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Republic of the Philippines

CAMILING CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Arellano St., Pob. B, Camiling, Tarlac, 2306
Tel. No: (045) – 9340 – 151
camcs1964@yahoo.com

ASSESSMENT ON THE DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

PLAN IN CACAMILINGAN SUR, CAMILING, TARLAC:
A QUALITATIVE STUDY

In partial fulfilment of requirements

in Practical Research 1

Domingo, George Daniel Juan

Esteban, Jay Aleister Mari
Feliciano, Kent Ysaac Pacis
Felix, Angel Rosario
Ibarra, Ritchelle Ann Bunsay
Macaraeg, Jhesel Anne Daypo
Martin, Flor Biane Dela Cruz
Ragus, Leigh Angeli Macadamia
Sia, Kim Agustin

February 2024
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

A disaster is a sudden event that causes great damage, not only to society but also

to its surroundings and environment. The damage caused by a disaster is limitless

because it is unpredicted, it will happen unexpected. The people that affected in a disaster

is possible severely injured or even worse face the danger of death. Some examples of

disasters are the earthquake, flood, drought, fire, typhoon and etc. Although they might

be sudden and limited, disasters are frequently extensive and protracted. They might be

more than a community can handle, necessitating outside help from nearby authorities or

at the national or international levels. Although disaster and emergency are frequently

used synonymously, emergencies can also refer to dangerous situations that do not

interfere with a community's ability to function. To address the effects of disasters on a

community or civilization, outside resources could be required. Disasters are known to

cause serious disruptions that can alter the functioning of a community that exceeds its

capacity using its own resources to be able to cope up. Disasters can be caused by natural

events; it could be man-made and its technological hazards and other various factors that

can influence the state of exposure or the vulnerability of a community. Disasters,

triggered by various hazards, pose significant risks and severity to communities. The

frequency, complexity, and severity of these impacts are expected to rise due to factors

like climate change, displacement, conflict, rapid urbanization, technological hazards,

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and public health emergencies. However, preventing disasters requires preparing

communities, reducing risks, and fostering resilience.

The total effect of a disaster, including both positive and negative effects, is the

total destruction of physical assets and disruption of basic services in the affected area.

This includes the loss of life, injuries, and diseases, which can have both positive and

negative impacts on the affected area's physical, mental, and social well-being. The total

effect of a disaster is crucial in assessing the extent of the damage caused. Disasters can

have short-term and long-term effects, such as population recovery, mortality, economic

collapse, and society disintegration. Disasters can cause societal discontent, blaming,

capital destruction, land loss, and economic instability in the early aftermath.

Reconstruction of the economy, changes in the population, reform, and social

transformations are examples of long-term structural effects. It is important to evaluate

the aggregate and distributive levels of disasters since they might be used to the

advantage of a particular population group. Depending on the kind, extent, and size of the

impacted area, disasters can have a significant effect on the nutritional health of the

affected people. While hurricanes, floods, and tsunamis immediately affect food

availability by devastating crops, killing cattle, and destroying stored food, earthquakes

have little effect on long-term food supplies. Food stores can become even more

disorganized due to disruptions in communications, transportation, social, and economic

routines, which will restrict the impacted population's access to vital nutrients.

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Republic Act No.

10121 is an act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

system, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
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and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,

appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes and was approved by the late

president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on February 1, 2010.

The goal of the researchers was to help the community in the Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac to implement some disaster risk reduction plan and disaster readiness

whenever there will be disaster occurs. They should anticipate whenever there are

disaster occurs. Before, during and after the disasters they should expect that there are

might second wave of the disaster, therefore they need to prepare and careful at all cost.

Being prepared for disasters will be beneficial for the residents for it will prevent

immense losses. The people in the area of Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac should be

more prepared because they are the ones who are often affected by some disasters. Their

preparedness for disasters will diminish the damages impacted to their homes that will

lessen their burden of the causes of disasters.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to have an assessment on the disaster readiness and risk reduction

plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac, this research answered the following:

1. How may the demographic profile of the selection be described in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender; and

1.3 years of residence?

2. How may the experience of the selections in different disasters be described in terms

of:
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2.1 earthquake;

2.2 flood;

2.3 drought;

2.4 fire; and

2.5 typhoon?

3. How may the disaster readiness and risk reduction plan of Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac be described in terms of:

3.1 implementation; and

3.2 effectivity?

4. What are the practices that the selection does to prepare for disaster in connection to

their disaster readiness and risk reduction plan?

5. How may the community prepare when there are unanticipated events?

6. What are the strategies that can be employed to strengthen disaster preparedness of

the selection?

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to find out the how the residence in

Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac manage Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan

in the following objectives:

1. To determine the demographic profile of resident in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling,

Tarlac in terms of name, age and years of residence;

2. To determine the experience of the selections in different disasters that can be

described in terms of earthquake, flood, drought, fire and typhoon;

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3. To determine the disaster readiness and risk reduction plan of Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac be described in terms of implementation and effectivity;

4. To identify the practices that the selection does to prepare for disaster in connection

to their disaster readiness and risk reduction plan;

5. To determine the community prepares when there are unanticipated events;

6. To identify the strategies that can be employed to strengthen disaster preparedness of

the selection.

Significance of the Study

To the Barangay Officials. This study will have an impact on the barangay

officials so that they have enough knowledge to handle disaster readiness and implement

a risk reduction plan to reduce the damage that the disaster causes.

To the Community. This study is essential for enhancing community safety and

can benefit by gaining insights into the preparedness in the face of possible disasters.

To the Future Researchers. The study on disaster readiness and risk reduction

plan will provide future researchers with valuable insights to further improve community

resilience and disaster preparedness.

To the Government. The result of this study is significant for guiding

government efforts in implementing effective policies and strategies to enhance

community resilience and reduce disaster risks.

To the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. It acts as

the top coordinator of all disaster management and the highest allocator of resources in

the Philippines. It serves as the Presidents’ adviser on disaster preparedness programs,

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disaster operations and rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the government and the

private sector.

To the School. This research will provide them more information about disaster

readiness and risk reduction plan, it’s an additional reference to the library and for the

guidelines of the future researchers.

To the Students. This study is important for helping students learn about the

measures that can be taken to keep communities safe during disasters.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are theoretical interpret

to serve as a common frame of reference.

Assessment. The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of

someone or something. In this study, it refers about gathering all data about related to

disaster readiness and risk reduction plan.

Disaster. An unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that

kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage. By this study, we know how disaster

happen which is unexpected, it can be natural disaster or man-made disaster.

Drought. A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of

water. It refers to dry, hot, and dusty ground that appears in reservoirs, which results a

water shortage.

