Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH

n,h msysgqùu
 ye¢kaùu
 mD;=.%Siska yd ,kafoaiska wdishdfõ fj<| lghq;=j,ska úYd, ,dN ,nk nj ÿgq bx.%Siska
o wdishdfõ flfrys ;u wjOdkh fhduq l<y' bx.%Sis jHdmdßlhka l%s'j 1600
foieïn¾ ui bx.%Sis fmrÈ. bka§h fj<| iud.u msysgjQ w;r tu fj<| iud.fï
m<uqjk keõ lKavdhu iqud;%d ÿm;aj,g f.dia tys fj<| lghq;= wdrïN l<y' miqj
ú,shï fydalskaia hgf;a ;j;a keõ lKavdhula bkaÈhdjg meñK uQ.,a wêrdcHhd jQ
cyka.S¾ iu`. fj<| lghq;= ms<sn| idlÉPd meje;aúh'

 17 jk ishjfia uq,a oYl 02 ;=< w.aksÈ. wdishdfõ fj<| n,h f.dvk.d .ekSug
mD;=.S%iska yd ,kafoaiska w;r .egqï we;súh' fuys§ bx.%Siska ,kafoaiskag Woõ lf<ah'
kuq;a bx.%Siska fj<| lghq;=j,g we;=,ajkq ±lSug ,kafoaiska wlue;s úh' fï ksid
1623 § l=`Mnvq Èjhskaj,g wh;a weïfndhskd ÿmf;a n,fldgqjlg myrÿka ,kafoaiska
tys isá bx.%Siska >d;kh l,y' bka miqj bx.%Siskaf.a wjOdkh bkaÈhdj lrd fhduqúh'
17 jk ishjfia w. ld,fha§ uÿrdish" fndïndh" l,algd we;=`M m%foaYj, fj<|
uOHia:dk wdrïN lsÍug bx.%Siska iu;a úh'
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
 Y%S ,xldj flfrys ì%;dkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqùu

n,mE m%Odk fya;=

01& Y%S ,xldfõ msysàu 02& Y%S ,xldfõ l=re`ÿ we;=`M jákd
fj<| øjH ,nd.; yelsùu

• Y%S ,xldj bkaÈhdj wdikakfha msysàu • Y%S ,xldfõ l=re`ÿj,g m%uqLia:dkhla

yd bkaÈhka id.rfha keõ ud¾.fha ysñùu'
uOH.;j msysàu‘ • fmrÈ. rgj,a iu`. l< fj<`odfuka
• bkaÈhdfõ ngysr yd kef.kysr mD;=.%Siskag yd ,kafoaiskag úYd,
fjrf<a kdúl lghq;= ,xldfõ isg wdodhï ,eîu'
fufyhùu' • .ïñßia" uq;= ueKsla yd we;ao< wdÈ
• ;%sl=Kdu, jrdh fnx.d, fndlalg jákd fj<| øjH ,nd.; yelsùu'
uqyqK,d msysàu'
• bkaÈhdfõ kef.kysr fjrf<a bx.%Sis
kdúl n,h /l.ekSu'
• Bidk È. fudaiï ld,fha keõ
wdrlaId lr.ekSug ;%sl=Kdu, jrdh
jeo.;aùu'
• ;%sl=Kdu,h jrdh iajNdúl jrdhla
ùu'
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
;%sl=Kdu, jrdh fj<| øjH
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
bx.%Siska yd Wvrg rdcH w;r ¥; in|;d

 1762 § fcdaka *hsnia Wvrg lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcq yuqùu'

 1782 § yshq fndhsâ rdcdêrdcisxy rcq yuqùu'
 1795 § frdnÜ wekavDDia rdcdêrdcisxy rcq yuqùu'

