's eyes are closed for an extended period
(indicative of drowsiness), the alarm will be activated.

4.1.2 Arduino Pro Mini:

The Arduino Pro Mini is a compact and versatile microcontroller board

based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It is designed for applications

where space constraints are critical, making it suitable for projects with

limited physical space.

Because of all this features of Arduino Pro mini, we first run the code in

Arduino Uno and after doing some connections Arduino Uno to Arduino Pro

mini code is being upload.

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4.1.2 IR Sensor:

IR sensor is an electronic device that emits the light in order to sense some
object of the surroundings. An IR Sensor can measure the heat of an object
as well as detects the motion. Usually, in the Infrared spectrum all the
objects radiate some form of thermal radiation. These types of radiations
are invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can detect these radiations.
The emitter is simply an IR LED and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the
output voltages will change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light
received.

4.1.3 BUZZER:

The buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the electric effect. The
generation of pressure variation or strain by the application of electric
potential across a electric material is the underlying principle. This buzzer
can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action,
counter signal or sensor input. They are also used in alarm circuits. The
buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation
applied to it.

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4.1.4 Eye Glasses / Spectacles:

The eye blink system comes with an IR sensor mounted on glasses which
the user can wear like regular glasses, shown in the picture below. Eye
blink Sensor is a relatively simple sensor used to detect eye blinks. It uses
a simple infrared sensor to detect if the person's eye is closed and the
corresponding data received can further be processed by any logic as
required for the application.

4.1.5 POWER SUPPLY:

A 9V Battery, is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9

volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts. Here we 9V battery for
power supply to execute the working process .

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4.1.6 SPST SWITCH:

SPST Single pole single throw switch is nothing but a simple two-terminal
switch which help us to disconnect the one terminal to another terminal
(vice versa– ON or OFF operation.

4.1.7TRANSISTOR:
BC547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). It is kind of an NPN transistor. It
has three terminals: Emitter, Collector and Base. The maximum current gain
of BC547 is 800A.

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4.2 Software Details

Arduino software (IDE)

● The Arduino software (IDE) is an open source
software, which is used to programe the Arduino
boards, and is an integrated development
environment, devloped by arduino.cc.
● Allow to write and upload code to arduino boards. And
it consists of many libraries and a set of examples of
mini projects.
● Arduino software (IDE) is compatible with different
operating systems (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X), and
supports the programming languages (C/C++).

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 CHAPTER 5
Implementation of System
5.1 Hardware Implementation
Connected all the Components as Shown in above

Circuit Diagram.

• Required Code is dumped into Arduino UNO using

Arduino IDE by Connecting USB Cable to Laptop/

Computer.

• Now Power supply is given to the Circuit with a help of

a 9V Battery.

• IR Sensor is used to detect the Eye-blink or closing the

eyes of a person, if eyes closed for a while an immediate

buzzer automatically turns ON.

• The buzzer automatically turns OFF, when the person

come back to his normal state.

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5.2 Software Implementation
The Arduino Pro Mini is a compact and versatile microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microcontroller. It is designed for applications where space constraints are
critical, making it suitable for projects with limited physical space.

Because of all this features of Arduino Pro mini, we first run the code in Arduino Uno and after
doing some connections Arduino Uno to Arduino Pro mini code is being upload

int Sinput = A1;

int Buz = 3;

int LED = 13;

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(Sinput, INPUT);

pinMode(Buz, OUTPUT);

pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);

void loop()

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Serial.print(digitalRead(Sinput));

if(digitalRead(Sinput)==LOW)

delay (2000);

digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(Buz, HIGH);

else

if(digitalRead(Sinput)==HIGH)

digitalWrite(Buz, LOW);

digitalWrite(LED, LOW); } }

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5.3 Result

Figure
4.2:
Image
of the
output
of the Project

Output of the Project :

• The project is used to detect the the Eye-blink or closing the eyes of a
person, if eyes closed for a while. The buzzer automatically turns ON, when
the person come back to his normal State. The buzzer goes OFF.

• Above Figure shows the output of the project.

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ADVANTAGES:
1. It is used to avoid the accidents.

2It is more-efficient and simple to use.

3. The Device is useful especially for people who travel long distance and
Drive late at night.

4. Using this Device helps the driver to wake up when he/she asleep while
Driving.

5.Affordable Cost and Portable Size.

DISADVANTAGES:
1.Device may not work when the system circuitry fails.

2. Yawning repeatedly or rubbing the eyes may get the circuit ON.

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 CHAPTER 6
Application and Future Scope
Application:
1.Eyelid distance tracking to detect the Sleepiness.

2. Sleepiness detection is Efficient and alarms will generate only when

demanded (while in asleep).
3.This can be used in high-end manufacturing cars to prevent accidents.

4. Not only for Drivers but also, the device is used in number of ways like,
ATM Guard Security, Military Base Security, bank Security and so on.

Future Scope:
Though the prototype model worked very efficient with remarkable output,
the real life situations is going to be way more challenging and demanding.
This system is an attempt to help in decreasing and/or prevent road
accidents that happen due to drivers’ drowsiness. Using our Anti Sleep
Alarm System the drivers will be benefited and be alert while driving with a
low price. We believe that our model has lots of societal impact which will
reduce the accidents. In future we will use small micro camera which will
replace the eye sensor and will incorporate GPS module in the device to
track the location of the driver. Since the price is very affordable, we have a
plan to marketing it in future. It can be added to every high-end
manufacturing cars to prevent accidents. Due to portable size it can be
used in different applications.

24
CONCLUSION:
This Project “ANTI-SLEEP ALARM FOR DRIVERS” is successfully
designed, and tested and demo unit is fabricated. The goal of this project is
to develop a device that can accurately detect sleepy driving and make
alarms accordingly, which aims to prevent the drivers from drowsy driving
and create a safer driving environment.The project was accomplished by
an IR sensor. This system detects the drowsiness in quickly. This system
which can differentiate normal eye blink and drowsiness can prevent the
driver from entering the state of sleepiness while driving. Whenever a driver
asleep due to drowsiness, the buzzer continuously starts beeping
unlessthe driver gets back to his/her normal position. The ultimate goal of
the system is to prevent the road accident, where the values measured in
life.

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REFERENCES:
[1]https://nevonprojects.com/driver-anti-sleepdevice/https://
www.academia.edu/34469825/
A_Survey_Paper_On_Drowsiness_Detection_and_Alarm_System_for_Driv
ers.

[3] D.Jayanthi , M.Bommy. : Vision-based Real-time Driver Fatigue

Detection System for Efficient Vehicle Control. In: International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 - 8958,
Volume-2, Issue-1, October 2012.

[4] Amol M. Malla, Paul R. Davidson, Philip J. Bones,Richard Green and

Richard D. Jones, Automated Video-based Measurement of Eye Closure
forDetecting Behavioral Microsleep presented at 32nd Annual International
Conference of the IEEE EMBSBuenos Aires, Argentina, August 31 --
September 4,2010.

[5] P. D. Minns, C Programming for the PC the MAC and the Arduino
Microcontroller System. Author House,2013.

[6] Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 06,2023.

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