Compressors

Overview and Classification

 Topics
• Theory of gas compression
• Construction and components
• Selection criteria
• Troubleshooting and maintenance
 Compressor Function
• Increase the pressure of a compressible fluid
(gas or vapour).
• different types of compressors can be divided
into two groups
• Intermittent (positive displacement)
• Continuous or dynamic (centrifugal)
Theory
Real cycle
 Multistage compression
Benefits
• Saving in power,
because fo the
reduction in volume
at second stage
suction. (due to
intercooling)
• Sealing duty is less.
 Oil free vs. oil injected
Oil injected compressor Oil free compressor
• The oil is injected inside the • There is no oil injection, and
compressor to lubricate the the compressor elements
moving parts. clearances are adjusted to
• Oil serves for reducing achieve the compression
friction, cooling, sealing and sealing, dry without
between the compressor lubricant.
elements.
DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS
Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors
Impeller types
Multi stage centrifugal
compressor
Vane inlet angle
Axial flow
Axial flow compressors
Combined axial-centrifugal
turbocompressor
 blower
• High volume flow rate
• DP > atm
Blower
 Fan
• Low pressure ratio
• Increased air velocity
Fan
 Nomenclature
• Compressor
• Fan
• Blower
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
• Trunk piston
• Crosshead piston
Trunk piston
Small size
 Crosshead piston
• Compressor Head
• Power frame
Large size
Components
Cutaway view of packing area
Water Cooling
Air cooling
Oil-free piston compressor
Diaphragm Compressor
 Loob Compressor
• Roots blower
• Rotary motion
• Positive displacement
Sliding vane
Scroll Compressor
Screw compressor
Timing gears
Oil injected Screw Compressor
 Oil-Free screw compressor
• Screw elements clearances are adjusted so that it is
sufficient to achieve sealing without need for
lubricant.
OIL-FREE VERSUS OIL-FLOODED TWIN-SCREW
COMPRESSORS
• “oil-free” refers to not having oil in the
compression space
• With timing gears, the machine is defined as a
dry-screw machine.
• Without timing gears, it cannot function as a
dry-screw machine, because the resulting
contact of mating rotors would destroy the
machine
 Atlas Copco GA 110-250
• Brochure
• Instruction Book
• Parts Book
Performance curve
Application ranges of compressor
types
 Flow rate restrictions
• Positive-displacement machines do not have a
surge limitation, which is to say, there is no
minimum throughput requirement for these
compressors.
• In this, they differ from centrifugal
compressors that cannot be operated below a
certain minimum throughput volume