Earthquake Hazards

LESSON 4
Second Semester
2022-2023
 Earthquake Hazards
LESSON 4
Second Semester
2022-2023
Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the learners are
expected to:

• Identify different potential earthquake hazards

• Analyze the effects of the different earthquake
hazards
• Determine precautionary and safety measures
before, during, and after an earthquake

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Effects of Disasters
Primary Effects direct situations arising from
the disaster itself

situations resulting from the

Secondary Effects primary effects

those that are not

experienced as a disaster is
Tertiary Effects taking place but can be felt
some time after the disaster
has occurred
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 Effects of Disasters

Primary Effects Secondary Effects Tertiary Effects

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 https://www.nytimes.com/

Think about it.

What is the connection between these pictures?
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Earthquake
An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes
causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust
or volcanic action. There are two types of earthquakes: tectonic and
volcanic earthquakes.
Magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake source.
Intensity is a measure of the shaking and damage caused by the
earthquake.

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Earthquake

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 Fault
It refers to a fracture,
fissure or a zone of
weakness on the
Earth’s crust where
movement or
displacement has
occurred or may occur
again. There are three
types of faults: oblique,
reverse, and strike-slip.

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 Fault
two plates that are sliding faults which show both dip-
past each other slip and strike-slip motion

one plate is pushing into

another plate

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Faults in the
Philippines
The Philippines is consisting of
five (5) active faults that we
need to keep a watch on:
1. Marikina Valley FS
2. Western Philippines FL
3. Eastern Philippines FL
4. Southern Mindanao FL
5. Central Philippine FZ
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Faults in Davao City
Metro Davao is traversed
by the Central Davao
Fault System composed
of Tamugan Fault,
Lacson Fault, Dacudao
Fault, Pangyan-Biao
Escuela Fault, and New
Carmen Fault.

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Disaster Readiness
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Earthquake Hazards
Ground Rupture
This is a
deformation on the
ground that marks
the intersection of
the fault with the
earth’s surface.
Effects: fissuring,
displacement of the ground
due to movement of the fault https://news.abs-cbn.com/

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Earthquake Hazards
Ground Shaking
This is a disruptive
up, down and
sideways vibration
of the ground
during an
earthquake.
Effects: can cause damage or
collapse of structure; may
consequently cause hazards such
as liquefaction and landslide
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Earthquake Hazards
Liquefaction
This is a phenomenon
wherein sediments,
especially near bodies
of water, behave like
liquid similar to a
quicksand.
Effects: sinking and/ or tilting of
structure above it; sand boil;
fissuring https://www.nzsee.org.nz/

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Earthquake Hazards
Earthquake-induced
Landslide
This is down slope
movement of rocks,
solid and other debris
commonly triggered by
strong shaking.
Effects: erosion; burial and
blockage of roads and rivers
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Earthquake Hazards
Tsunami
This is a series of
waves caused
commonly by an
earthquake under
the sea.
Effects: flooding; coastal
erosion; drowning of people
and damage to properties
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Earthquake Hazards
Signs of an
Impending Tsunami
1. A felt earthquake
2. Unusual sea level
change
3. Rumbling sound
of approaching
wave
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 Earthquake Hazard Map
It is a map that shows different areas which can be affected by earthquakes.

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 People and properties are affected by earthquake
due to any or a combination of the following:

• unsafe location
• poor construction • people’s ignorance
and apathy • lack of timely and proper
response
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Early Signs of an Earthquake
At present, THERE IS NO INSTRUMENT
that can accurately tell the time and place of
an impending earthquake.
The United States of America has developed Earthquake
Early Warning (EEW) systems which use earthquake
science and the technology of monitoring systems to alert
devices and people when shaking waves generated by an
earthquake are expected to arrive at their location.
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 Column Work.
List precautionary measures before, during, and after
an earthquake. Then demonstrate them to the class.
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Earthquake Precautionary and Safety Measures
What to do BEFORE an
Earthquake:
• Prepare a survival kit.
• Avoid placing breakables on high
shelves or cabinet.
• Regularly check the stability of hanging
objects such as ceiling fans and
chandeliers.
• Fasten heavy furniture to the walls or
floor. Tall cabinets can be secured by
hooking them up against the wall.

