Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MERCHANDISING BUSINESSES”
A Research Proposal
In Partial Fulfillment
Financial Management
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Table of Contents
Chapter
Introduction
Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Method Used
Research Environment
Research Instrument
3
Statistical Treatment of Data
Chapter I
Introduction
defined as the method of carrying out job responsibilities in accordance with the job
description. Performance is the art of completing tasks within the set parameters (Saeed,
performance by providing them with a set of tools and abilities to address changing
Globalization, new market needs, innovation, and the smart economy are all factors that
firms must consider in order to sustain and increase employee performance (Cooper &
Ezzamel, 2013). Dealing with rapid changes in technology, stakeholder requirements, and
market demands relies on closing the gap in employee attitudes as a key aspect of
Employees in the retail sector are frequently the biggest asset to the business
organization because they offer goods that are easily accessible at other outlets, as noted
by Scheers and Botha (2014). These staff members are responsible for offering customer
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support to the retailer's clients (Scheers & Botha, 2014). Businesses spend a lot of money
trying to keep customers, but typically overlook the factors that increase employee
distribution channel is where the primary role is visible. It greatly benefits the
manufacturers, and wholesalers all value the role that retailing and retailers play in
requirements, developing new product categories, gathering market data, and extending
credit to customers, in addition to acting as buying specialists (agents) for clients and
performance and emphasized factors that influence it. According to Anitha (2013), an
engagement. These factors are critical in promoting high levels of employee performance.
that incorporating the internet into their work helped them improve task processes,
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knowledge acquisition, and communication quality, resulting in improved individual and
hand, found a link between employee performance and the work environment, which
includes both physical and nonphysical elements that have a positive and significant
impact on employee performance. While Smith and Bititc (2017) emphasize the
Nickols (2003) and Fort& Voltero (2004) identify a related component that
influences provider performance in the workplace. Clear goals and job expectations,
organizational structure, functioning feedback system, sound metal models, and sufficient
and external, according to previous studies and researchers. However, this study will
mainly focus on only three factors, which are leadership, and motivation since only these
three identified factors are suitable for the research environment of our study.
The research tried to uncover how elements like leadership and motivation affect
Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte by identifying these variables. The goal of this quantitative
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Theoretical Framework of the Study
This study is anchored to a previous study conducted by Thao and Hwang (2015)
Engineering Consultancy J.S.C.” They determined 2 factors that had a significant impact
on the employees in their case company: Leadership and Motivation. The study found
that leadership style had an impact on staff performance. Employees clearly perform
better when executives coach them, empower them, or increase their participation. The
study also found that motivation is one of the most important factors affecting employee
performance.
attitude and behavior of a leader, which leads to certain patterns in dealing with the
followers (Dubrin, 2004). The leadership style within an organization has a bearing on
two way communications where coaches identify what can be improved and how it can
be improved. Further coaching addresses the belief and behaviors that hinder
performance (Toit, 2007). It can be further seen that coaching is all about helping
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(2) Organizational success which is achieved as members of the organization accomplish
collective organizational goals and objectives, and (3) As organizational members share a
mutually beneficial and satisfying work experience meeting both social and personal
growth needs. Further, empowerment had significant positive correlations with both
empowerment was more strongly correlated with the in-role performance of followers
than with satisfaction with the leader. Participation. In Chen and Tjosvold research
2006, they revealed that participation management is about involving employees in the
decision making process where the employees feel that they have the opportunity
todiscuss problems and can influence organizational decisions. The overall impact of
organizations can act to increase or decrease the levels of these mediator variables within
their personals and potentially strengthen the positive performance effects of employee
force will be costly in terms of excessive staff turn over, higher expenses, negative
morale and increased use of managements time (Jobber, 1994). Therefore, management
must know what exactly stimulates their staff so resources are not misallocated and
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disatisfaction develops among employees (Jobber 1994). As green has described
motivation to be proactive in the sense of; in dealing with employees who are high
performers, motivation is essential, otherwise their performance will decline or they will
simply leave the job. While dealing with low performers, motivation is a prerequisite;
otherwise these employees will drag results down, lower productivity and certainly would
not leave the organization, as they will have nowhere to go. A motivated workforce is
essential because the complete participation of employees will certainly drive the
educating of employees to channel their efforts towards organizational activities and thus
increasing the performance of the said boundary spanning roles. According to Denton
involves redesigning jobs so that they are more challenging to employee and have less
repetitive work. Job enrichment is a job redesign technique that allows workers more
control over how they perform their own tasks. This approach allows employees to take
productivity, and reduced absences. This may be because employees who have the
authority and responsibility over their work can be more efficient, eliminate unnecessary
tasks, take shortcuts, and increase their overall performance (Denton 1991).
