POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION

ARTICLE REVIEW ON

FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN MICRO AND SMALL-SIZED

ENTERPRISES’ SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY IN JORDAN
GROUP ASSIGNEMENT

PREPARED BY

1. Dereje Tulu Id No_________

2. Gerese Gizawu Id No________
3. Salile Shago Id No_________
4. Eshetu Gelagay Id No_________
5. Merid Mengistu Id No_________

SUBMITTED TO:
GETASEW Y.(assis.prof)

Nov/2023
ARBAMINCH ETHIOPIA
Table of Contents
TITILE ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 2
THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.................................................................................................................... 2
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................................................... 2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................................................................. 2
METHODOLOGYDATA USED AND METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................. 3
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 3
Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 3
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 4
RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................................ 4
MY EVALUTION AND COMMENT .............................................................................................................. 4
THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLE .............................................................................. 5
STRENGTH OF THE ARTICLE .................................................................................................................. 5
WEAKNESS OF THE ARTICLE .................................................................................................................. 5
TITILE
‘FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN MICRO AND SMALL SIZED ENTERPRISES
SUCCESS;ACASE STUDY IN JORDAN.”

CITATION
Lubna Mohammad THAHER1, Nor Mohd RADIEAH2, Wan Hasan WAN
NORHANIZA3
Received: January 30, 2021 Revised: April 05, 2021 Accepted: April 15, 2021
Abstract

SUMMARY
This research article examines Over the past decades, the Jordanian government has made great
efforts to help poor women start small businesses by providing microcredit Lubna M ohammad
THAHER1, Nor Mohd RADIEAH2, Wan Hasan WAN NORHANIZA3 Received: January
30, 2021 Revised: April 05, 2021 Accepted: April 15, 202 Although in Jordan almost hundreds
of thousands of women have the ability to contribute more fully to their economy, they are
reluctant to do so. Women’s participation in economic activities in 2016 was only 13.2%, while
the unemployment rate for Jordanian women was 24.1%. The decline in women’s participation
in small business management has gradually become an important issue following the trial of
more than 13,000 Jordanian women for non-payment of their micro-loans. This study aims to
identify the factors that hinder Jordanian women from achieving job stability A purposeful
sampling method is also used to select participants. Women entrepreneurs, the environment
around women entrepreneurs, The author tries to analyze different variables which has direct
relationship with organizational effectiveness and tries to develop different hypothesis from
previous studies and looks them from company-A conditions.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to propose an integrated model that comprehensively considers the
key variables of human resource capability and organizational effectiveness. Besides, this study
will benefit to the other researchers for subsequent studies though giving panoramic snapshoot
about Human resource capability and their effect on organizational performance. Lastly, it is a
good, well-written article with an important message for both private and public organizations.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study goes with proposing an integrated model that effectively delineates the
causal variables of E/S capability and organizational effectiveness from a process perspective
(Company’s A). And also, investigate the subjective perception of employees on E/S capability
and job satisfaction and its impact on variables related to organizational performance.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As revealed on the study, the relationship between entrepreneurship and organizational
performance has been the major concern of academia scholars and consequently numerous

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studies have confirmed the positive causal relationship between the HRM and performance of an
organization. However, the key mediating variables of these two factors have often n considered
to be a “black box” and, thus, only few ofthese variables have been investigated over the years.

As service industry becomes increasingly critical and influential in economic systems. Marketing
management and E/SHIP simultaneously emphasize the interaction between frontline employees
and customers in a service industry.

Accordingly, the authors of this study intended to investigate the effects of E/SHIP Capability
and Internal Customer Satisfaction on Organizational Effectiveness on a specific state-owned
enterprise (called Company-A in this study), with more than 28,000employees in Taiwan, holds
substantial amounts of resources.

METHODOLOGYDATA USED AND METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

Using the Smart PLS 2.0 software, the authors employed the partial least square (PLS) method to
test the measurement model and the structural model of this study. The level of significance was
examined using the bootstrapping method. Out of 28,000 employees the authors was used
convenient sampling to distribute 400 questionnaires via mail to employees of Company-A in
Taichung branch. Overall, excluding 59 invalid questionnaires, only obtained 341 valid
questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 85.25%.

