Countable nouns

Some nouns refer to things which, in English, are treated as separate items
which can be counted. These are called countable nouns. Here are some
examples:

a car, three cars

my cousin, my two cousins

a book, a box full of books

a city, several big cities

Singular and plural

Countable nouns can be singular or plural. They can be used with a/an and
with numbers and many other determiners (e.g. these, a few):

Shes got two sisters and a younger brother.

Most people buy things like cameras and MP3-players online these days.

These shoes look old now.

Ill take a few magazines with me for the flight.

Uncountable nouns

In English grammar, some things are seen as a whole or mass. These are
called uncountable nouns, because they cannot be separated or counted.

Some examples of uncountable nouns are:

Ideas and experiences: advice, information, progress, news, luck, fun, work

Materials and substances: water, rice, cement, gold, milk

Weather words: weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow

Names for groups or collections of things: furniture, equipment, rubbish,

luggage
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

How do we make the Present Continuous tense?

The structure of the Present Continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary be + main verb

conjugated in Present Simple

am, are, is present participle (-ing)

The auxiliary verb (be) is conjugated in the Present Simple: am, are,
is

The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -ing

For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and
the main verb.

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary

verb.

Look at these example sentences with the Present Continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

+ I am speaking to you.

+ You are reading this.

- She is not staying in London.

 subject auxiliary verb main verb

- We are not playing football.

? Is he watching TV?

? Are they waiting for John?

continuous verbs
To make continuous verbs add -ing to the base verb:

do becomes doing
ask becomes asking

silent 'e'
When the verb ends with a silent e, drop the e and add -ing:

make becomes making

take becomes taking

one-syllable verbs
For short, one-syllable verbs, that end with consonant + vowel +
consonant (CVC), we must double the last consonant and then add -
ing:

swim becomes swimming

run becomes running

w, x and y
For words that end w, x and y, do not double the last consonant;
just add -ing:

enjoy becomes enjoying

study becomes studying

two-syllable words
When words have two or more syllables ending in CVC, you must
double the last consonant if the last syllable is stressed. When the
last syllable is not stressed, just add -ing.
The last syllable is stressed:
commit becomes committing

The last syllable is not stressed:

whisper becomes whispering

-ie verbs
For verbs that end in -ie, change the ie to y before adding -ing:

die becomes dying