UNIT 1: REVIEW: SET ASSIGMENT

BRIEF
APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION DEFINITION
Newton’s second law states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly
proportional to the force applied. The change in momentum is in the direction of the
force applied.

Overview of Applications Of Newton'S Second Law Of Motion

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The force in the context of Newton’s second law is an external force which
when applied to an object in question, changes the state of motion of the
object. This change in the state of motion of the system is quantified by the
quantity called velocity. Velocity, which is defined by both speed and direction,
can accurately tell about the impact of the externally applied force on the
change in the state of motion of the object. Change in either speed or
direction can tell by how much amount the force changed the state of motion
of the object. The momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity
of an object in motion.

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If a stone tied to a string is rotated in a horizontal circle with a uniform
velocity. Then, it implies that an amount of force is required to be applied
through the string to change the direction of momentum of the rotating stone.
Another example could be a heavy vehicle and a lighter vehicle, both moving
at the same speed. A large amount of force is required to change the
momentum of the heavier vehicle in comparison to the amount of force
required to change the momentum of the lighter vehicle. These cases suggest
that the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to
the net force applied and in the direction of applied force.

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If Fnet represents the net external force applied for a time duration 'dt', then for
momentum ‘p’ of an object,

This represents the second law of motion where ‘k’ represents the constant of
proportionality.

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WHAT IS NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION?

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QUESTION
Using newtons second law of motion what would the acceleration be with a
force of 50 g and mass of 500 grams

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The surface is smooth and the effects of friction can be ignored.
(a) Calculate the force required for the crate to accelerate at an initial
rate of 2 m/s2.

As per newton's second law

∑F = ma
∴F = ma
a =F/M
NOW ASSUME NET FORCE IS 25 N
=25N/250KG =0.1N/KG
a=0.1N/KG = 0.5KGXm/s2/KG = 0.1 m/s2
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(b) Calculate the normal reaction exerted on the crate.
now force = Mass x Acceleration
Or

F=ma
Now
mxa=250 x 2m/s2
=500 N

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so the force we required is 500 N

HOWEVER force may be combination of many unseen forcesssuch as graavity

friction with surface & air resistence.there fore it is more useful to know how
to calculate the force reqired to move an object from its mass & accelaration.

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VOLUME EXPANSION DEFINITION
The increase in the volume of substances with a change of temperature is known as
volume expansion.

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A container has a mass of 78.91 g when empty and 92.44 g when filled with
water. The density of water is 1.0000 g/cm3. (a) Calculate the volume of the
container. (b) When filled with an unknown liquid, the container had a mass of
88.42 g. Calculate the density of the unknown liquid.

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