The authors conducted the study using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the results
obtained from the questionnaire. The factor loading, Cronbach’s𝛼, CR, and AVE all meet the
criteria, indicating a favorable consistency among the variables of corresponding measurement
items. Regarding Validity Analysis, the constructs used have been verified and supported by
relevant theories and studies; therefore, they meet the requirement of content validity. The
validity (soundness) and reliability of the data found from the selected samples. Furthermore,
authors clearly describe the measures used to test the hypothesis and their reciprocal effects. The
instruments and development were explained, and the reliability coefficients of all possible tests
were given.

The methodologies used by the authors to gather the data and analyze for this article were not
clearly elucidate. The authors made no mention of which research design approach
(Quantitative or qualitative) used on the study. The authors didn’t mention which type of
Correlation (Pearson or Spearman’s) was used as a measure of finding correlation between the
independent and dependent variable (Organizational Effectiveness). This might biased the
readers of this article. The authors did not specify what kind of Regression model was used in
this study to predict the value of dependent variable based on the value of independent variables.
The authors didn’t mention the regression equation or mathematical model used.

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings
Under literature review part, 8 hypotheses were developed by the authors. Despite, the test result
point out that, the majority of the hypotheses tested were rejected. This indicates the selected

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variable doesn’t have serious impact in the employees of Company-A. Research results reveal
the internal customer satisfaction, which is highly valued in internal marketing, was primarily
influenced by team orientation, affective commitment, and normative commitment.

The effects of training, pay for performance, and continuance commitment were not as strong as
expected. This is possibly because Company-A is a state-owned enterprise, with employees
protected with lifetime employment benefits, the nature of work is fixed, and the salary system is
inflexible. Research results reveal, salary system cannot influence employees’ work
performance. Hence, the constructs of training and pay for performance cannot exert an effect
similar to that in private enterprises.

The statements of problem agreed with the title and seemed to be of importance, but the problem
was not clearly visible to the average reader, and several readings were needed to determine why
the authors thought this study needed to be done. The authors used a data derived from actual
observation or experimentation rather than theory or belief.

CONCLUSION
The Researcher found out that the research results reveal the internal customer satisfaction,
which is highly valued in internal marketing, was primarily influenced by team orientation,
affective commitment, and normative commitment. However, the effects of training, pay for
performance, and continuance commitment were not as strong as expected. Overall, this study
concludes that team orientation and internal customer satisfaction are among the most essential
factors that influence Company-A’s effectiveness.

RECOMMENDATIONS
During the future privatization of the company how the significant organizational effectiveness
variables will relate and how to sustain the competitiveness of the company through all the
changes. By using a flexible and highly effective pay-for-performance system, Company- A can
effectively improve the motivation and attitudes of employees toward their job. In this
circumstance, subsequent studies can thoroughly analyze and compare the effects that the
constructs studied in this study have on the cognition and performance of senior and new
Company-A employees. Finally, the dynamic relationships of research constructs can be
analyzedby other approaches, such as qualitative research, multiple criteria decision making
analysis, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

MY EVALUTION AND COMMENT

The research project is seems functional, initiate to made further researches. For the most part,
itwas well written and well organized. The article has an important message for both private and
public mainly for the organizations that render service. The piece, when taken as a whole, is
relevant and very convincing in theory but starts slow and never lays out a concrete way of
approaching this complex problem.

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THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLE
STRENGTH OF THE ARTICLE
 The researcher covers the important variables and the relation among all the variables
were analyzed and discussed effectively.
 The researcher tries to make the questioners well understandable by the research groups
through conducting a preliminary survey on the words that he has used on the questioner.
 The author has localized all the general concepts to the company-A condition and tries to
describe the company well.

WEAKNESS OF THE ARTICLE

The research only deals with the current condition of the company. But as the research
anticipates the company will be privatized in the future. Which means the research on the
presented article doesn’t hold true for the future sustainability of the company’s
competitiveness and effectiveness.

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