IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.
5, Issue 02, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
To Detect Driver Drowsiness using Eye Tracking System
Prof. Rashmi Adatkar1 Keyur Jolapara2 Ketan Jogi3 Omkar Chavan4 Taha Barodawala5
1
Assistant Professor 2,3,4,5Student
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Everard Nagar, Sion(E),
Mumbai-400022, India
Abstract— this paper describes an eye tracking system for
drowsiness detection of a driver. It is based on an IR sensor.
By placing an IR sensor on the goggles, we can monitor the
face of the driver and look for the eye-movements which
indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to driver is
no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning
signal should be issued.
Key words: Eye Blinking, Driver Drowsiness Detection, IR
Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, Force Sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
Driver drowsiness is recognized as an important factor in the
vehicle accidents. It was demonstrated that driving
performance deteriorates with increased drowsiness with
resulting crashes constituting more than 20% of all vehicle
accidents. But the life lost once cannot be re- winded.
Advanced technology offers some hope avoid these up to
some extent. Driver’s fatigue is one of the main contributory
factors up to 20% of all traffic accidents and up to 25% of
fatal and serious accidents. In this context, it is very important
to monitor the drowsiness of the driver.
This project involves measure and controls the eye
blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to transmit
the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive
the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means
the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver
output is low. This to know the eye is closing or opening
Position. This output is given to logic circuit to indicate the
alarm. This project involves controlling accident due to
unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is
fixed in vehicle where if anybody loses conscious and
indicate through alarm.
For the detecting stage, the eye blink sensor always
monitors the eye blink moment. It continuously monitors eye
blink. If the monitoring is over, the collected data will be
transmitted to a microcontroller, and the microcontroller
digitizes the analog data. If the warning feedback system is
triggered, the microcontroller decides which alert needs to be
activated.
II. OBJECTIVE
Fatigue warning systems (FWS) have been proposed as
specific countermeasures to reduce collisions associated with
driver fatigue. These devices employ a variety of techniques
for detecting driver drowsiness while operating a vehicle and
signal a driver when critical drowsiness levels are reached.
However, the detection of driver fatigue using valid,
unobtrusive, and objective measures remains a significant
challenge. Steering wheel activity, ocular or facial
characteristics. Along with this of course, Drivers have a duty
not to exceed speed limits, exceed maximum work limits or
breach minimum rest requirements. Complementing this,
entities within the chain of responsibility must take
reasonable steps to prevent driver fatigue or situations that
lead to drivers breaching speed limits. It provides extensive
information on the alertness, driving performance, and
physiological and subjective states drivers.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] There are various techniques that can be used to detect the
drowsiness of drivers. These techniques can be generally
divided into the following categories: sensing of
physiological characteristics, sensing of driver operation,
sensing of vehicle response, monitoring the response of
driver. The blinking of eye is necessary in this project, since
it is used to drive the device and to operate events. Eye blink
detection must be done, for which we can avail readily
available blink detectors. Infrared transmitter - a device that
emits infrared rays. Similarly, [2] IR Receiver is used to
receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One
important point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be
placed parallel to each other.
The signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the
signal is high, the IR sensor is conducting it passes the IR rays
to the receiver. The IR receiver relates to comparator. The
comparator relates to operational amplifier.
[3] In the comparator circuit the reference voltage is
given to inverting input terminal of the circuit. The Non-
inverting input terminal is connected to IR receiver. When
there is an interruption in the IR rays between the IR
transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver becomes not
conducting. So, the comparator non-inverting input terminal
voltage is higher than inverting input. The comparator output
is at the range of +5V. This voltage is given to
microcontroller. When IR transmitter passes the rays to
receiver, the IR receiver becomes conducting due to non-
inverting input voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the
comparator output is GND. So, the output is given to
microcontroller. This circuit is mainly used for counting eye
lid movement.
IV. PROPOSED MODEL
Fig. 1: Block Diagram
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 To Detect Driver Drowsiness using Eye Tracking System
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 02/2017/161)

Driver drowsiness detection is a car safety technology which V. IMPLEMENTATION

helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy.
Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road
accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads.
This project block diagram consists of various
elements such as:
 Power Supply
 8051 family controller IC
 Infrared Sensor
 Driver IC ULN2803
 Relay
 Vibrator motor
 Buzzer
 LED’S
 Alcohol sensor
 Force sensor
We have also used sensors such as alcohol sensor,
force sensor to prevent accidents

Fig. 2: Alcohol sensor

Fig. 5: Flowchart using IR sensor

Fig. 3: Alcohol sensor internal circuit diagram

This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol
concentration on your breath, just like your common
breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response time.
Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol
concentration. The drive circuit is very simple; all it needs is
one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC.

Fig. 4: Force sensor

The Force sensor acts as a force sensing resistor in
an electrical circuit. When the force sensor is unloaded, its
resistance is very high. When a force is applied to the sensor,
this resistance decreases. The resistance can be measured by
a multimeter, then applying a force to the sensing area.
Fig. 6: Flowchart using alcohol and force sensor

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 To Detect Driver Drowsiness using Eye Tracking System
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 02/2017/161)

This system will detect a driver drowsiness by detecting eye

blinking speed. As shown in flow chart, if eyes are blinking
normally no warning is issued but when the eyes are closed
for more than half second this system issues warning to the
driver in form of buzzer, parking lights, seat vibration and
automatically shuts the engine off.

VI. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 6: Circuit diagram

VII. CONCLUSIONS
The analysis and design of driver drowsiness detection and
alert system is presented. The proposed system is used to
avoid various road accidents caused by drowsy driving. This
project involves avoiding accident to unconsciousness
through eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is fixed in
vehicle where if driver lose his consciousness, then it alerts
the driver through buzzer to prevent vehicle from accident.
The experimental result shows the validity of the
proposed model for vehicle speed controller under driver
fatigue. Eye based control will be the future of all types of
device control, thus making the operation so comfortable and
much easier with less human presence.

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

This system can be used for security purpose of a driver to
caution the driver if any fire accident or any gas leakage.
The project can be implemented using Raspberry pi
model or using various other sensors such as alcohol sensor
and force sensor. Driver drowsiness detection can also be
implemented using neural network.

REFERENCES
[1] “Driver fatigue and road accidents”, The Royal Society
for the Prevention of Accidents, UK, June 2011, 4 pp.
[2] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/SN_Demidenko/p
ublication/283018835_Eye_tracking_system_to_detect_
driver_drowsiness/links/563286fe08ae911fcd491192.pd
f?origin=publication_detail
[3] ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7066220/7081113/07081194.pd
f
[4] https://www.elprocus.com/mq-135-alcohol-sensor-
circuit-and-working/
[5] https://www.tekscan.com/product-group/embedded-
sensing/force-sensors/
[6] ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7066220/7081113/07081194.pd
f/

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