Earthquake. A weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden

movement of rock materials below the earth's surface. It refers to a disaster that releases

energy that travel through earth’s crust which cause the shaking we feel.
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Effectivity. Power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an

effect. In this study, it is the effectivity of an action that will be implemented.

Fire. Combustion or burning, in which substances combine chemically with

oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke. When a

flammable substance is exposed to sufficient heat and oxygen, it may start burning.

Flood. An overflowing or irruption of a great body of water over land not usually

submerged. It refers to when heavy rain falls over, causing a river or stream to overflow

onto the surrounding area.

Implementation. An execution or practice of a plan, a method or any design,

idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. It refers that some of

the risk reduction plans can be implemented, especially when they are effective and have

a better plan.

Plan. Something that you intend to do or achieve. By this study, the society can

plan or prepare in advance on what should they do to avoid getting in danger when the

disaster is occurring.

Readiness. The state of being ready or prepared for something. In this study,

being prepared before, during and after disaster in necessary.

Risk Reduction. The process of identifying financial risks and planning ways of

reducing those risks. In this study, disaster is inevitable but we can do something to

reduce the disaster especially the man-made disaster.

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Plan. Something that you intend to do or achieve. By this study, the society can

plan or prepare in advance on what should they do to avoid getting in danger when the

disaster is occurring.

Typhoon. A tropical cyclone is a generic term used by meteorologists to describe

a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or

subtropical waters and has closed, low-level circulation. It occurs when winds sweep over

warm water in some oceanic areas. This generates pressure, which accelerates the wind's

pace.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Reading of related literature and studies has its beneficial goals. It gives the

researchers and those who read the chapter new ideas and theories that refresh and

enhance their professional growth. This chapter presents the readings, articles, and

studies which have bearing the study.

Related Literature

The data that was gathered from United Nations Office for Disasters Reduction

(UNDRR) Prevention Web (2015), disaster management primarily focused on emergency

response. However, in the late 20th century, it became evident that while hazards may be

natural, disasters are not inherently so. Since we can't control natural hazard severity, the

primary strategy for risk reduction involves addressing underlying drivers like poor

economic choices, urban development, environmental degradation, poverty, inequality,

and climate change. Efforts to limit adverse impacts involve actions such as constructing

flood defenses, stabilizing slopes with tree planting, and enforcing strict land use and

construction codes. Capacity building is crucial for effective anticipation, response, and
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recovery from hazards, encompassing activities like installing early warning systems,

identifying evacuation routes, and preparing emergency supplies. As governments focus

on managing financial risks, they must invest in gathering and sharing risk information,

ensuring transparency. Individuals, governments, and businesses tend to overlook low-

probability losses, hesitant to invest in Disaster Risk Management (DRM). This

perception persists, with disaster reduction seen as less critical than fiscal stability,

unemployment, or inflation.

Constructing a holistic approach to disaster risk reduction: the significance of

focusing on vulnerability reduction of Palliyaguru, et al. (2014), as a result of the

increase in natural disaster losses, policy-makers, practitioners, and members of the

research community around the world are seeking effective and efficient means of

overcoming or minimizing them. Although various theoretical constructs are beneficial to

understanding the disaster phenomenon and the means of minimizing losses, the disaster

risk management process becomes less effective if theory and practice are set apart from

one another. Consequently, this paper seeks to establish a relationship between two

theoretical constructs, ‘Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)’ and ‘vulnerability reduction’,

and to develop a holistic approach to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) with particular

reference to improving its applicability in practical settings. It is based on a literature

review and on an overall understanding gained through two case studies of post-disaster

infrastructure reconstruction projects in Sri Lanka and three expert interviews in Sri

Lanka and the United Kingdom.

For well-informed decision-making and coordinated action, disaster risk reduction

policy and practice require knowledge. However, in disaster research and policy
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programs by Weichselgartner and Pigeon (2015), knowledge development and

application are frequently disregarded. Although knowledge-related concerns are

addressed in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, there is a

lack of funding allocated to enhancing knowledge management systems. Coherence and

coordination of knowledge can be increased by stepping up efforts to comprehend the

relationships among disaster risk, knowledge, and learning, as well as by focusing

incentives and political support.

Since disasters are occurring on an increasing basis in the world, nurses must be

well-prepared to respond to them in order to lessen the negative effects on the impacted

people. Evidence reveals that nurses lack sufficient education for disaster response,

despite an increase in efforts to prepare them for emergencies. Disaster-related training

and prior experience responding to crises are two things that improve one's preparedness

for disaster response. Nonetheless, a great deal of knowledge suggests that nurses are ill-

prepared and uncertain when it comes to handling emergencies. The findings of the

review of Labrague, et al. (2018), add to the increasing body of information about nurses'

readiness for emergencies and have implications for higher education, hospital

management, and nursing educators. Nurse educators and nurse administrators can use

the review's results as evidence to better educate nurses for disaster response. The

review's conclusions highlight the need of hospitals putting protocols in place to deal

with staff members' lack of readiness. This review also emphasizes how important it is to

conduct additional research and provide realistic catastrophe simulations that closely

resemble real-world scenarios in order to improve the readiness of the nursing workforce.
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In Malawi, where floods frequently pose public health risks, this mixed methods

study evaluated the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) strategy's capacity and

implementation status in the health sector, using flooding in the Nsanje District as a case

study. Data collection from Dewa, et al. (2021), it involved desk reviews and workshops

with key officials from government ministries, national and international development

partners, and academia. The results revealed that Malawi had recently enhanced its

Disaster Risk Management (DRM) institutional frameworks, shifting from reactive to

proactive disaster management. Health sector personnel and structures played essential

roles in designing and implementing Disaster Risk Management (DRM) activities at all

levels. Development partners contributed significantly to strengthening Disaster Risk

Management (DRM) coordination and implementation capacity. The findings underscore

the need for community-level interventions to enhance coordination, planning, and

human resource capacity, aiming to strengthen community disaster resilience and

improve public health.

Based on a certificate of disaster preparedness issued by the Department of

Interior and Local Government (Mohammed, 2018), the city government of Tarlac set up

City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CDRRMC) and City Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO). The City Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management Office's structure has been approved by the City Council, but there is

insufficient funding to fill vacant posts. The City Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Office (CDRRMO) maintains a hazard map for vulnerable barangays, and

their Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction aligns with the city's action plans.
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The city government's presence of community responders demonstrates its assistance in

disaster risk reduction efforts.