ì%;dkH n,h msysgqùu

 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH hg;a úð;hla njg m;alr .ekSfï§ ±lsh yels ,laIK
03 ls'
 1796 § bx.%Sis fmrÈ. bkaÈhd fj<| iud.u Èjhsfka uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, n,h
msysgqùu'
 1802 § fmrÈ. bka§h fj<| iud.u hgf;a md,kh jQ uqyqÿnv m%foaY ì%;dkH
lsÍgfha hg;a úð;hla ùu'
 1815 § Wvrg rdcOdksh bx.%Siska hg;a lr.ekSu'
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
1797 j¾Ifha bx.%Sis fj<| iud.ug tfrysj we;s jQ le/,a,
 fmrÈ. bkaÈh fj<| iud.u f.k.sh uÿrdis md,kh ck;djg mSvdldß jQ
fyhska 1797 § uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, le/,a,la we;súh'
 uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, jQ .egqïldÍ ;;a;ajh fidhdn,d m%;sixialrKh lsÍug
ì%f.aäh¾ fckrd,a ã ñhqrkaf.a iNdm;s;ajfhka fldñiula m;a l<y' th
ñhqrka fldñiu kï úh'

ñhqrka fldñifï ks¾foaY (

 nÿ tl;= lsÍug fhdojd isá uÿrdis ks<Odßka fjkqjg foaYSh ks<Odßka m;a
lsÍu'
 fmd,a.ia noao we;=`M w¨;a nÿ j¾. bj;a lsÍu'
 uqo,ska nÿ f.ùu fjkqjg NdKAv j,ska nÿj¾. tl;= lsÍu'
 wdodhï tl;= lsÍug yd wêlrK lghq;= i|yd fjku ks<Odßka m;a
lsÍu'
 ,kafoais Widú l%uh kej; msysgqùu'

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

 ì%;dkHhkag Wvrg rdcOdksh hg;a lr.ekSug fya;=

 uqyqÿnv m%foaYfha wdrlaIdj m;d fjr<nv yd Wvrg rdcH iSudfõ yuqod

02la kv;a;= lsÍug isÿùu yd uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, ì%;dkHhkag úreoaOj isÿ
flfrk ler,s j,È Wvrg rcq Tjqkag Woõ §u'
 uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, ck;dj Wvrg rcq ;udf.a rcq f,i ms,s.ekSu'
 fld<U yd ;%sl=Kdu,h w;r uqyqÿ in|;d j,È úYd, uqo,la jeh lsÍug
isÿùu'
 fld<U yd ;%sl=Kdu,h olajd Wvrg yryd uydud¾.hla ;ekSug wjir
b,a¨j o th m%;sfCIam ùu' zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
 1803 f*âßla fkda¾;a wdKavqldrjrhdf.a wdl%uKh
 uelafvdaj,af.a ¥;.uk wid¾:l ùu ksid fkda¾;a wdKavqldrjrhd 1803 §
Wvrg wdl%uKh lrk ,§'

1803 Wvrg wdl%uKfha ì%;dkHhka mrdchùug fya;=

 Wvrg iajdëk;ajh
 isxy,hkaf.a .ß,a,d igka l%u
 isxy,hkaf.a tluq;=lu
 ck;dj rcqg mlaImd;S ùu
 yuqodj fufyhùu ÿIalr ùu
 j¾Idld,h we;sùu;a iu`. .xj;=r .e,Su

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

 1815 Wvrg .súiqu

 1815 ud¾;= 02 Èk uykqjr rdciNd f.dvke.s,af,a § frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a

wdKavqldrjrhd yd Wvrg jeishka fjkqfjka ro< m%Odkska w;r Wvrg
rdcOdksh hg;aùu iïnkaOj .súiqula we;súh' th Wvrg .súiquhs'

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

 úfoaY wdêm;Hhg tfrys jq igka

01. 1818 ksoyia igk ^W!j fj,a,iai igk&

1817 iema;eïn¾ isg 1818 Tlaf;dïn¾ olajd Wvrg m%foaYj, mej;s
bx.%Sis wdKavq úfrdaê wdhqO ikakoaO ke.sisàu 1818 ksoyia igk kï úh'