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Employee Performance. The most significant aspect of every business is the
evaluate each staff member's performance on a yearly or quarterly basis in order to find
potential areas for development. A company that gains an advantage over its competitors
by attracting top talent can dominate the market. The unit's success depends on the
The effective employee must be content with their jobs and encouraged to stay
with the company. Apart from that, abilities and skills are more likely to predict task
performance, whereas personality and related traits are more likely to predict contextual
and skill to do tasks in the most efficient manner possible. Employees work in a variety
finance, storage, transportation, public relations, and so on. All of these tasks carried out
performance can improve the organization's productivity, sales, profit, and market
position.
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Leadership
Coaching
Employee’s
Empowerment
Performance
Participation
Motivation
Job Enrichment
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Statement of the Problem
The study will look into the factors affecting employees performance in Grocery
Stores in Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte.
2. What is the factor that affects the employees’ performance in terms of:
Leadership as to:
2.1 Coaching
2.2 Empowerment
2.3 Participation
Motivation as to:
2.4 Job Enrichment
performance?
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Significance of the Study
Employees. The results of this study will be beneficial to employees for them to
be aware of the factors that could affect their performance in the workplace. It could help
them avoid such bad factors and garnish the good ones that could result in high
motivation.
handle their employees well. This study will further enhance their communication and
Future Researchers. It can be used for future research concerning what factors
can affect an employee’s performance, and to offer potential prepositions concerning the
researcher.
Content. This study shall focus on the two selected factors that could affect an
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Place. This study shall be conducted in the Municipality of Rizal, Zamboanga del
Research Method. This study shall use the descriptive research on normative
able to get the permission of the grocery store owner to get the profile of their workers
and their assessment of their job performance with the influence of leadership and
Subject. The study shall be limited to ten (10) grocery stores in the Municipality
of Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte. Further, there shall be at least two (3) quota-selected
employees per grocery store. With an overall total of thirty (30) employees for the ten
Definition of Terms
Grocery Stores. This refers to a business that purchases products and resells them
and how well they perform the job duties you've obligated to them. It is the dependent
someone or something.
achieving a common goal. It is one of the independent variable of the study in which the
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Motivation -This refers to the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-
oriented behaviors. It is one of the independent variables of the study in which the
performance problem.
Empowerment -the process of gaining freedom and power to do what you want
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Chapter 2
This chapter presents the literature and studies which have a direct bearing on the
present study. This chapter includes an overview of the reviewed literature and studies
Grocery Store
According to Chung and Myers (1999); Block and Kouba (2006); Powell et al.,
(2007), independent grocery stores, are establishments whose owners operate fewer than
four outlets simultaneously. These stores play an important role in their local
communities, helping to ensure food access for residents in areas that may not be served
by dependent grocery stores. These include low-income areas and rural cities. They also
provide employment opportunities and generate tax revenue for these areas. The retail
Employee Performance
timeliness of output, presence/ attendance on the job, the efficiency of the work
completed, and effectiveness of work completed (Mathis & Jackson 2009). Employee
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as a set and measured by a supervisor or organization, to pre-defined acceptable standards
on the objectivity of the appraiser, validity, reliability, and methods that are used and
quality.
motivation (Jacobs, Belschak, & Den Hartog, 2014). Managers must provide consistent
feedback to staff (Medsker & O'Connor, 2015). Employees are motivated when their
supervisors set individual goals and objectives for them and explain how to attain them.