The Philippines is one of the countries that has been designated as being

extremely susceptible to natural disasters. As a result, strengthening communities'

resilience to the risk and negative consequences of natural hazards is critical for reducing

vulnerability and managing catastrophes. As studied by Agustin and Cabansag (2023),

proper prevention and management of risks can lead to a safer community and

environment. It indicates that every country's long-term development goals should

include disaster risk reduction.

As stated by Domingo (2018), evaluating disaster risk preparedness within

specific local government units and exploring issues related to local governance and

disaster risk management are important. Recognizing that local governments hold direct

control over their constituents and are expected to address community needs, this

research underscores their pivotal role before, during, and after a natural disaster.

As mentioned by Yusay and Caelian (2022), the efficiency of local governments

in disaster risk reduction is strongly related to their compliance with legal regulations,

which is determined by their nature. One of the primary functions of the local

government is to assist the community after a crisis. This covers local institutions that

have a significant impact on community responses to catastrophes and climate threats.

They assist in determining the effects of the consequences, developing families' capacity

to respond and change activities, and mediating various external interventions.

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In the study of Perez (2018), the focus was on finding the best ways for law

enforcement officials to communicate with the public during natural disasters. They

looked at social media, radio, and word-of-mouth as communication channels. The study

took place in a large county in Virginia and involved a survey of 25 community leaders

and interviews with 10 local governance and law enforcement members. The researchers

used NVivo software for thematic analysis and examined open-access governmental and

law enforcement websites. They found six important themes: involving the public,

making public information available, being proactive, collaborating with stakeholders,

having a proper emergency management system, and avoiding miscommunications. The

results are important for local government officials and law enforcement leaders to

consider when planning communication strategies for natural disasters, helping them to

organize the community and reduce damage.

The literature that gathered has a significant on the study “Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac: A

Qualitative Study” which is to help all the residents to prevent disaster like being

prepared at all cost and have a risk reduction plan when there are unexpected events that

we can’t control. On the literature that gathered, there are ways on how they prevent an

unpredicted disaster by seeking effective means of overcoming this. It requires

knowledge to be prepared and uncertain when it comes to handling emergencies.

Related Studies

A. Foreign

The studies of Deng, et al. (2022) entitled “The Independent and Synergistic Impacts

of Power Outages and Floods on Hospital Admissions for Multiple Diseases” the impacts
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of floods and power outages on hospitals have shown significant effects of floods and

power outages on health in New York State. These disasters, which are increasingly

common, have both independent and synergistic effects on 2cardiovascular diseases,

chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and food-/water-borne diseases. The

study found that the rate ratios for the co-occurrence of PO and floods were highest,

followed by PO alone and then floods alone. The risk association was stronger among

females, whites, older adults, and uninsured people but not statistically significant.

Improving power system resiliency could alleviate hospital burden during co-occurring

floods. The study of Deng, et al. is relevant to the current study of Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. In

this study, it gives emphasis to the effects of floods and power outages on hospitals which

cause health problems to people in the State of New York State. Both studies aim to

know what the community does in order to be independent by self-sustaining especially

when unfortunate things happen during the disasters.

As indicated by Lee, et al. (2020) on their study titled “Water-Related Disasters and

their Health Impacts: A Global Review” it reveals that the health impacts of disasters,

such as floods and droughts, are not well understood. The Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs) indicator framework, which lacks multifactorial disease and mental health

risk factors, overlooks the severe consequences of these events. The study suggests that

health must be included in resilience-building initiatives at individual, community, and

national levels. Further implementation research of the Sendai Framework and disaster

risk reduction efforts can contribute to developing a broader concept of health resilience.

In this study it has significant to the current study of Assessment on the Disaster
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Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. The study of

Lee, et al. (2020) states about the health impacts of disasters that was overlooked by the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and it arise the severe consequences and they

suggest that health must be included to develop a broader concept of health resilience.

The comparison to the cited study and present study was to understand how individuals

prepared to minimize the casualties that risk their safety during disasters.

The study of flood risk assessment and resilience strategies for flood risk

management examines the impact of urbanization on flood risk and economic losses in

Surat, Gujarat, India. The study of Waghwala and Agnihotri (2019) entitled “Flood Risk

Assessment and Resilience Strategies for Flood Risk Management: A Case Study of

Surat City” it reveals a shift from low urbanization to high urbanization patterns,

indicating a lack of flood water management. The study suggests using Geographic

Information System (GIS) tools to create flood management maps, aiming to reduce and

transfer flood risk, enhancing flood resilience in flood-prone regions. The study of

Waghwala and Agnihotri (2019) is similar to the current study Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. The

study focusing to reduce and transfer flood risk by enhancing flood resilience in flood-

prone regions. Both studies aim to reduce risks but the current study does not indicate

anything about food resilience.

As mentioned by Izumi (2019) in their study titled “Disaster Risk Reduction and

Innovations” Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has seen the development of many creative

methods and instruments; nevertheless, the most successful DRR inventions are still

unknown. To choose the best Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) inventions, a survey was
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given to individuals from the government, business, Non-Governmental Organization

(NGO), and academic institutions. The most votes were cast for risk management and

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) centered in the community. Innovative approaches

considered half of the top ten list, indicating that both goods and approaches are widely

acknowledged as innovations that help conventional and current Disaster Risk Reduction

(DRR) better as they take on new issues. The following steps are suggested in order to

improve the development and implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

innovations as well as the interfaces between science, technology, and policy making:

expanding collaboration with researchers and practitioners; maintaining all the sharing of

innovation case studies; enhancing stakeholder dialogue and communication through

efficient national and local platforms; and realizing that innovations are not just high-tech

products but also approaches. It can enhance current strategies and capacities for Disaster

Risk Reduction (DRR). In the study of Izumi (2019), he had indicated many times the

innovative approaches indicating good approaches to disaster risk reduction

implementation and also, it can enhance current strategies and capacities. In this current

study is about Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in

Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. Both studies want to improved techniques to reduce

risks and think out of a way on what they’ll do during disasters.

Despite a tragedy, communities can continue functioning normally and successfully

adapt. Norris, et al. (2008) study entitled “Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory

Set of Capacities and Strategy for Disaster Readiness” provide a theory of resilience that

includes modern concepts of stress, adaptability, wellness, and resource dynamics,

drawing on literature from an array of research fields. The process of connecting a

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network of resources with dynamic qualities, or adaptable capacities, to adaption

following an occurrence or difficulties has been referred to as community resilience.

When mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life are at high and

consistent levels, population wellness a measure of community adaptability is evident.

