Basic Terms & Operations

Normal Fuzzy Set

A normal fuzzy set is one whose membership function has
at least one element x0 in the universe where its
membership function equals to one.

 
1 A (x 0 )  1 1 A (x 0 )  1

A normal fuzzy x Subnormal fuzzy x

 Basic Terms & Operations

Equality of Fuzzy Sets

Two fuzzy sets are said to be equal if their membership

functions are equal everywhere in the universe of
discourse, that is

AB if  A (x)   B (x)

 Basic Terms & Operations

Union of Two Fuzzy Sets

The union of two fuzzy sets A and B defined over the
same universe of discourse X is a new fuzzy set AB
also on X with membership function which is the
maximum of the grades of membership function of
every x to A and B:

AB (x)  A (x)  B (x)  max(A (x),B (x))

Basic Terms & Operations

Union of Two Fuzzy Sets

 AB ( x )   A ( x )   B ( x )


A B

x
 Basic Terms & Operations

Union of Two Fuzzy Sets

Example

 1 0.5 0.3 0.2 

A    
2 3 4 5 
 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 
B    
 2 3 4 5 
Find: A B
 Basic Terms & Operations

Union of Two Fuzzy Sets

Exercise

 1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0 

D1       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
 1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0 
D2       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
Find: D1  D2
 Basic Terms & Operations

Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets

The intersection of two fuzzy sets A and B is a new

fuzzy set AB also on X with membership function
which is the minimum of the grades of membership
function of every x in X to the sets A and B:

AB(x)  A (x) B(x)  min(A (x),B(x))

Basic Terms & Operations

Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets

 A B ( x )   A ( x )   B ( x )


A B

x
 Basic Terms & Operations

Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets

Example

 1 0.5 0.3 0.2 

A    
2 3 4 5 
 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 
B    
 2 3 4 5 
Find: A B
 Basic Terms & Operations

Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets

Example

 1 0.5 0.3 0.2 

A    
2 3 4 5 
 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 
B    
 2 3 4 5 
Find: A B
 Basic Terms & Operations

Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets

Exercise
 1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0 
D1       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
 1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0 
D2       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
Find: D1  D2
 Basic Terms & Operations

Complement of a Fuzzy Set

The complement of a fuzzy set A is a new fuzzy set A
also on X with membership function:
 A (x)  1   A (x)

A
A

x
 Basic Terms & Operations

Complement of a Fuzzy Set

Example
 1 0.5 0.3 0.2 
A    
2 3 4 5 
 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 
B    
 2 3 4 5 
Find: A, B
 Basic Terms & Operations

Complement of a Fuzzy Set

Exercise
 1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0 
D1       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
 1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0 
D2       
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 
Find: D1 , D2
 Basic Terms & Operations

Power of a Fuzzy Set

The  power of A is a new fuzzy set A, with membership

function

 A  ( x )   A ( x )

 Basic Terms & Operations

Power of a Fuzzy Set

Example
 1 0.5 0.3 0.2 
A    
2 3 4 5 
 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 
B    
 2 3 4 5 
Find: 2 1/ 2
A B
 Basic Terms & Operations

Power of a Fuzzy Set

CON (concentration)

 A 2 ( x )   CON A  ( x )   A ( x )
2
 Basic Terms & Operations

Power of a Fuzzy Set

DIL (dilatation)

 A1 / 2 ( x )   DILA  ( x )   A ( x )
Basic Terms & Operations

Linguistic Variables
Basic Terms & Operations

Linguistic Hedges and Operators

Basic Terms & Operations

Linguistic Hedges and Operators

 Basic Terms & Operations

Example
Suppose we have a universe integers, Y={1,2,3,4,5}. We
define the following linguistic terms as a mapping onto Y:
1 .8 .6 .4 .2 
' Small '       
1 2 3 4 5 
 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 
' L arg e'       
 1 2 3 4 5
Find: very small, not very small, not very small and not
very large, very large
 Linguistic Variables & Values

Example
Ship age is defined as follows:
 0 .1 .3 .5 .7 .9 .1 
'Old '         
 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 
 1 .9 .7 .5 .3 .1 .0 
'Young '         
 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 
Find: very old, very old or very young, not very old
and more or less young