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

1818 ksoyia igkg n,mE fya;=
 ck;djg ksoyi wysñùu yd rfcl= ke;sùu ms<sn| miq;eú,a,'
 Wvrg m%N+ mx;shg myr je§u'
 wd.u yd ixialD;sfha wdrlaIdj ms<sn| .eg`M u;=ùu'
1818 ksoyia igk

jHdma; jQ m%foaY igfka kdhlfhda

 ÿïnr  lemafmáfmd< Èidj

 fldyql=Uqf¾ rfÜrd,
 fyajdyeg  uvq.,af,a Èidj
 ydßiam;a;=j  ms<su;,dfõ Èidj
 nQgEfõ rfÜrd,
 ud;f,a  lsjqf,af.or fudfydÜgd,
 imr.uqj  oUúkak Èidj
 ÈUq,dk Èidj
 kqjrl,dmsh  .,f.or fudfydÜgd,
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
1818 ksoyia igfka m%;sM,
 bx.%Sis wdKavqfõ oreKq u¾Okhg Wv/áhka b,lal ùu'
 lemafmáfmd, yd uvq.,af,a rdcfødayska f,i i,ld fnda.ïnr§ ysi.id
urKhg m;a lsÍu'
 wfkl=;a kdhlhska ráka msgqjy,a lsÍu" foam< rdcika;l lsÍu'
 bx.%Siskag mlaImd;S jQ fud,a,sf.dv yd tlake,sf.dvg jrm%ido yd ks,;,
ysñùu'

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

02. 1848 fojk ksoyia igk
 igkg n,mE wdikak;u fya;=j

1833 l%shd;aul l< flda,anDDla m%;sixialrKj, n,mEu yd fgdßkagka

wdKavqldrjrhd 1848 § kj nÿ j¾. mekùu‘

tfia mekjQ kj nÿ j¾. (

 uqoaor noao
 lr;a; yd Tremdre noao
 fj<|ie,a noao
 ;=jlal= noao
 we`. noao
 n¨ noao

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

 1848 ksoyia igk

jHdma; jQ m%foaY igfka kdhlfhda

 ud;f,a ^m%Odk  ùr mqrka wmamq
uOHia:dkh&  f.dx.df,a f.dvnxvd
 uykqjr  y`.=rkafl; äx.srd,
 l=reKE.,  Èfhia
 jdßhfmd,  lvyfmd< ysñ