Economic development, social capital, information and communication, and community

competence are the four main sets of adaptive capacities from which community

resilience arises. These sets of capacities generally offer a plan for a disaster

preparedness. Communities must lower risk and resource gaps, involve locals in

mitigation efforts, forge organizational ties, strengthen and preserve social supports, and

prepare for the unplanned. All of these tasks call for adaptability, decision-making

abilities, and reliable information sources that can continue to operate in the face of

uncertainty. The study of Norris, et al. (2008) states that communities can continue

normally and successfully adapt and these sets of capabilities generally offer a plan for a

disaster preparedness. In the current study about the Assessment on the Disaster

Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac address what

they should do before, during, and after a disaster. Both studies aim to have a plan when

disaster strike because disaster is a sudden event or a natural catastrophe that we can’t

predict that easily.

The capacity to prepare for a disaster is linked to various contextual factors and

frequently crosses multiple unfair domains, such as institutional and sociodemographic

divisions. Fewer studies have looked at the link between housing insecurity and readiness

for disasters, despite the fact that numerous studies have looked into the relationship

between housing insecurity and unfavorable outcomes following a disaster. According to

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Rao, et al. (2023) entitled “Social and Structural Vulnerabilities: Associations with

Disaster Readiness” readiness and social and structural vulnerabilities are closely related.

It has been suggested that social vulnerability and housing insecurity have both direct and

additive effects on the variable that is dependent. Fifty-seven percent of people lacked

access to food, water, emergency supplies, and a vehicle. It became clear that secure and

high-quality housing was necessary for households to be readier. Moreover, the

association between readiness and certain social vulnerability variables was tempered by

unstable housing. The study assists in determining the best places to focus research

funding and resources in order to lessen multiple vulnerabilities prior to a disaster.

Encouraging disaster preparedness, response, and climate action at the top of policy

agendas is essential for ensuring climate and environmental justice, as well as safe and

affordable housing. The result of the study of Rao, et al. (2023) states the slackness

access of people to food, water resources, emergency supplies and also a vehicle. But the

current study determines the Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac is to lessen the prior to a disaster.

Corresponding to the cited study and the current study, both aims for the finest to the

communities.

Alfieri, et al. (2018) study entitled “A Global Network for Operational Flood Risk

Reduction” millions of people in developing nations are impacted by riverine flooding

every year as a result of widespread population exposure in floodplains and a deficiency

of effective flood prevention measures. Reducing the danger of flooding can be achieved

through preparation and monitoring. Modern technologies are able to identify and track

severe flood events on a worldwide scale by using numerical hydrological and

 20

meteorological forecasts along with satellite remote sensing. The Global Flood

Partnership (GFP), a global network of scientists, users, and corporate and public

organizations involved in global flood risk management, is discussed in this paper as it

begins to take shape. At the moment, several Global Flood Partnership (GFP) member

institutes routinely exchange the findings from their experimental products, which are

designed to forecast and track the location and timing of flooding events in almost real-

time which has been in the study of Alfieri, which was entitled as a global network for

operational flood risk reduction. Global Flood Partnership (GFP) flood ware been utilized

multiple times by humanitarian aid agencies and national environmental agencies to

support emergency operations and lessen the overall socioeconomic effects of disasters.

In order to supplement and enhance the present global flood risk management for large-

scale disasters, this article describes a variety of global flood products created by Global

Flood Partnership (GFP) partners. We also talk about the difficulties that still need to be

overcome in order to merge the experimental products already in use into a platform for

managing flood risks, which will enhance global flood resilience and enable quick access

to flood information. The study of Alfieri, et al. (2018) includes a global network

scientist that enhances global flood resilience and enable access to flood information. On

the other hand, the Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in

Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac have different objectives, it focuses on the

preparedness of the community during any disaster, not just flood. Both studies aim about

reducing the danger of disasters life.

Conforming to Cardona and Carreno (2011) entitled “Updating the Indicators of

Disaster Risk and Risk Management for the Americans” the Institute of Environmental
 21

Studies (IDEA in Spanish) of the National University of Colombia, Manizales, has

developed a transparent, robust, and representative system of indicators to enhance

disaster risk management performance in Latin America and the Caribbean. Between

2003 and 2005, a system of indicators that is simple for public policymakers to

understand and update on a regular basis was created to convey risk to decision makers in

their own language and to facilitate cross-national comparison and clustering. The Inter-

American Development Bank (IDB) helped in the development of the indicators. Four

composite indicators have been developed to illustrate the key components of

vulnerability and the degree of risk management advancement in each nation. The

"Disaster Deficit Index" is what they are the "Risk Management Index," the "Prevalent

Vulnerability Index," and the "Local Disaster Index." These metrics show the

institutional, developmental, and organizational steps made to lessen losses and

vulnerabilities in order to effectively prepare for crises and recover from disasters. Thus,

the system of indicators addresses various aspects of the risk problem by considering

things like potential losses and damages from extreme events; repeat disasters or losses;

social and environmental factors that make certain nations or regions more vulnerable to

disasters; the ability of the economy to recover; the functioning of essential services;

institutional capacity and the efficiency of fundamental risk management tools (like risk

identification, financial mechanisms, risk transfer, and prevention and mitigation

measures); emergency response levels; and preparedness and recovery capacity. In 2008,

the indicators were updated and a methodological assessment was conducted. As

information became available, indicators were updated to reflect both 2005 and the most

recent date (2007 or 2008). Furthermore, new nations were added to the program. This
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has made it possible to compare the countries of the Americas quantitatively and

methodically throughout several time periods between 1980 and 2008. This document

outlines the existing approaches for every index and provides examples of the outcomes

in each scenario. The study of Cardona and Carreno (2011) has an impact because they

conduct organizational step to lessen losses for effectively prepare for an unexpected

disaster and addresses various aspects of risk problem. The current study about

Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac aims the risk preparedness and enough knowledge for the communities.

On the other hand, both studies point that they should always have back-up plan when

disaster occurs.

In line with Afkham, et al. (2022) their study titled “Balancing Traffic Low in the

Congested Mass Self Evacuation Dynamic Network under Tight Preparation Budget: An

Australian Bushfire Practice” is an emergency response operation's ability to successfully

prepare for disasters is greatly influenced by its funding. In order to strike the best

balance between the preparation budget and evacuation congestion, this study offers a

novel bi-level model for discrete network design challenges involving mass self-

evacuation. The significance of incorporating non-compliance behavior in evacuation is

considered in this model. The goal of the suggested model is to use the greatest capacity

of a dynamic transportation network, in which many roads become unusable as the

bushfire develops, to create an evacuation network with the least amount of traffic

disruption. The results of this study help disaster management agencies choose which

routes and shelters are most appropriate for use during an evacuation, considering the

road's access orders. The suggested method addresses the final four. Conducted by
 23

Afkham, et al. (2022) is to be prepared and alert in case of emergency. In order to be

safe, it is to guide disaster management agent. The current study of Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac, the

researchers collect information that can help for this study to be aware about the

situation. The cited study and current study aim for the protection of every individual

during disaster suddenly take place.