This gives the employee the impression that they are making a difference at work.
Employees are then motivated to attain their objectives and are more likely to exceed
within their established goals and objectives, and comparing them to the standard
(Grigoroudis & Zopoundidis, 2012; Javidmehr, & Javidmehr, 2012; Jha, 2016;
improving their performance by offering precise feedback on areas where they need to
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improve. It also motivates employees to do their best by providing positive reinforcement
encourage their staff (O'Connor & Raile, 2015; Scheers & Botha, 2014). The relationship
performance, career advancement, and job happiness (Van De Voorde & Beijer, 2014).
employee performance and retention (Kozak, 2014; Rothausen, Henderson, Arnold, &
Malshe, 2015). Salary, management, rewards, and recognition are all aspects that might
affect an employee's job performance (Lin, Yu, & Yi, 2014; O'Connor & Raile, 2015;
Oosthuizen, & Stoltz, 2015). Employees in private companies are held more accountable
Job performance is a critical motivator that affects both individual and workplace
component of employee performance. Workplace goals and objectives are more likely to
be met if individual environment fit increases. This is because the employee recognizes
the similarities in their ambitions and the aims of the firm (Sun, Peng, & Pandey, 2014).
performance is linked to rewards (Chomal & Baruah, 2014). Over 55% of employees
who took part in the study said that having opportunities to put their skills and abilities to
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use was very important to them. Only 33% of those same people were happy with their
present employers' opportunities to use them (Cohen, 2014). Not every employee has the
same work ethic or seeks to enhance their skills when it comes to their job performance
exceeding their expectations, and communicating with them truly motivated workers. The
The results also showed that motivation improved productivity in the workplace, helped
workers achieve their own needs as well as the organization's goals, and allowed them to
develop positive relationships with one another (Ibrahim & Brobbey, 2015).
connection between employee motivation and performance. According to the study, Pam
motivate their staff. They included the workers in the goal-setting process and allowed
for their input, but despite their specificity, the employees did not find the goals tough or
difficult at all. The study also revealed that there was a dearth of consistent training and
development for employees to enhance their primary competencies, and this is an issue
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employees, which would have helped them significantly during onboarding and in
The study found that Pam Golding Properties employees were quite unhappy with
the compensation packages that the company provided. When compared to other
businesses operating in the same industry, the employees felt that these incentives were
not competitive. The investigation came to the conclusion that money was a powerful
motivation and that the company should genuinely look into rewarding its staff in
accordance with it. It is clear from this study that motivation and performance are
positively correlated (Waiyaki, 2017). Nadeem, Ahmad, Muhammad, and Hamad (2014)
firms, revealed that the majority of them lacked motivation. The study's results showed
that motivation is important for any business since it influences employees' overall
performance and helps them reach their long-term objectives. A business that looks after
its employees advances (Nadeem, Ahmad, Muhammad, & Hamad, 2014). The findings
mentioned above actually lead us to the conclusion that employee performance is greatly
influenced by motivation.
Leadership
As a result, a wide range of traditional paradigms and theories all claim to be able to
characterize and define leadership (Dansereau, Seitz, Chiu, Shaughnessy, & Yammarino,
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2013). The important message from the definitions and paradigms is that leadership is
2013). Yukl (2006) described leadership as "a process in which one person exerts
intentional influence over others to direct, shape, and facilitate activities and relationships
definitions, are a leader and a follower who interact in a relational manner. The main
common purpose (Northouse, 2007). The combination of a leader's attitude and behavior
that leads to particular patterns in dealing with followers is known as leadership style
(Dubrin, 2004). The leadership style of a business has an impact on whether or not
positive impact on job satisfaction, which in turn has a major impact on staff
performance. Job satisfaction and staff performance are influenced by two factors:
individual perceptions of employee job descriptions all influence the degree to which
employees do their tasks. It's because if employees have enough information to support
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their tasks, they'll be more confident. As a result, employee performance will improve as
Human resource policies, regulations, and practices will have a substantial impact on
employees at all levels of the firm (Soumendu, 2012). For instance, human resource
work satisfaction and, as a result, staff performance. Employee spirit, such as self-belief
detailed information through verbal and nonverbal communication to ensure that the goal
is met.