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ

zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH n,h msysgqùu
1' bx.%Sis jHdmdßlhska úiska msysgqjk ,o fj<| iud.u l=ula o@
2' ú,shï fydalskaia we;=`M keõ lKavdhu bkaÈhdjg meñfKk úg tys isá
uq.,a wêrdchd ljqreka o@
3' bx.%Siskaf.a fmrÈ. fj<| uOHia:dk fudkjdo @
4' m%xYjreka msysgqjd.;a fj<| uOHia:dk fudkjd o@
5' w.aksÈ. wdishdfõ fj<| n,h ,nd .ekSug .egqï we;s jQ cd;Ska 2 la
olajkak'
6' bx.%Sisyq furgg wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug n,mE m%Odk fya;= fol fudkjd o@
7' ;%sl=Kdu, jrdh flfrys bx.%Siskaf.a wjOdkh fhduqùug fya;= fudkjd o@
8' fnx.d, fndlalg uqyqK,d msysgd ;snQ furg jrdh l=ula o@
9' furáka ,kafoaiska m,jd yeÍug lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud ¥;hka hjk
,oafoa lskï cd;Ska fj; o@
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
10' Wvrgg meñKs bx.%Sis ¥;hka yd Tjqka meñKs j¾Ihka olajkak'
11' fcdaka mhsnia furgg meñfKk úg Wvrg md,lhd jYfhka lghq;= lrk
,oafoa ljqrekao @
12' bx.%Siska furg uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, n,h ;yjqre lr.;a j¾Ih l=ula o@
13' furg uqyqÿnv m%foaY ì%;dkH lsÍgfha hg;a úð;hla njg m;ajQ j¾Ih
l=ula o@
14' l%s'j 1795 j¾Ih jkúg furg uqyqÿnv m%foaY md,kh l, ,kafoais
wdKavqldrhd i|yka lrkak'
15' ,kafoaiska i;=j ;sî b;d flá ld,hl§ bx.%Siska w;g m;ajQ Y%S ,xldfõ
jrdhka fudkjd o@
16' bx.%Siska úiska furg uqyqÿnv m,d;aj,g yÿkajd ÿka kj nÿ j¾.
fudkjd o@
17' bx.%Sis fj<| iud.ug úreoaOj uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, le/,a, we;s jQ j¾Ih
l=ula o@
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
18' uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, we;s jQ le/,a, iïnkaOfhka fidhd n,d wjYH
m%;sixialrK ks¾foaY lsÍug meñKs fldñiu l=uk kñka ye¢kafõ o@
19' ñhqrka fldñifï ks¾foaY fudkjd o@
20' furg uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, md,kh i|yd meñKs m%:u ì%;dkH
wdKavqldrjrhd kï lrkak'
21' oaú;aj md,kh y`ÿkajdÿka j¾Ih l=ula o@
22' l%sj 1800 j¾Ifha§ f*âßla fkda¾;a wdKavqldrjrhd Wvrg rdcOdksh fj;
hejQ ¥; lKavdhfï kdhl;ajh ±refõ ljqreka o@
23' bx.%Siskaf.a furg m%Odk md,k uOHia:dkh l=ula o@
24' bx.%Siskaf.a furg m%Odk kdúl uOHia:dkh l=ula o@
25' uelafvdaj,a fifkúhdf.a m%Odk;ajfhka bx.%Siska Wvrg wdl%uKh l,
j¾Ih l=ula o@
26' l%sj 1803 Wvrg wdl%uKfha§ bx.%Siska uqyqKÿka ÿIAlr;d fudkjd o@
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
27' lkakidñ l=ure Y%S úl%u rdcisxy kñka rclug m;ajQfha l=uk
wêldrïf.a fufyhùu u; o@
28' fkda¾;a wdKavqldrjrhdf.ka miq furg md,k Oqrh i|yd meñKs
wdKavqldrjrhd kï lrkak'
29' f;dauia fuÜ,kaâ Wvrg rdcH wkd.;fha§ wdl%uKh lsÍu i|yd
WmdhYS,sj lghq;= lsÍug fhdod.;a isú,a ks,Odßhd kï lrkak'
30' fcdaka fvdhs,s isxy, NdIdj bf.k .;af;a ljqreka hgf;a o@
31' Wvrg rdcOdksh ms<sn|j ryis.; f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug bx.%Siska
fhdod.;a msßia kï lrkak'
32' Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq urKSh oKAvkhg ,lal, uyd wêldrï kï lrkak'
33' Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq wjika jir lsysmh ;=, .kq ,enQ hym;a mshjr
lsysmhla i|yka lrkak'
34' Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq yd Wvrg ck;dj w;r ÿria:Ndjh we;sùug n,mE
isÿùu l=ula o@
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
35' Wvrg .súiqqu w;aika l, j¾Ih ia:dkh yd Èkh kï lrkak'
36' Wvrg .súiqfï uq,a j.ka;s ;=fkka i|yka jkafka l=ula o@
37' Wvrg .súiqfï 4 jk j.ka;sfha i|yka jkafka l=ula o@
38' 1818 j¾Ifha ksoyia igk hkq l=ula o@
39' 1818 igk we;sùug n,mE fya;= fudkjd o@
40' W!j fj,a,iai m%foaYfha ro< m%OdkSka n,j;a l,lsÍug m;a isÿùu
l=ula o@
41' bx.%Sis md,kh flfrys Wv/áhka ;=, wm%idohla mj;sk w;r;=r
isxydikhg Wreuhla we;ehs lshñka fj,a,iai m%foaYfhka u;= jQ
;eke;a;d ljqreka o@
42' m%Odk ro< kdhlhska w;ßka Wvrg igkg tl;= fkdjQ ro< kdhlhska
i|yka lrkak'
43' ìï md`M m%;sm;a;sh hkq l=ula o@
44' 1818 ksoyia igkg kdhl;ajh ÿka mqoa.,hska kï lrkak'
zzlE.,a, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha iudc úoHd wxYhZZ
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