One of the most dangerous natural disasters that can occur anywhere in the world and

quickly have a catastrophic impact on property and human life is flooding. The use of

remote sensing equipment is growing in importance for tracking and evaluating the risks

and susceptibility to natural disasters. Using Yemen as a case study of Zhang, et al.

(2022) entitled “Assessment Analysis of Flood Susceptibility in Tropical Desert Area: A

Case Study of Yemen” the proposed research project examines flood susceptibility

assessment analysis in a tropical desert setting. As input data for four Machine Learning

(ML) methods, the basis data for this study were gathered and arranged from

meteorological, satellite image, remote sensing, vital geographic, and other data sources.

Sentinel-1 pictures and RS data were utilized in this study to identify regions inside the

study area that had flooded. Additionally, we performed flood detection and Sentinel-1

image processing using the Sentinel application platform. In the study of Zhang, et al.

(2022) is they uses Yemen as a case study, they gathered and arranged all the data

resources they collect from the data in machine learning. In our current study on

Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac is gathering information from the studies and collect data from the

residents in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac as they are one of the victims of
 24

disasters. Both studies want to know what the community does to prevent injury during a

disaster.

B. Local

As stated by Domingo and Manejar (2018) entitled “Disaster Preparedness and Local

Governance in the Philippines” the significant number of fatalities, demographic shifts,

and financial consequences from recent events involving disasters continue to highlight

the need for increased preparedness. Policy must be evaluated, institutional setups must

be examined, and problems with resource mobilization must be resolved. Republic Act

No. 10121 has to be enhanced and supported by functional department policy to be aptly

cascaded. Alignments between planning and policy also must be improved horizontally

within local communities as well as from the national to subnational levels. The study of

Domingo and Manejar (2018) is relevant to the current study of Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness on the Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac.

Their study focuses on number of fatalities, demographic shifts and financial

consequences from recent events involving disasters, highlighting the need for increased

preparedness. While the current study focuses on the knowledge of the residents about

disasters awareness and preparedness.

In the study of Corpuz (2019) entitled “Disaster Risk Management Practices and

Readiness among Selected Schools in City of Biñan, Laguna, Philippines” the calamities

can strike anywhere at home, at work, or at school—everyone needs to be ready. Plans

for disasters have to be implemented in order to decrease the impact of disasters on

people's lives in particular. This correlation is descriptive. Thirty (30) schools in Laguna's

City of Biñan participated in the study. There is a high degree of adoption of earthquake-
 25

specific disaster risk management techniques, extensive application of disaster risk

management techniques for fires and floods, and high level of readiness for calamities.

Schools with a hectare of land and exhibited a greater degree of earthquake-related

disaster risk management practice application. Exclusive educational institutions and the

level of disaster risk management practice adoption for fires was higher in those with

land areas between one and two hectares. The study of Corpuz (2019) is relevant to the

current study of Assessment on the Disaster Readiness on the Risk Reduction Plan in

Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac. This study plans for disasters in order to decrease the

impact of disasters on people's lives. While our study focuses on level of knowledge

about disasters preparedness of the residents at Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac.

The study aligned with Maminta (2019) entitled “Level of Awareness on Disaster

Preparedness” they examined the residents' level of awareness regarding disaster

preparedness of Iligan City, Buru-un, and Mimbalot. The community, the school, and the

stakeholders were taking part in this undertaking. The Purok Presidents and Enablers who

made the survey possible were instructed on the proper conduct of the survey. Data

collecting began with the giving inhabitants utilizing a survey created by the researcher

and written in their native tongue. (Sinugbuanong Bisaya) to ensure comprehension. The

project's procedures begin with gathering, reporting the results of the data analysis.

Following data collection and analysis, the outcome showed that the presence of trees can

make respondents susceptible, and that more than half of them lack hotlines, kits, and

emergency exits. The study of Maminta (2019) is relevant to the current study of

Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac. Both studies aim for the level of awareness, but the other focuses on
 26

the residents of Iligan City, Buru-un, and Mimbalot, the outcome of the study of Maminta

shows that the trees can make respondents susceptible and more than half of them are

lack of hotlines, kits and emergency exits. In contrast, the current study wants to know

how ready the residents of Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac if they encounter the

disasters.

The data collection of Soriano (2019) entitled “Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge

among local people in a Selected Community in the Philippines” natural catastrophe risk

has been rated as extremely high for the Philippines. To lessen susceptibility and manage

disasters, communities' capacities to withstand the risk and negative effects of natural

hazards must be strengthened. The study evaluated the locals' perceptions of the risks

associated with disasters in four areas: preparedness and readiness for disasters,

adaptability to disasters, awareness of disasters, and risk assessment. The 60 individuals

were chosen by convenience sampling method in a descriptive-cross sectional study. The

Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants'

knowledge about disaster risk reduction. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard

deviation, and univariate linear regression were used to evaluate the collected data. The

findings found that the locals in the chosen community have fair knowledge of disaster-

related topics and disaster risk perception, but good understanding of disaster

preparedness and readiness, catastrophe adaptability, and disaster awareness.

Furthermore, the level of awareness on disaster risk reduction was not predicted by age,

sex, civil status, or education. In conclusion, the good degree of awareness about disaster

risk reduction among the locals in the chosen community is proof positive that the

disaster education activities in the Philippines are adequate. The study of Soriano (2019)
 27

is relevant to the current study of Assessment of Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. The study of Soriano evaluated local’s

perception of risks associated with disasters in four areas; preparedness and readiness for

disaster, adaptability to disasters, awareness of disasters and assessment. While the

current study only focuses on the readiness of the residents on the stated community.

Both studies aim to know the level of awareness or preparedness of the residents in the

stated communities.