performance when they are driven by their leaders. In order to ensure that every
employee performs the task with the right approach, transformational leaders also gave a
meaningful interpretations of the aim and guidelines. Soumendu (2012). As a result of the
favorable impact on employee performance via job satisfaction. Meaning, that a satisfied
employee will improve his or her job performance, resulting in a lower turnover rate and
Lam, Loi, Chan, and Liu (2016) found that ethical leaders had a favorable impact
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management's style reflected ethical leadership, employees would speak up more
frequently and feel more comfortable doing so. In their study, the researchers also
demonstrated that having such a positive influence could explain why employees were
more likely to stay and use their voice to highlight difficulties rather than quit the
company.
According to Suharno et al., (2017), leadership style has a positive and significant
employees, then employee performance in carrying out the obligations and tasks would
be good as well. Indeed, according to Biswas (2012), leadership does not have a direct
impact on employee performance; rather, it has a good impact on job satisfaction, which
studying leadership. In the 1980s, when significant reforms and changes were taking
place in politics, the economy, and many other areas, the transformational leadership
method arose. These changes were referred to by various titles, including business
turnaround, government reinvention, and so on. There are two styles of leadership,
leadership. (Burns, 1978; Bass, 1985). In order to achieve desired results, transactional
leadership focuses on the interactions between leaders and followers, including rewards,
leadership is a process that leads to changes and transformations in both individuals and
the entire company. Both transactional and transformational leadership styles focus on the
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performance of their followers as well as their relationships with them. Earlier leadership
because it starts out as transactional social exchange and develops into transformational
acquired. Therefore, studying the various traits that are present in leaders received a lot of
attention. According to the trait theory of leadership, some significant research that
sought to produce more reliable results to identify the unique leadership traits that can be
taught and learnt have been conducted. Drive, self-assurance, cognitive capacity, honesty,
and integrity are thought to be the most frequently noticed attributes of great leaders,
The "Big Five" model of personality is identified by Bond and Smith's (1996)
research and can be applied in other cultural contexts. These qualities include
challenges. Boyett (2006) noted that a leader's position is critical in acquiring the respect
of their subordinates and inspiring their dedication to the successful completion of the
project at hand. Boyett (2006) provided the following explanation of a leader's influence.
First and foremost, the leaders must exude idealized influence, or in other words,
they must be charming. Leaders are capable of acting with assurance and competence.
Second, leaders must be able to motivate and inspire their followers. This is primarily
their responsibility as role models. The ability of the leaders to approach each one on its
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own is crucial when dealing with them. Each individual differs from the others in terms
of their traits, requirements, wants, and attitude toward particular jobs. Leaders should
Coaching
addresses the belief and behaviors that hinder performance Toit, 2007). It can be further
seen that coaching is all about helping someone else to improve performance (Starr,
2004).
creativity, facilitates the decision-making process, and creates self-reflection to drive the
success of employees and the organization (Achi et al, 2016). Although coaching as an
intervention has gained popularity, there is still limited evaluation of coaching programs
by organizations (Grover et al, 2016). Coaching is often considered a useful tool for
encourage the awareness of an individual and team to achieve satisfactory work results.
