Philippine Christian University

Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2023-2024

MODULE IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE (GRADE 12)

QUARTER 2 - WEEK 4 (DECEMBER 4-7, 2023)

LESSON 4: DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE / POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION

IN THE PHILIPPINES

Name:_VINCENTJADE S.DAGAMAC_______ Strand and Section:_HUMSS 12-O ANTIOCH_Date/Week

No.:__WEEK4____ Score:

TEST YOURSELF
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the 4 choices below (letters only):

a. Barangay b. City c. Municipality d. Province

1. _A__ It is the smallest unit of the local government.

2. _C__ Its legislature is the sangguniang bayan.

3. _B__ It has the largest repository of taxation powers.

4. _D__ It is the highest unit of the local government.

5. _C__ Its legislature is the sangguniang panlalawigan.

6. _C__ Its chief executive is the governor.

7. _C__ It is headed by a chairman.

8. _C__ It has jurisdiction over the Sangguniang Kabataan.

9. _B__ It is classified as urbanized or component.

10. _A__ Its legislative members are called Kagawads.

B. Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the given statement is correct. If incorrect, replace the underlined word/s to
make the statement correct.

TRUE_1. Appointments are the process by which voters select officials who will exercise the powers of

government. TRUE_2. Elections are political exercises.

TRUE_3. Regular elections for president, vice president, senators, members of the House of Representatives, and local
officials are held on the second Monday of May.

TRUE_4. The Commission on Elections is a constitutional commission.

TRUE_5. The 2013 national election was the first to utilize an automated election system.
TRUE_6. A regular election is conducted to select the official who shall serve the unexpired part of the term for which
the incumbent has been elected.

WRITTEN WORK

Name:VINCENTJADE S.DAGAMAC_______ Strand and Section:__HUMSS 12-O ANTIOCH_

Date/Week No.:_______________________________ Score: /30

ESSAY

Direction: Answer the following questions. (5 points each)

NOTE: COPY PASTING FROM THE INTERNET MEANS NO SCORE.

1. Is the barangay still relevant as an institution in the country? What are the advantages and disadvantages of
continuing with this system? Explain your answer by providing personal experiences in your respective
barangays.
2. In light of current social and political conditions in the Philippines, are elections still relevant in the lives of the
people? Are elections in the country considered credible?
3. Is there a need to increase the qualifications of a person desiring to be a candidate for the Philippine presidency?
Justify your answer.
4. From experiences in the past two national elections, were the promises of an automated election system fulfilled?
How does the current automated electoral system in the Philippines facilitate the conduct of credible elections?
5. Is the party-list system still relevant in providing representation to marginalized sectors in society? Do the
criticisms against the system have bases?
6. Should the age qualification of voters be increased or decreased from the present 18 years old?

ANSWER:

1. The benefit is that, provided the barangay chairman and his councilors are serving their communities honestly
and sincerely, the community's voice can now be heard. The drawback is that this unit could be corrupted by
political taint, which is inevitable. The barangay hall also functions as a hub for the local community, frequently
serving as a venue for both transient and permanent services and events. There are frequently the barangay day
care facility, the tanods' offices, and the barangay health professionals' workspaces.

2. The Philippines' three-branch system of government oversees politics. There are numerous and varied political
parties in the Philippines, which is a democratic nation with a president who is chosen directly by the populace to
serve as both the head of state and the head of government. With little to no grassroots participation, political
figures and leaders make up the majority of party members. In the Philippines, which is a republic with a
presidential system of government and equal power distribution among its three parts (executive, legislative,
and judicial), there are three different kinds of political parties

3. Head of State: The President of the Philippines is both the head of state and the head of government. No one can
be elected President unless they are a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, literate, at least
 forty years old on election day, and have lived in the country for at least ten years prior to the election. This
implies that they speak for the nation both at home and abroad. As the public face of the country, they bear the
responsibility for its international reputation.

4. The Electoral Reforms Law of 1987, No. 6646, forbids the mass media from offering airtime or print space for
free for political campaigns or other reasons, with the exception of the Commission on Elections. The petitioners
are running in the upcoming elections for public office. A 1940 amendment to the 1935 Philippine Constitution
established the Commission on Municipal Elections (COMELEC). Automated elections are faster, less expensive,
and produce digital archiving results. Before the COMELEC was established, the Executive Bureau of the
Department of Interior was legally tasked with overseeing election administration; this department eventually
had direct control over elections.

5. The party-list system is a mechanism of proportional representation in the election of representatives to the
House of Representatives from national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations or coalitions thereof
registered with the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). However, a 2013 Supreme Court decision clarified that
the party-list system is an open system of proportional representation open to various kinds of groups and
parties, and not an exercise exclusive to marginalized sectors.

6. The push to pass the Twenty-Sixth Amendment originally started during World War II. It was enacted in response
to criticism that, while citizens in Vietnam were "old enough to fight," they were not "old enough to vote." The
age at which those activities would take place would stay at eighteen. In order to carry out the policy, the Bill
would also change other Acts, such as municipal Acts, and the Electoral Act of 1993. There would also be changes
made to the Local Electoral Regulations of 2001.