As mentioned by Dariagan, et al. (2020) entitled “Disaster preparedness of local

governments in Panay Island, Philippines” disaster preparedness plans reduce future

damages, but their effectiveness is not necessarily verified. This study used the Stated-

produces Local Government Disaster Preparedness Journal: Mayor’s Minimum Measures

Checklist to assess the natural hazard preparedness of 92 profiles municipalities in the

Central Philippines with a population of 2.4 million. Following the Hyogo Framework for

Action 2005-2015, it assesses their capabilities based on four criteria: systems and

structures, policies and plans, construction knowledge, and equipment and supplies. The

social science statistical package, frequency line, percentage and weighted mean were

used for data analysis. Local governments were found to be highly vulnerable to tropical

cyclones and floods, earthquakes, droughts, and landslides. They were partially prepared

regardless of profiles, but coastal areas, middle income, most populated, least villages

and medium-sized businesses had higher levels of preparedness. Highly vulnerable to

earthquakes and wildfires, people were only partially prepared for floods, deluges,

droughts, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, tsunamis and landslides. The biggest problem

were various attitudes of stakeholders, lack of manpower and poor database management.
 28

Appointment of full-time disaster managers, development of a disaster information

management system, extensive data transfer, organization of village volunteers, inclusion

of disaster management in formal training and mandatory training of civil servants,

preparation for a possible major volcanic eruption and a

comprehensive plan. emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to 360-

degree preparedness. The study of Dariagan, et al. (2020) is relevant to the currents study

of Assessment on the Disaster Preparedness ad Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur,

Camiling, Tarlac. Their study focuses on the disaster preparedness plans reduce future

damaged, it is also used the Stated-Procedures Local Government Disaster Preparedness

Journal. While the current study focuses on the readiness of the residents, in terms of

flood, drought, earthquakes, fire and typhoon. Their survey is their only basis in this

current study. Both aims the preparedness and awareness of the residents on both studies.

The Philippines is considered one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate

disasters due to its geospatial, political, economic and social characteristics. The country

experiences an average of 20 tropical cyclones, also known as typhoons, per year, and

the frequency and scale of these events will only increase with climate change. In the

coastal capital of Manila, climate change combined with rapid and unplanned

urbanization has led to population growth, infrastructure vulnerability and growing

inequality. The purpose of the study of Granström (2020) entitled “Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management in Metro Manila, Philippines” is to assess the current Nation

and National Capital Region (NCR) and Disaster Reduction and Management (DRRM)

frameworks through a case study of the 2020 typhoons: Quinta, Rolly and Ulysses.

Results are presented under four pillars of thematic focus: disaster prevention and
 29

mitigation, preparedness (for immediate response), response and early

recovery, [and] recovery and rehabilitation. It uses the opinions of three key informants

from the Office of Civil Defense (OCD), the Philippine Disaster

Resilience Fund (PDRF), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), as well as various

other perspectives. The results indicate that Disaster Reduction and Management

(DRRM) has evolved since the implementation of Republic Act No. 10121 (R.A.

No. 10121) or the Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act of 2010, but can

still be improved to address the root causes of vulnerabilities. The Researchers use Robert

and Pelling’s (2020) Transformation as Liberation Model as Theoretical Framework to

develop recommendations for policymakers that can help address typhoon vulnerability.

The study of Granström (2020), is relevant to the current study of Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac. The

study of Granström is to assess the current Nation and National Capital Region (NCR)

and Disaster Reduction and Management (DRRM) frameworks through a case study of

the 2020 typhoons. Both studies to develop recommendations for policy makers that can

help those affected by the storm.

The study of Rogayan and Dollete Jr. (2020) entitled “Disaster Awareness and

Preparedness of Barrio Community in Zambales, Philippines: Creating a Baseline for

Curricular Integration and Extension Program” the goal of this cross-sectional descriptive

survey study is to ascertain how well-prepared and knowledgeable the barrio or barangay

communities in Zambales, Philippines' five southern municipalities are for disasters. The

study received responses from 480 locals in total. The majority of respondents, according

to the results, had a moderate awareness of the various disasters that the community was
 30

experiencing. They have a moderate awareness of storm surges and tsunamis, but they

are extremely conscious of typhoons. Regarding the degree of danger, participants

regarded a typhoon as "extremely damaging," whereas they saw a tsunami and storm

surge as "strong." Disaster preparedness is a common practice in the barrio community

for events like earthquakes, powerful typhoons, landslides, fires, floods, and volcanic

eruptions. There is a moderate association between the barrios' residents' levels. The

study of Rogayan and Dollete Jr. (2020) is relevant to the current study of Assessment

on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling

Tarlac. The study of Royagan and Dollete received responses from 480 locals in total.

While the current study only receives response from one community. Both study of

disaster preparedness is a common practice in the barrio community for events like

earthquakes, powerful typhoons, droughts, fires, floods, and earthquakes. There is a

moderate association between the barrio’s residents’ levels.

There is current scientific agreement that the frequency and destructiveness of

climate-related disasters are rising in the study of Gabriel, et al. (2021) entitled

“Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in

Comprehensive Development Planning of the cities in Nueva Ecija in the Philippines”.

As a result, in global governance, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change

Adaptation (CCA) are receiving more and more attention. The Philippine archipelago's

climate unpredictability and the estimated 1.5 ºC global warming make Disaster Risk

Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA) top priority for both national and

local governments. In this study, the researchers evaluated and quantified the extent to

which the five component cities in the Philippine province of Nueva Ecija's
 31

Comprehensive Development Plans (CDPs) mainstreamed Disaster Risk Reduction and

Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA). These are a few of the Central Luzon regions

that are vulnerable to geology and hydrometeorological risks. They gave survey forms to

twenty-five workers from the local government departments in the five components. The

study of Gabriel, et al. (2021) is relevant to current study of Assessment on the Disaster

Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac. There's study

the researchers evaluate and quantified the extent to which the five components’ cities in

the Philippines province of Nueva Ecija's Comprehensive Development Plans (CDPs)

mainstreamed Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA).

Both study they are equally vulnerable to climate-related disasters.

As stated by Cabuga Jr., et al. (2023) entitled “Assessment of Disaster Preparedness

and Related Knowledge Among Senior High Students in Del Pilar National High School,

Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, Philippines” the Department of Education (DepEd)

implements the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

Program. Its purpose was to increase student’s degree and resilience to natural disasters

by integrating Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) into curricula and other

educational programs. This study was conducted to assess disaster preparedness and

knowledge among senior high students of Del Pilar National High School in

Cabadbaran City, with a total of 120 respondents from Grade 11 and 12. A

personalized and modified questionnaire was used for data collection. A five-point Likert

scale was used to rate the responses. Results achieved high disaster preparedness

and disaster knowledge scores with this prepared oral interpretation. This is a

helpful sign that students in the study area were equipped with disaster
 32

management. Results obtained from large participants indicated relevant knowledge,

preparedness and awareness of disasters related to the use of effective, safe and

standardized method. The use of research emphasizes and flexibility in assessing

student’s knowledge of disaster response. Thus, its shared information with students to

improve and maintain disaster preparedness to ensure the safety of school premises. The

study of Cabuga Jr., et al. (2023), is relevant to the current study of Assessment on the

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac. Their

study focuses on implementing disaster preparedness in schools and assessing the

knowledge of their senior high school students. Its purpose was to increase student’s

degree and resilience to natural disasters by integrating Disaster Risk Reduction

Management. it is relevant to the current study because it both focuses on the level of

knowledge of each respondent.

As mentioned by Nacaya, et al. (2023) entitled “An Assessment of the Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation Tasks of the Barangay (Village) Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Committees of the River Basin Communities in Southern Philippines”

climate-related dangers are a phenomenon that requires governments to remain on high

alert at all times. To safeguard their citizens, governments should take action that would

eradicate them or at the very least lessen their effects. Three instruments created by the

researcher were used to collect data for this investigation. The outcomes showed that the

barangay (village) Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committees' (BDRRMCs')

work on disaster mitigation and prevention in the river basin communities had been

partially completed. Overall, the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committees'

(BDRRMCs') performance is largely acceptable. This can be divided into two categories:
 33

the institutionalization of plans and policies and the establishment of structures and

systems. The results also showed that the following Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Committees' (BDRRMC) performances had a highly significant impact:

Punong Barangays' (Heads of Villages) years in school. The study of Nacaya, et al.

(2023), is relevant to the current study of Assessment on the Disaster Readiness on the

Risk Reduction Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling Tarlac. This requires the local

government to remain on high alert at all times and should take actions that would

eradicate them or lessen their effects. While our study focuses on having knowledge

about being prepared to the common disasters, we have at Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling

Tarlac.

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY
 34

This chapter presents the methods and procedures that were used in obtaining the

data and how they were translated in the completion of the study. Generally, it presents

the instruments that were also utilized in gathering the important data, along with the

process that followed in the analysis and interpretation of the data collected. This chapter

presents the research design, sampling techniques, respondents of the study, scope and

delimitation, data gathering instrument, and data gathering procedure.

Research Design

Qualitative research includes questioning participants about personal experiences

they have encountered. Gathering and examining non-numerical data (text, audio, or

video, for example) in order to gain insight into ideas, viewpoints, or experiences. It can

be applied to introduce new concepts for study or obtain an in-depth understanding of an

issue. According to the study of National Library of Medicine of Kim, et al. (2017),

qualitative descriptive research provides information regarding the "who, what, and

where of events or encounters" in a personal approach. This study utilized a qualitative

descriptive research design with a systematic method to data collection. It is the process

of collecting, analyzing, categorizing, and tabulating data on a certain topic. It focuses on

the characteristics of a phenomenon rather than analyzing its underlying causes or

mechanisms. It entails collecting and analyzing data in the form of words, images, or

other non-numerical information. The researchers used qualitative descriptive research

 35

since the study is focused on assessing the disaster readiness and risk reduction plan in

Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. Which recommended that the researchers interact

with each other personally with every decision chosen.

Selection of the Study

There were 10 selections that were involved in this study from Cacamilingan sur,

Camiling, Tarlac. The selections were carefully chosen by the researchers that were

categorized into parents, teenagers, and adults. On the authority of the Municipal in

Camiling, Tarlac that there is a crack or gap where the water falls and a minor

unevenness in the area, which leads to rapid flooding.

Scope and delimitation

The study focuses on assessing the current state of disaster readiness and risk

reduction measures within institutions in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac. Wherein it

aims to identify the perceptions and strategies of the selection in preparing for disasters

limited to common disasters experienced on the locality which includes earthquake,

flood, drought, fire, and typhoon. It also delimits to the research locale of the selections

as well as their perceptions on disaster experienced, preparation, and strategies.

Sampling Design
 36

The purposive sampling quota is that a researcher can reach a target sample

quickly and able to get sample of subject with specific characteristics (Nikolopoulou,

2023). Purposive sampling has a chosen number of people who were chosen that have

expertise. The qualitative study has ten (10) selections that have the ability to detail their

answer honestly.

Data Gathering Instrument

To conduct this certain study, the researchers used a questionnaire as their method

of gathering the necessary data from the selection that is needed for this study as their

main instrument. The questionnaire is utilized to answer the problems of this study to

identify the possible impacts of disasters.

Data Gathering Procedure

The advantage of a face-to-face interview is that it will help them express their

answers. Several questions were prepared by the researchers that aligned with the

gathered literature and studies. The researchers selected 10 people in the selected

barangay to help them find answers. After they gather all the data they need to know, the

researchers will analyze, summarize, and interpret the collected answers from the

selections. Having a large population and therefore a greater statistical power, the ability

to gather large amounts of information and having the availability of validated models.

The main advantage of personal interviews is that they involve personal direct contact

between the interviewers and interviewees. Also, during an interview, the researchers is
 37

using their voice or either video record the event in order to have a reliable and accurate

data after conducting the interview, also when you interviewing someone, they help you

explain, better understand, and explore research subjects' opinions, behavior, experiences,

phenomenon, etc.

APPENDIX E
Interview Guide
Directions: These following interview questionnaires will help the researchers to
their study about the Assessment on the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Plan in Cacamilingan Sur, Camiling, Tarlac: A Qualitative Study. Answer the
following questions.

Name (optional): _______________________________________ Age: ____

Years of Residency: _______________ Gender: ____

INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRES
 38

SOP #2. To determine the experience of the selections in different disasters that can be
described in terms of earthquake, flood, drought, fire and typhoon.
1. What disaster have been experienced or possess risk towards the selection?
Earthquake
Flood
Drought
Fire
Typhoon
If others, please state:
________________________________________________
SOP #3. To determine the disaster readiness and risk reduction plan of Cacamilingan
Sur, Camiling, Tarlac be described in terms of implementation and effectivity.
2. What preparedness did you do when you encounter these kinds of disaster?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Does your barangay implement any plan on how you could possibly do when
disaster strikes? If yes, please state.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. If your barangay did implement a plan about disaster readiness and risk reduction,
is it effective? How? Please state.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
SOP #4. To identify the practices that the selection does to prepare for disaster in
connection to their disaster readiness and risk reduction plan.
5. How prepared are you when a disaster suddenly strikes unpredicted?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 39

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
SOP #5. To determine the community prepares when there are unanticipated events.
6. What preparedness you do when you encounter unanticipated disaster?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
SOP #6. To identify the strategies that can be employed to strengthen disaster
preparedness of the selection.
7. What are the strategies you do when a disaster occurs at your barangay?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 40

BIOGRAPHICAL
SKETCH

The researcher, Domingo George Daniel Juan, is currently 16 years old and was

born on August 31 year 2007 at Ospital ng Makati. He is the son of Jenny O. Juan and

"walang biological tatay". The researcher has 2 siblings and he is the oldest among them,

their family are currently living at Purok Abagatan 2 Bobon 1st Camiling,Tarlac.
 41

He studied at Camiling Central Elementary

School to finish his elementary education there and

later on enrolled at Camiling Catholic School Inc. to

finish his education in Junior Highschool. He is still

studying as a Senior High School student in Camiling

Catholic School Inc. choosing STEM as his selected strand. His dream is to become an

engineer because it is the work ethic that he wants to achieve and use that opportunity to

be successful and enjoy his life.