leader to improve the performance of subordinates, while Minor said that coaching is
manager to train and give orientation to an employee about the reality of the workplace to
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to develop behavior and it is expected that organizations who develop coaching can
Pousa and Mathieu (2014) found out that coaching has a significant impact on
workforce performance. However, it was also mentioned that the quality of coaching
plays an important role in increasing the effect on workforce performance (Pousa and
Mathieu, 2014). Findings from another study uncovered that the age factor influences the
coachee that aims to support goal achievement and personal growth (Spence and Grant,
2007). Coaching is typically given by the leader to employees in the particular work
context as a tool to improve goal achievement and performance through the use of a
number of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral techniques (Grant, 2010). This more
current style of leadership has been defined as a daily activity of offering assistance and
objectives. It is theoretically based on coaching leadership theory (Cox et al., 2010; Berg
Successful leaders that use a coaching approach encourage people to reflect and
acquire awareness, come up with their own solutions, need less control and direction, and
are motivated to see them grow and achieve (Cox et al., 2010; Milner et al., 2018). (Berg
and Karlsen, 2016). According to Goleman et al. (2012), coaching is one of the leadership
philosophies that produces the best outcomes, and its primary goal is the development of
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relationship, coaching leaders aim to assist staff in developing their talents (Dello Russo
et al., 2017).
perspective as a crucial job (social) resource that supports a motivating process that
improved performance (Schaufeli and Bakker, 2004). Ellinger et al. (2005) pointed out
that the coaching leadership style provides organizations with a theoretical basis for
recent theory of leadership has been moving away from traditional leadership paradigms
Avolio (1994) is primarily about inspiring followers to go beyond their personal self-
interest in order to achieve team-related goals (Bormann and Rowold, 2018). In contrast,
a leader's coaching behaviors refer to one-on-one interactions with a subordinate that are
might be more appropriate for addressing developmental objectives for both the
subordinate and the leader (Kunst et al., 2018). Kemp (2009) emphasized the necessity
responses in order to enhance change, given the limited guidance that coaching-based
leaders receive in their own growth and development and the dearth of frameworks to
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To contextualize the coaching leadership process and make clear its function in
assisting staff members in realizing their full potential, the author presented a coaching
and leadership alliance framework. In accordance with this theoretical hypothesis, leaders
engage in a process resembling that of coaches by forging deep bonds of shared meaning
with their workforce. Through this partnership, the coaching leader creates new
abilities like effective communication, empathy, or trust, support goal achievement, and
(Ellinger and Bostrom, 2002; Mai and Akerson, 2003; Grant, 2010; Grant and Hartley,
2013; Berg and Karlsen, 2016). Establishing trust and a working alliance, active listening,
strong questioning, direct communication, planning activities and goal setting, and
International Coach Federation (n.d.), the top worldwide coaching organization. Leaders
staff to come up with their own solutions (Grant and O'Connor, 2010; Milner et al.,
2018).
Empowerment
to organizational success with many authors observing a direct relationship between the
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level of employee empowerment and employee performance, employee job satisfaction
flexible and responsive and can lead to improvements in both individual and
more relevant in today‟s competitive environment where knowledge workers are more
organizational structures.
meeting both social and personal growth needs. Further empowerment had significant
positive correlations with both performance and satisfaction (Batram and Casimir, 2007).
