BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, First Semester 2022-23

Final Exam – INSTR F311 (Closed Book)

Electronic Instrumentation and Instrumentation Technology
Date: 27 Dec 2022 Max Marks: 105 marks Time: 180 mins.
Important instructions:
1. All the answers must be in the corresponding box or the provided space.
2. Overwritten answers or/and lack of clarity in writing will not be evaluated.
3. No phone or any type of smart devices or notes/books allowed. Only calculator is allowed
4. Multiple choice answers must be written in CAPITAL LETTERS.
5. In MCQ questions, more than one option can be right. Wrong answers or partial correct
answers have 50% negative marks.
6. Answer to the point. Use the answer sheet for rough work

Name: ID No.

Each MCQ question carries 1 mark.

1) Electromagnetic deflection based CRT has which of the following advantages over electrostatic deflection
based CRT?
A. Increased control of the beam
B. Improved defection sensitivity
C. Better beam position accuracy
D. Simpler construction of the CRT
2) Which of the following statements are true?
A. Gross error is due to carelessness of human being while handling an instrument
B. Parallax error is classified as gross error
C. Error in reading due to using an uncalibrated instrument is classified as gross error as well as
systematic error
D. Most new/unused instruments are free from error
3) Differential probes have the following advantages
A. Has higher common mode rejection ratio
B. Is cheaper than active/passive probes
C. The probe is not bulky
D. Wide dynamic range
4) Phosphor coating for digital phosphor oscilloscope is provided on
A. Only on the inside surface of the screen
B. Only on outside surface of the screen
C. Both on the inside and outside surface of the screen
D. Nowhere
5) Current coils and the voltage coils of a wattmeter were accidently interchanged while connecting. After
energizing the circuit, it was observed that the wattmeter did not show any reading. This could be due to?
A. Damage to the potential coil
B. Damage due to the current coil
C. Damage to both the potential coil and current coil
D. Loose connections
6) Advantages of PMMC are
A. It has high sensitivity for AC and DC measurements without requiring any additional electrical
components
B. Once calibrated, it does not require to be calibrated again for a long time
C. Wide linear deflection range
D. No hysteresis loss
7) Which of the following statements are true?
A. Resolution in passive instrument can be easily adjusted
B. Analog oscilloscope is a passive instrument
C. Passive instrument requires low operating power than active instruments
D. Digital phosphor oscilloscope is an active instrument
8) Which of the following statements are not true?
A. Gross error is due to careless of human being while handling an instrument
B. Parallax error is classified as gross error
C. Error in reading due to using an uncalibrated instrument is classified as gross error as well as
systematic error
D. Most new/unused instruments are free from error
9) Which of the following statements are false?
A. Accuracy is the degree of refinement with which an operation is performed or a measurement is
stated.
B. Precision is closeness of the measured value to a standard or known value.
C. Precision depends on the least count (or resolution) of a measuring instrument.
D. Calibration is the setting or correcting of a measuring device by adjusting it to match with a standard
and more accurate device.
10) The FET input active probes provide

A. Low Input resistance and low input capacitance

B. High Input resistance and low input capacitance
C. Low Input resistance and high input capacitance
D. high Input resistance and high input capacitance
11) Sine waves of frequency of 100 kHz can be generated by using
A. direct analog synthesis
B. indirect synthesis
C. direct digital synthesis
D. None of the above
12) The highest resolution in frequency with relatively low hardware requirement is in
A. direct analog synthesis
B. mix and divide direct analog synthesis
C. programmable decade indirect synthesis
D. multiple loop indirect synthesis
13) A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is not used in
A. mix and divide direct analog synthesis
B. programmable decade indirect synthesis
C. multiple loop indirect synthesis
D. all of the above
14) A two input AND logic gate can be tested using
A. Arbitrary function generator
B. pattern generator
C. both a and b
D. none of the above.
15) Anti alias filter is
A. band pass filter
B. band stop filter
C. Low pass filter
D. high pass filter
16) One of the thumb rule for designing transmission lines in high speed devices is:
A. 1< λ/20, λ is the maximum wavelength of the signal
B. Rise time of the signal should be greater than 4 times the propagation delay of the single path.
C. Rise time of the signal should be less than 4 times the propagation delay of the single path.
D. 1< λ/30, λ is the maximum wavelength of the signal
17) Which statement is true with respect to cooling of devices:
A. Passive cooling has no heat sink but instead uses fins or pins to increase surface area.
B. Forced air cooling uses fan to circulate the air over the fins.
C. Active cooling does not require forced air.
D. none of the options.
18) In multilayer PCB, shielding is improved by:
A. Have maximum separation between power and return planes.
B. Use slots to separate analog and digital circuits.
C. Fill the regions between analog traces with copper and connect to ground.
D. Sandwich analog and digital return lines.
19) Cross talk in an electronic instrument can be reduced by :
A. By running parallel trace lines
B. By having high density trace lines
C. Using magnetic coupling opposite to electrical coupling
D. None of the above
20) To test for a properly compensated probe:
A. a low frequency sine wave is applied to probe tip and waveform is analyzed.
B. a high frequency sine wave is applied to probe tip and waveform is analyzed.
C. any low frequency waveform is applied to probe tip and waveform is analyzed.
D. none of the options.