George Daniel J. Domingo

Researcher

The researcher, Jay Aleister M. Esteban, was born on March 1, 2006, and

currently resides in Sinulatan 2nd, Camiling, Tarlac. He is the youngest son of Loreto

Esteban and the late Carmelita Esteban. His father is a hardworking farmer, and his

loving mother passed away during his childhood. His brother has achieved great success

as a licensed electrical engineer. Jay graduated from Camiling Adventist School from
 42

kindergarten to grade 6 and is currently studying at

Camiling Catholic School Inc., specializing in STEM

(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).

Jay Aleister M. Esteban

Researcher

The researcher, Kent Ysaac Pacis Feliciano was born on the 15th day of

September, year 2007, in the town of Camiling, Province of Tarlac and currently living at

Brgy. Bobon Ist Camiling Tarlac, He is the youngest and loving son of Mr. Isagani N.

Feliciano and Ms. Estrella V. Pacis.

He studied at Camiling Central Elementary School and he finished his elementary

education as a non-honor student. Now, he is currently enrolled at Camiling Catholic

 43

School, Inc., as a Grade 11 Senior High School

student. He loves playing basketball, watching action

films, and listening to music. He has a fear of worms.

His dream is to become a Seaman because his father is

one. He wants to be a great captain on the ship.

Kent Ysaac P. Feliciano

Researcher

In the year 2007, specifically on September 4th, Felix, Angel R., made her

entrance into the world. Her mother, Mrs. Rodalyn Felix, and her father, Mr. Enriqui

Felix, have always been there for her, providing care and support. As the youngest among

her three siblings, Angel grew up in the warm embrace of her family in Purok 2 Barangay

Bacabac, Camiling Tarlac.

 44

Currently, Angel is a student at Camiling

Catholic School, Inc., continuing her education after

successfully completing Junior High School. She has

chosen the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics) strand, recognizing its potential to

shape her future. With a strong determination, Angel envisions herself as a Licensed

Civil Engineer, aspiring to not only provide for her parents but also to serve as a source

of strength and inspiration for others. Guided by the belief that "Fall seven times, stand

up eight," she embraces challenges as opportunities for growth and resilience.

Angel R. Felix
Researcher

The researcher, Ritchelle Ann B. Ibarra was born 13th of November year 2006.

She currently lives in Tuec Camiling, Tarlac. She is the youngest daughter of Romeo

Ibarra and Vicky Ibarra; she has 3 siblings.

She took primary education at Camiling Central Elementary School from kinder

to grade 6 and secondary education at Asian Lexcon School High School from grade 7 to

grade 10. She studies now at Camiling Catholic School, Inc. under the academic strand of
 45

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

(STEM).

Ritchelle Ann B. Ibarra

Researcher

The researcher, Jhesel Anne Macaraeg was born on the 23rd day of December,

year 2006, she lives in Palimbo Caarosipan Camiling, Tarlac. She is the eldest daughter

of Mr. Jhun Philip T. Macaraeg and Mrs. Joanne D. Macaraeg.

She started elementary at the age 7 at A. Pascual Elementary School, before her

4th grade she transferred at Camiling Central Elementary School and she graduated on

April at age of 12. Currently Anne is student at Camiling Catholic School, Inc. She
 46

chooses STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics) as her strand because it's connected to

course that she wants. She was inspired to be a

researcher because she knows sooner that her

knowledge will be used for future subject that she will be

encountering.

Jhesel Anne D. Macaraeg

Researcher

A lovely girl named Flor Biane C. Martin was born on April 25, 2007. She is the

youngest and most attractive daughter of Mr. Quezon A. Martin and Mrs. Mary Jane C.

Martin. She also has a big sister named Fatima C. Martin. Biane is currently living in

Anoling, 3rd Camiling, Tarlac.

 47

She graduated elementary school at Anoling

Elementary School in batches 2018–2019 and received

various awards. She is now studying her junior high

school years at Camiling Catholic School, Inc. She is

currently taking the Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics (STEM) Strand in senior high school because she wants to pursue a

career as a medical technologist and a flight attendant.

One of her hobbies is to travel around the world and see the extraordinary sights

of every country. She focuses on her studies to pursue her dream course; she is stuck

between medical technology and being a flight attendant. But whatever happens in the

future, she is successful because she studies hard and focuses on her dream.

Flor Biane C. Martin

Researcher

Year 2007, 10th day of August, a baby girl entered the world, named Leigh Angeli

M. Ragus. Her parents Mr. Rhodel L. Ragus and Mrs. Mary Cris M. Ragus who’s always

been there supporting and loving her. She is the first born of the Macadamia-Ragus

Family. Their blissful family hails at Purok 6, Brgy. Bamban, San Clemente Tarlac.
 48

Leigh finishes elementary at Christian

Academy of San Clemente Inc. and Junior high school at

San Clemente Central Integrated School STE

Curriculum and since her grade school days she

receives numerous awards. Currently, in her senior

years she is studying at Camiling Catholic School Inc. taking STEM strand following the

steps of her aunt’s who’s currently living abroad and being one of the Nurses at

prestigious Hospital in United Kingdom.

She is a journalist since 7th grade and up to this time, she loves writing. She is

also a chess player at her previous school. Leigh also loves listening to music and reading

a book. She is hoping that next school year she will be part of the writer’s guild. Because

this researcher believes in the saying “If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then

walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving

forward” by Martin Luther King Jr.

Leigh Angeli M. Ragus

Researcher

On March 11, 2007, the researcher Kim A. Sia was born, and she lives in Surgui,

3rd Camiling Tarlac. She is the first daughter of Mrs. Tessie G. Agustin and Mr. Alberto

Y. Sia, and she has a younger brother. She graduated her elementary education at Surgui

Elementary School, and in 2019, she enrolled at Camiling Catholic School Inc. as a 7th
 49

grade student, continuing her education after graduating junior high school. In 11th

grade.

She chose the stem strand to fulfill her dream of becoming a professional

neurosurgeon and make her parents proud. She is currently a member of the performing

guild to boost her confidence. She loves to play the guitar, watch movies, listen to music,

travel, and photograph nature. Her fear is compared by her family and friends.

Kim A. Sia
Researcher