Empowerment was more strongly correlated with the in-role performance of followers
than with satisfaction with the leader. Leaders must direct, influence, encourage, and
control their employees for the specified organizational targets (Wijaya, 2017). Also,
activity. If empowerment is practiced and carried out by its contents, it will increase the
ability and will lead to job satisfaction. Empowering employees to participate in decision-
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making can help develop a mindset for taking risks and trying something new (Yamoah,
2013). So that empowerment is needed by employees to grow with the capabilities they
empowerment as to release improved „power and authority‟ along with the relevant
tool, which is used to exchange the shared vision that the organization expects to
materialize into common goals. The reality is that empowerment could be utilized as an
workers and administrators. Empowerment has been defined in numerous ways, but most
authors agree that the core element of empowerment involves giving employees
discretion (or latitude) over certain task-related activities. Randolph (1995) defines
Blanchard et al. (1996) for instance argued that empowerment is not only having the
freedom to act but also having a higher degree of responsibility and accountability. This
indicates that management must empower their employees so that they can be motivated,
with an empowered state of mind experiences feelings of 1) control over the job to be
for personal work output, 4) shared responsibility for unit and organizational
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performance. Rodwell (1996), and Hage and Lorensen (2005) label empowerment as an
„enabling process‟ or an object that occurs from a joint allocation of possessions and
Luke, Rappaport, and Seidman suggested that empowerment is more than a mere
process, solution, or exemplar as is, for instance, prevention. Instead, they posit that
social workers, and others should be directed and through which most of the goals for
has caused improvement in employees performance. The results of their study showed
level. The definitions of the word "empowerment" vary greatly among experts. According
to several research studies (e.g., Conger & Kanungo, 1988; Thomas & Velthouse, 1990),
environment fit (Zimmerman, 1990). Others have described it as the move of power or
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authority in terms of the duty structure (Parker and Price 1994), commitment-based
independence in their job so they can use their full potential and capabilities to carry out
the organization's overarching objectives. Recently, the value of empowerment has begun
Rutland discusses its importance for people within a firm, which is more pertinent to this
(which implies a level of trust between the companies). He emphasizes the significance
Giving employees the power to make decisions at work by giving them more
employee empowerment enhances their level of autonomy in their work, which increases
requires that employees be given the necessary training and abilities to make autonomous
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Modern firms are said to require an engaged and empowered staff in order to
encouraging loyalty to the company. Two notions are used to gauge empowerment. One
is the psychological empowerment construct, which has drawn significant interest from
academics working in a variety of business sectors (Thomas and Velthouse, 1990). The
well-being of the individual. Giving people authority fosters a culture where structures,
rules, and procedures are used to benefit both the organization and the employee.
Participation
involving employees in the decision-making process where the employees feel that they
have the opportunity to discuss problems and can influence organizational decisions. The
overall impact of participation is increased employee job performance and low turnover.
In addition, organizations can act to increase or decrease the levels of these mediator
variables within their personals and potentially strengthen the positive performance
(Lam et al, 2002). The employee will be motivated because management considers them
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improved performance through timely achievement of organizational goals and objectives
members in using their energy and thoughts and time in realizing organizational
full awareness in obeying and obeying and doing all their job duties properly
organization play a bigger role in the decision-making process. That employees are
employee participation in using their energy and thoughts and time in realizing
organizational goals based on full awareness of obeying and obeying and doing all their
means mental and emotional involvement rather than just physical activity.
Employees who like to express their opinions rather than just get involved in completing
important to motivate employees who make contributions. They are given the
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organizational goals. 3. Responsibilities Participation encourages employees to
accept responsibility for group activities. This is a social process so that employees can
and health. Where the effectiveness of occupational safety and health can be done
related to occupational safety and health and consciously always using personal
occupational safety and health by actively providing confidence and direction regarding
occupational safety and health can help develop employee perceptions about the
comply with safety regulations and participate actively in every company's Occupational
Motivation
workforce is costly in terms of high employee turnover, increased expenses, low morale,
and more managerial time (Jobber, 1994). As a result, management must understand what
sense that it is necessary when dealing with high-performing individuals; otherwise, their
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performance would deteriorate or they will just leave the company. When dealing with
outcomes, reduce production, and almost certainly will not leave because they have
Motivation is defined as "the reasons for one's actions" (Guay et al., 2010, p.
