DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

“EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS”
Lesson 1

NAME: ____________________________________________ SECTION: _______________________

SUBJECT TEACHER: _________________________________ DATE: __________________________

Earthquake is regarded as one of the most frightening natural

disasters, it is because seconds of its occurrence can be more destructive
than days of a typhoon. Besides, an earthquake comes with very little
warning.
In this module, we will equip ourselves with knowledge on various
potential earthquake hazards and reduction of its risks.

Earthquake
hazards

Earthquake Risk
Reduction

Effects of
Earthquake
Hazards
Earthquake Hazard
Maps

LESSONS and COVERAGE

image © google

Scan the QR Code in the separate box to the right. What

do you feel after watching the video? Write down some of LET’S REVIEW 10 minutes
your thoughts below.

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

 ACTIVITY NO. 1 5 minutes

DIRECTIONS: In this activity, recall everything

you have learned before this lesson. Answer
the first and second column questions – What
I know about earthquakes; and What I want to
know earthquakes.

MELCs
▪ Identify various potential earthquake hazards;
▪ Recognize the natural signs of an impending tsunami;
▪ Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards; and
▪ Interpret different earthquake hazard maps.

OBJECTIVES:
❑ Identify and describe potential earthquake hazards;
❑ Enumerate and recognize natural signs of an impending tsunami;
❑ Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards; and
❑ Understand and interpret earthquake hazard maps.

TARGETS

EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS

An earthquake poses a lot of hazards which can contribute to large economic

and human losses, and represents a serious impediment to socioeconomic
development, creation of jobs and availability of funds for poverty reduction initiatives.
In your previous lessons about earthquake, you have learned how an earthquake
starts, where it usually originates and the type of plate motion that usually causes an
earthquake. Now, it is essential for you to learn what are the impending threats and
hazards that go along with an occurrence of an earthquake. Ultimately, this will help you
develop sense of preparedness by equipping you with necessary knowledge on the
different earthquake hazards.

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

What are Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquake Hazards refer to earthquake agents which have the potential to cause
harm to a vulnerable target which can either be humans, animals or even environment.
The effects of an earthquake can be classified as primary or secondary.
• Primary effects are permanent features an earthquake can bring out.
Examples include fault scarps, surface ruptures, and offsets of natural or
human-constructed objects.
• Secondary effects happen when ground movement results to other types of
destruction. Examples include landslides, tsunami, liquefaction, and fire.

Below are the different earthquake hazards, their description, and effects:

Retrieved from: https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-preparedness

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

 ACTIVITY NO. 2 30 minutes

“How Safe is My House?”

DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you are going to utilize the self-check tool designed by
PHILVOCS and other organizations to assess the safety of your house when it comes to
earthquakes. Answer the questions found on the self-check tool and put the score and
interpretation of the score on the space provided below.

What is the total score of your assessment?

____________________

What is the interpretation?

__________________________________________

What can you do to lessen your vulnerability to

earthquakes?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Link for the tool:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8_KPQhbpktXUHZUTFN0dnhzbE0/view

METHODS OF REDUCING EARTHQUAKE RISKS

1. Effective recording and interpretation of ground

motion
This can be done by effective instrumentation to
determine the location, strength, and frequency
of earthquakes. This assists in providing alerts and
warnings especially to high-risk or vulnerable
areas for preparation and emergency response.
image © google

2. Seismic hazard maps

A seismic hazard map shows the potential
hazards in each area. In many regions in our
country, seismic expectancy maps or hazard maps
are now available for planning purposes. It serves as
basis for disaster management information like
locations for evacuation and evacuation routes.
The anticipated intensity of ground shaking is
represented by a number called the peak
image © google
acceleration or the peak velocity.

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

 3. Developing resistant structures
Resistant structures can withstand
collapse by redistributing forces
caused by seismic waves through
shear walls. Developing
engineered structural designs that
can resist the forces generated by
seismic waves can be achieved
either by following building codes
based on hazard maps or by
appropriate methods of analysis. Source: Steel for earthquake-proof houses, Steel-Frames, 1600 x 680, Published Nov 6, 2017 by
Posco Newsroom, Accessed June 2, 2020, https://dh4drhh3phab.cloudfront.net/en/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/Steel-Frames.jpg

The Philippines is prone to natural calamities. For this reason, pushing for programs
that build calamity-proof housing projects must be given importance. Steel, capable of
withstanding enormous force without getting damaged, is usually used as frame in
making such houses for it provides great deal of security. Other essential characteristics
of steel are easy to maintain and can withstand the test of time and has high strength to
weight ratio. Moreover, it is proven to be eco-friendly.

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPS

ACTIVITY NO. 3 30 minutes

DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you are going to analyze and interpret different hazard
maps of Rizal Province related to earthquakes. Identify whether the province has
high exposure to the different earthquake hazards.

Use this link to get the hazard maps for Rizal:

https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-related-hazard-
gis-information

Provide the hazard maps for the different earthquake hazards and write your
analysis of the map in space provided below.

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

 ACTIVITY NO. 4 20 minutes

DIRECTIONS: What to Do? Provide the things that should be done before, during and
after an earthquake on the space provided below.

Before During After

Obedience:
a commitment
“The commitment to listening and consequent action towards
to listening and
consequent
DRR management helps mitigate the effects of disasters.”
action

Why is obedience important in

mitigating the effects of disasters?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

 CHECK YOURSELF

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reduction of earthquake risks?

A. Hazards maps must be made.
B. Accurate data recording of earthquakes.
C. Strong and resilient buildings must be developed.
D. Careful analysis and interpretation of ground shaking is unnecessary.
2. Which secondary effect of an earthquake is described as collapse of buildings caused by
earthquake vibrating water-saturated fill or unconsolidated soil?
A. flood C. landslide
B. liquefaction D. tsunami
3. Which of the following is a primary hazard caused by an earthquake?
A. cracks on the ground/ faults C. liquefaction
B. landslides D. tsunami
4. When you are inside a building when earthquake begins, you should _______________.
A. Run outside immediately
B. Duck, cover and hold on
C. Go to an open space.
D. Call your friends and relatives to let them know if you are okay or not.
5. If you are at risk from earthquakes, what can you do to prepare for an earthquake?
A. Choose a safe place in every room of your house like sturdy tables or desk.
B. Develop a family disaster plan.
C. Educate yourself on earthquake safety measures.
D. All of the above

ACTIVITY NO. 6

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

References:

Lanada, M. B., Melegrito, L. F., & Mendoza, D. I. (2016). Building Resilient Communities.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Rimando, R. E., & Belen, J. G. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (1 ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Bookstore.

Oliva, M. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Makati, Philippines: DIWA
Learning Systems Inc.

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/introduction-to-earthquake

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction