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Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

B.Sc. Honors Degree

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Information Technology

Final Examination
Year 1, Semester 2 (2019)
June Intake

IE1020- Network Fundamentals

Duration: 2 Hours

June2019

Instructions to candidates:
+ The entire examination is worth 100 marks and contributes 50% towards
the final grade.
+ This is a closed-book examination.
+ This paper contains four (4) questions printed on five (5) pages.
+ Answer all questions on the answer booklets provided.
+ The marks assigned for each part of a question is indicated in brackets.
+ Refer Annex l for additional information (TCP and IP header
information)

1
Question 1 (25 Marks)

1) A user in computer A wants to send and save data in the ftp server running on server B.
Consider how the data from computer A reaches the ftp server, by going through the
layers ofTCP/IP model at A and B.

Assume that the user in computer A is sending 3500 bytes of data. Therefore, 3500
bytes of application layer data will go through the transport layer (header length is 20
bytes), the internet layer (header length is 20 bytes), and the network access layer (MTU
of Ethernet is 1500 bytes).
Describe the fragmentation process at the internet layer. You may use suitable diagrams
to illustrate your answer. Your answer should include followings:
a) Number of fragments (2 marks)
b) Data size of each fragment (3 marks)
c) Each fragment's "Do not fragment" and "More fragments" bit values (3 marks)
d) Each fra6rment's "Fragmentation offset" field value (3 marks)

2) Assume that an organization has decided to use 172.16.0.0 private IP address range.
The organization has four branches, namely Galle, Kandy, Jaffna and Nuwara Eliya.
The network administrator of the organization wants to create 4 subnets of equal sizes,
so that each subnetwork can be used by a single branch.

2
 Design the IP address plan for the subnets. Your answer should include following
details:
a) Network addresses of four subnets. (2 marks)
b) Subnet masks. (2 marks)
c) Number of host addresses in each subnet. (2 marks)
d) First and last usable address in the first subnet. (4 marks)
e) First and last usable address in the fourth subnet. (4 marks)

Question 2 (25 Marks)

1) A TCP client opens a connection with a server using an initial sequence number (ISN)
of 10000. The server party opens the connection with an ISN of 11000.

a) Illustrate the exchange of three TCP segments during the TCP connection
establishment phase.
(3 marks)
b) State the sequence number and the acknowledgement numbers of the TCP segments.
(5 marks)

2) If the server in the above question (Q2 (1 )) is a telnet server, show the values of the
following fields of the TCP header in 'SYN' segment.
a) Source port number ( 1 marks)
b) Destination port number (2 marks)
c) Control bits (3 marks)
d) HLEN (Assume that the length of the TCP header is 24 bytes) (3 marks)

3) Briefly explain the use of the following fields of the IP header:

a) Packet Length (2 marks)

b) Time To Live (TTL) (2 marks)

4) Briefly explain the applications ofUDP protocol. (4 marks)

Question 3 (25 Marks)

1) Briefly explain the MAC address learning process of a switch. You may use suitable
diagrams to illustrate your answer. (5 marks)
2) Briefly explain two forwarding methods used by a switch (4 marks)
3) Briefly explain how we can use both IPv6 and IPv4 addressing schemes at the same
time in a network. (5 marks)
3) Compare distance vector routing and link state routing. (6 marks)

4) Assume that an organization has four branches, namely Galle, Kandy, Jaffna and
Nuwara Eliya. The network administrator of the organization wants to configure
routing for this network. Discuss the suitable routing methods and routing protocols for
this organization. Justify your answer. (5
marks)

Question 4 (25 Marks)

1) Show how the bit pattern 1000111001010101 can be represented using following
encoding methods. You may use suitable diagrams to illustrate your answer.
a) Non Return to Zero Invert (NRZ-I) (3 marks)
b) Non Return to Zero Level (NRZ-L) (4 marks)
c) Differential Manchester Encoding (4 marks)

2) Briefly explain the following modulation methods. You may use suitable diagrams to
illustrate your answer.
a) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) (4 marks)
b) Amplitude Modulation (AM) (4 marks)

3) Briefly explain the following concepts of networking. You may use suitable diagrams
to illustrate your answer.
a) DNS Protocol (3 marks)

b) Network Address Translation (NAT) (3 marks)

4
Annex 1

TCP header

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Soor~ Port ( 113) DesMatiOO Port (16}

~n~ Number (32)

Aclt!lo..viOOgemefl! Number (32)

Heaoor
Rtt~tved (6) Control S;ts (5) Winoow(16)
Lt:fog!h {4)

Che<cksum (16) Urgoot (16}

0pt1011s (0 IX 32 rf any)

Appl1Cdt!OI1 Layer Data (S;ze vanes!

IP header

Version IHL Type of Service Total Length

(4 bits) (4 bits) (8 bits) (16 bits)
Identification Flags Fragment Offset
(16 bits) (3 bits) ( 13 bits)

Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum

(8 bits) (8 bits) (16 bits)

Source Address
(32 bits)

Destination Addl'ess
(32 bits)

Options and Padding

(multiples of 32 bits)