712). Motivation is defined by Gredler, Broussard, and Garrison (2004) as "the attribute
efficient volitional activity," Deci et al. (1999) write. Play, exploration, and challenge
seeking are examples of actions that people engage in for external benefits." Extrinsic
contrasted by researchers. Educators have traditionally thought that intrinsic drive is more
desirable and leads to higher learning outcomes than extrinsic motivation (Deci et al.,
1999).
cognitive actions (such monitoring and strategy use), non-cognitive components (like
perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes), or both. Academic motivation, for example, is defined
tenacity; task-endogeny; and the learning of tough, complex, and unique tasks" by
Gottfried (1990). Turner (1995), on the other hand, associates motivation with cognitive
36
engagement, which he describes as "voluntary applications of high-level self-regulated
One of the most crucial things, according to Le and Hwang, is inspiring people to
Motivation is also very crucial (Suwuh, 2015). Employees with low motivation struggle
to finish their allotted tasks because they lack excitement and give up easily. Employees
will be more excited about working if they are given the proper motivation (Harwiki,
2016).
performance. Employee motivation is tough to boost since people react to their jobs in
The supervisor wants to have an impact on the elements that drive employees to work
more. According to Darmon (1974), motivation is the process of teaching employees how
to direct their efforts toward organizational activities, hence improving the performance
of the boundary-spanning positions. Employees will become unsatisfied or lose their jobs
connected with employees while using various motivating approaches, and this
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involvement is linked to an increase in employee performance. As a result, there is a clear
Employee motivation is a big issue in the hotel sector because it is directly related
to employee turnover and overall hotel service quality (Chen, 2013). The entire
Furthermore, Suharno et al., (2017) suggested that motivation has been statistically
motivation is strong, then performance in carrying out obligations and duties would be
The literature and studies cited above, focus on the factors that affect and would
contribute to the performance of the employees in the retail industries, and hotel
industries. It can be observed that the focus of the existing studies is on the various
factors that affect the employees’ performance, such as work environment, transformation
leader, compensation, etc. However, it was not focused mainly on the merchandise
province of Zamboanga del Norte. Thus, the researchers were prompted to address the
gap and the paper is to be conducted in the local the Municipality of Rizal, Zamboanga
del Norte. Thus, the paper is conducted entitled “Factors affecting the employee's
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology used in the study. This includes the
research method, setting of the study, respondents of the study, research instrument,
validity and reliability, ethical consideration of the study, sampling procedure, data
gathering procedure, and statistical treatment that were used in the study.
Research Method
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This study shall use the descriptive-correlational method of research in a
data were statistically treated to achieve the primary objective of the study.
Research Environment
Zamboanga del Norte. Rizal is a coastal municipality in the province of Zamboanga del
Norte. The municipality has a land area of 80.03 square kilometers or 30.90 square miles
which constitutes 1.10% of Zamboanga del Norte's total area. Its population as
determined by the 2020 Census was 15,052. This represented 1.44% of the total
This study shall focus on the 10 selected grocery stores. The rationale for such a choice
was the fact that these grocery stores mostly have 2 or more employees.
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Respondents of the Study
41
The respondents of this study shall be limited to selected ten (10) grocery stores.
Further, there shall be a quota of three (3) employees per subjected grocery store who
shall assess the leadership and motivation practices of the grocery store owner with an
overall total of thirty (30) employees for the ten (10) selected grocery stores. Table 1
Grocery Store 1 5 3
Grocery Store 2 7 3
Grocery Store 3 5 3
Grocery Store 4 3 3
Grocery Store 5 4 3
Grocery Store 6 4 3
Grocery Store 7 4 3
Grocery Store 8 9 3
Grocery Store 9 4 3
Grocery Store 10 3 3
TOTAL 48 30
Research Instruments
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The researcher-made instrument will be utilized in the study. This study will use
questionnaire method in collecting data and information because it is easy for the
because their perception and personal experience contributes answers to the problem of
the study. This study shall use three (2) sets of questionnaires. The first set of the
questionnaire is the profiling of the employees focusing on the age, sex, civil status,
educational attainment and length of service. The second set of the questionnaire focuses
on coaching, empowerment, participation and job enrichment which are the indicators of
Prior to data collection, the researcher made a draft of the questionnaire and sent
it to the adviser for comments and suggestions. After it was reviewed by the adviser, it
was then passed to three experts on the subject, then to the members of the panel of
The instrument was modified when all the suggestions were employed and when
the research study was approved for questionnaire distribution. The self-made
questionnaire was sent for correction to the adviser, after which the experts on the
subjects were asked to give a verdict on its validity. Upon recommendations from the
specialist, certain items were updated. After the approval of the items by the specialist, a
Ethical Considerations
43
The current study was subject to certain ethical issues. As it was mentioned
earlier, all participants reported their written acceptance regarding their participation in
the research, through a signed consent and briefing letter. Both letters aimed to reassure
participants that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they were free to
withdraw from any of it at any point for any reason. Further, the researcher shall ensure
the safety and privacy of the research participants, and a competent level of anonymity of
individuals was also ensured. Furthermore, as this study is conducted during the Covid-
