Project Proposal

Laser Based Communication Link

Group 5

Proposed by:
Patel Manav – 22JE0670
Pathalam Vijay Kumar – 22JE0672
Pattipati Sai Chandu – 22JE0675
 Description:
 The project unlike other wireless media uses laser light from the transmitter
torch as a carrier instead of RF signals used in the conventional system. At the
receiver end, the phototransistor should be aligned in a line of sight position
such that the laser beam from the torch falls perfectly on it. However,
communication is not possible if there is any obstacle in the path of the beam
and no sound will be heard at the receiver end.

 Applications:
 Laser communication systems can transmit speeds of up to a gigabit per second,
Laser communications assure much faster data traffic at lower power
consumption, smaller geometrical size and much higher immunity to
eavesdropping. ther applications of Laser communications systems technology
include temporary connectivity needs (e.g. sporting events, disaster scenes, or
conventions), or space based communications.

 Components Required:
• Resistors (R1, R3 = 8.2 KΩ; R2 = 1.8 KΩ; R4 = 10 KΩ; R5, R6 = 15 KΩ; R7 = 82 Ω; R8 = 6.8 KΩ;
R9 = 4.7 KΩ; R10 = 470 KΩ, R11, R12 = 2.2 KΩ; R13 = 1 KΩ; R14 = 10 Ω)

• Potentiometer ( V R 1 = 1 MΩ; VR2 = 10 KΩ)

• Capacitors (C1, C8 = 1 µF; C2, C7, C13 = 0.1 µF; C3 = 470 µF; C4 = 1000 µF; C5 = 0.01 µF; C6 =
47 pF; C9, C12 = 100 µF; C10 = 10 µF; C11 = 470 µF)

• Connecting wires
• Breadboard
• IC LM741 (Op-amp), IC LM386 (Audio amplifier)
• Transistor BC548(NPN), BD139, BC549(NPN)
• 2N5777 or L14F1 (Photo Transistor)
• 3 Volts Laser Torch
• Condenser Microphone
• Speaker(0.5W, 8Ω)

 Component Details:
 IC 741 Operational Amplifier:
The IC 741 is a commonly used operational amplifier in electronic circuits. It has
two inputs, inverting (-) and non-inverting (+), and an output pin.

Pin configuration:
Pin 1: Null offset
 Pin 2: Inverting input (-)
Pin 3: Non-inverting input (+)
Pin 4: -V (negative power supply)
Pin 5: Null offset
Pin 6: Output
Pin 7: +V (positive power supply)

 Transistor:
The transistor is used to provide additional amplification to the signal.
Collector (C), Base (B), Emitter (E) pins are typical for an NPN transistor.

 Photo Transistors:
Phototransistors are either tri-terminal (emitter, base and collector) or bi-terminal
(emitter and collector) semiconductor devices which have a light-sensitive base
region. Although all transistors exhibit light-sensitive nature, these are specially
designed and optimized for photo applications.

 Audio amplifier:
Audio amplifier is the basic circuit configuration that is required to amplify, the
audio signal received through a device like a microphone or the audio signal that is
to be transmitted out through a speaker/ Radio device/Wireless transmitter etc .

 Condenser Microphone:
With a pop filter and a foam windscreen, the condenser mic records your voice and
the sound crystal clear, the shock mount holds the microphone steady with
damping function.

 Resistors:
Resistors are used to set the biasing points and control the gain of the
amplifier. Values can be selected based on the desired gain and operating
conditions.

 Capacitors:
Coupling capacitors are used to block DC components and allow only the AC audio
signal to pass through. Decoupling capacitors are used to stabilize the voltage
supply.

 Cicuit Diagram:
 Working:
• There are two sections; transmitter and receiver section. As shown in figure 1, a
condenser microphone transistor amplifier BC548 (T1) followed by an op-amp
stage built around μA741 (IC1) completes the transmitter portion. A potentiometer
(1Mega-ohm) VR1 is used to adjust the gain of the op-amp as required in the
project.
• Another transistor BD139 (T2) takes the output from IC1 as the input signal
through the base and then produces the modulated laser beam signal at its output
terminal.
• The transmitter circuit should be powered by a 9V supply, however, we can directly
connect the laser torch (3V) to the emitter terminal of the transistor T2 after
removing the battery.
• The audio input is received by the mic incorporated in the project. With the help of
a coupling capacitor C, the audio signal from the mic is fed to the transistor T1.
There the signal is amplified to some extent and is passed towards the IC1 through
another coupling capacitor C2 from further amplification. Then the amplified audio
signal is sent to the transistor T2. It modulates the power to the LED and places the
audio onto the light beam.
• The receiving portion, comprises a photo-sensitive transistor; T3. The laser beam
 passed from the transmitter laser torch is received by T3 It produces a signal in
correspondence to the light signal received from the LED transmitter circuit.
• Hence, the signal is demodulated and received at this end. Capacitor C5 couples the
demodulated signal to transistor T4 and T5 which produce the amplified version of
the received signal. And, then the signal is coupled through C8 to VR2. In
Potentiometer VR2 is employed to adjust the volume level of the signal for IC2. IC2,
the signal is again amplified and it drives the speaker LS1.

 Conclusion:
• This is new wireless technology to transmit the data or sound signal from one
section to another section through the laser beam of the system. This system is safe
and without radiation. So it is no harm to living beings.