21) In indirect frequency synthesis technique, we use:

A. mix and divide technique
B. mixer-filter divider
C. logic and memory to digitally construct the signal
D. None of the options
22) If the probe is not properly compensated, it will introduce:
A. noise only
B. attenuation only
C. both noise and attenuation
D. none of these
23) With respect to product life cycle:
A. First stage is the concept development, followed by product design and then production,
B. In product design, for inside-out approach, system interfaces drive the design.
C. Upgrades are usually provided for instruments that are evolving rapidly.
D. DMM on average are disposed after 3 years.
24) Waveform sequencing technique is used to generate
A. any type of random waveform
B. Basic waveforms that can be mathematically defined
C. Only combination of different basic waveforms
D. none of the above
25) General issues not involved in circuit design is:
A. None of the below
B. Selection of technology
C. Time to market
D. Noise and power budget
26) In an Arbitrary Waveform Generator: given a 100 MS/s clock frequency, a memory depth of 4000
sample points and assuming that memory contains four waveform cycles, the frequency of the output signal
will be:
A. 100 kHz
B. 50 KHz
C. 25 KHz
D. 6.25 kHz
27) Harmonic distortion results when a voltage signal at a single frequency is applied to:
A. an active device
B. a reciprocal device
C. a bilateral network
D. None of the options
28) A quantitative measurement of the quality of audio signal from a communication device is given by
SINAD. Here the quantity SINAD is defined as:
A. Signal + Noise + Distortion
B. Signal + Distortion
C. Signal + Interference + Noise + Distortion
D. None of the options
29) The Distortion Analyzer is an instrument used to measure the total harmonic distortion. Identify the
correct option:
A. It removes all the distortion components simultaneously from the signal under investigation and
measures the remainder.
B. It removes one distortion component at a time from the signal under investigation and measures the
remainder.
C. both of the above options are correct depending upon the design of Distortion Analyzer.
D. None of the options.
30) The resolution for period measurement is defined as the smallest time interval that can be measured on
the counter. It is equal to:
A. time period of the input signal applied at input conditioning circuit
B. time period of the signal coming from time base circuit
C. reciprocal of the time-base frequency
D. none of the above

End of MCQ

31) The coil of a moving voltmeter is 40 mm long and 30 mm wide and has 100 turns on it. The control
spring exerts a torque of 240 x 10 -6 Nm when the deflection is 100 divisions on full scale. If the flux density
of the magnetic field in the air gap is 1Wb/m 2, estimate the resistance that must be put in series with the coil
to give one volt per division. The resistance of the voltmeter coil may be neglected. (5M)

32) For the attenuator shown below (input across A and C, output across B and D)

a. Obtain the characteristic impedance (4M)

b. Find the attenuation (While finding the attenuation, assume the matching load is connected across the
output terminals.) (6M)

33) Name different ways of classifying electronic instruments. (5M)

34) Name any five figures of merit to be considered while designing a frequency synthesizer. (5M)
35) Five acquisition modes of digital oscilloscopes. (5 M)

36) Draw a programmable decade indirect synthesizer that synthesizes an output of 10.684 MHz from a
reference source 2 MHz. (8M)
37) A DMM measures a 20 mV signal and shows an error percent of .00042 % due to power line Interference of 100
mV at 60 Hz. If the NMRR is 60 dB over a range of 40 Hz to 60 Hz, find out the CMRR in dB. (4M)

38) A rectifier type instrument uses a bridge rectifier and has its scale calibrated in terms of RMS value of a sine wave.
It indicates a current of 2.22 A when a voltage having triangular wave shape. Estimate the peak and RMS value of
current. And also calculate the error (6M).

39) The ratio of Ra to Rb is 1000. R1 is 5 ohm and R1 =0.5 R2, and G shows no deflection. Find the value of Rx (6M).

40) An AC bridge with terminals A, B, C, D (consecutively marked) has in arm AB, a resistance of 800Ω in parallel
with a capacitor of 0.5 µF; arm BC, a resistance of 400Ω in series with a capacitor of 1 µF; arm CD a resistance of
1000Ω and arm DA, a pure resistance of R Ω.

(a) Obtain the value of frequency for which the bridge can be balanced. (4M).

(b) Calculate the value of R required to produce balance (4M).

(c) What type of bridge is it? (3M)

41) The resistance of a resistor is measured using a voltmeter and ammeter by taking 7 readings. Find the precision of
the 5th measurement of the resistance of the resistor. (5M)

Reading Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Voltage value (V) 15.5 15.66 15.4 15.67 15.71 15.4 15.59
4 7 9
Current (mA) 19.8 19.7 19.6 19.89 19.65 19.7 19.59
0 3 7

42) For the peak reading voltmeter circuit, the input resistance (Rin) of dc voltmeter is 100 MΩ. Find the
value of capacitor (C) so that the capacitor voltage decays not more than 6 % for 20 Hz to 20 kHz of the
input signal. Also, if the input voltage (Vi) is 100 V, find the reading at the output of dc voltmeter. (6M)