19 Pandemic, social distancing and other health protocols are observed and implemented.
After the questionnaire was validated, the researchers asked for the approval of
the research adviser and the panelists for the distribution of the research questionnaire.
The researchers asked permission through letters that were sent to the Associate Dean’s
Office. After the permission was granted to the researchers, questionnaires were
distributed to the respondents in order to fill up with answers to the questions asked. The
researchers strictly adhere to the health protocols of wearing face mask, maintaining 1
meter social distancing, and hand sanitizing upon the distribution of the questionnaires.
Furthermore, the respondents were given enough time to accomplish the questionnaire
before it was personally retrieved. Thereafter, the data were tabulated, analyzed and
Statistical Treatment
44
Inductive content analysis is used to best analyze the data in personal interviews.
According to Hall (2007), this analysis helps the researchers from developing theories
and identify themes from verbal and written materials. For the analysis of data from the
Frequency count and percentage will be used to determine the profile of the
Where:
P = Percentage
performance in terms of leadership and motivation. Also, this will be used to find out the
45
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Name (optional): _______________________________________________________
Part 1: Profile of the respondents. Direction: Put a check mark (√) in the space provided
1. Gender:
( ) Male ( ) Female
2. Age
3. Civil Status
4. Educational Attainment
5. Length of service
( ) Less than 1 year ( ) More than 1 year but less than 5 years
51
Part II : Directions: Below are the statements showing the factors affecting employees
performance. Please put a check mark (√) on the space provided and answer seriously and
honestly. Rest assured that the information gathered would be treated with strict confidentiality.
Use the following numerical rating provided below;
Statements 1 2 3 4 5
Coaching
The management highly encourages the employees to improve
their performances.
The management always communicates with the employees.
The employer always assesses the employees’ performance.
The management frequently addresses the way the employees
behave and work inside the workplace.
The management always gives direct feedback about the
employees’ performance.
Empowerment
1. The employer always suggests unity and harmony to his/her
employees.
2. The management makes sure that the employees are
involved in the decision-making processes that concern them.
3. The management always empowers the employees to make a
good job in the workplace.
4. The employer does not do biases among his/her employees
but rather chooses fairness.
5. The employer acknowledges good-performing employees.
Participation.
The employer always makes sure that there is active
participation in the workplace.
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The management frequently creates activities that develops
productivity of his/her employees.
The management continuously boosts the employees’
influence in his/her working capacity.
The employer builds s strong partnership with his/her
employees.
The management talks with his/her employee’s about their
development and well-being.
Job enrichment
The management challenges the employees in their field of
work to develop creativity and innovation.
The employer puts his/her employees in redesigned roles to
increase productivity.
The management produces less repetitive work that will not
lose employees’ work interest.
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Republic of the Philippines
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Main Campus, Dapitan City
NOVEMBER 2022
The Respondents
Greetings!
The undersigned students at Jose Rizal Memorial State University are currently
conducting a study entitled “Factors Affecting Employees Performance in Grocery
Stores”.
In line with this, it is asked that you become one of the respondents for the study. Kindly
answer the questions attached. All information provided will be kept in utmost
confidentiality and used only for academic purposes and will not appear in any
publications resulting from this study unless agreed to.
Thank you.
Truly yours,
Researcher Researcher
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