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Earthquake Precautionary and Safety Measures
What to do DURING an
Earthquake (Indoors):
• Stay calm. Duck under a sturdy table
and protect your head. Remember
the DCH (Drop, Cover, and Hold on)
method.
• Stay away from glass windows and
doors, and heavy furniture.
• Watch out for falling debris or
objects.
• Never use an elevator to get out of
the building.
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Earthquake Precautionary and Safety Measures
What to do DURING an
Earthquake (Outdoors):
• Stay clear of buildings, trees, light
posts, power lines, and other
structures that could fall or collapse
on you.

• If you are in a mountainous area, be

alert for falling rocks and other
debris. If you are in a coastal area,
move to a higher ground.

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Earthquake Precautionary and Safety Measures
What to do DURING an
Earthquake (Driving):
• Slow down and turn on the hazard
lights to alert other drivers. Stay
inside the car until the shaking stops.

• Avoid pulling up near or under

bridges, overpasses, and power
lines that may fall or collapse.

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Earthquake Precautionary and Safety Measures
What to do AFTER an
Earthquake:
• Expect aftershocks, so remain calm.
• Check yourself and others for injuries. Call for
medical assistance.
• Stay away from downed or damaged power
lines.
• Check for damaged electrical wiring. Shut off
main switch.
• Inspect gas tanks (by smell only) for leaks.
• Tune in to local radio stations for any news and
danger reports.
• Stay out of damaged buildings and areas with
broken glass and debris.
• Follow the emergency plan or the instructions
of building personnel if you are inside a
building.
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 What are the
effects of the
different
earthquake hazards
to the community?

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TO DO LIST
Please be mindful of the following:
❑Access and complete the
Lesson Activity in Hurtado.
❑Read articles on volcanic
hazards and their impacts to
the community.
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 Disaster
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Risk Reduction
Written Work 2
Individual Output
Second Semester
2022-2023
Written Work 2
Home Evacuation Map
Instructions:
• The learners are going to draw their own home evacuation map
(must include legends, routes of evacuation, and evacuation area).
• The learners are going to identify and take pictures of at least 5
hazards found in their own homes.
• After identifying the hazards, the learners should suggest
precautionary and safety measures.

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Ateneo de Davao University
Senior High School

Ateneo de Davao University

Senior High School
Written Works 2

Home Evacuation Map

[Name of Proponent]

12 – [Section]
[Home Evacuation Map]
Presented to:
[Name of Subject Teacher]

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 Ateneo de Davao University
Senior High School

Ateneo de Davao University

Suggested Senior High School
Description of
Picture of Hazard Precautionary and
Hazard
Safety Measure(s)

Suggested
Description of
Picture of Hazard Precautionary and
Hazard
Glass Window - Stay away from Safety Measure(s)
- Make cause window during
injury if the disaster
shattered

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Format
• Word Document: Letter Sized
• Page Orientation: Portrait
• Font Style: Arial
• Font Size:
• Title: 14
• Content: 12
• Number of Pages Required: Maximum 10
• Deadline: February 16, 2023
• Logo: SHS Logo and AdDU Logo must be shown and used
appropriately.

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RUBRICS

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 Evacuation Map The evacuation map includes only 2 of
the following elements:
(X2)
i. A 'You Are Here' location
ii. Primary and secondary entrance
routes.
iii. All exit doors and stairwells.
iv. An Assembly Area. ...
v. A legend that illustrates and explains
your map.
The evacuation map includes only 3 of
the following elements:
i. A 'You Are Here' location
ii. Primary and secondary entrance
routes.
iii. All exit doors and stairwells.
iv. An Assembly Area. ...
v. A legend that illustrates and explains
your map.
The evacuation map includes only 4 of
the following elements:
i. A 'You Are Here' location
ii. Primary and secondary entrance
routes.
iii. All exit doors and stairwells.
iv. An Assembly Area. ...
v. A legend that illustrates and explains
your map.
The evacuation map includes all of the following
elements:
i. A 'You Are Here' location
ii. Primary and secondary entrances routes.
iii. All exit doors and stairwells.
iv. An Assembly Area. ...
v. A legend that illustrates and explains your map.

Identification of The output includes 1-2 identified and The output includes 3 identified and The output includes 4 identified and The output includes 5 or more identified and described
described hazards with their actual described hazards with their actual described hazards with their actual hazards with their actual images.
Hazards
images. images. images.
(X2)

Identification of The output includes a total of one to two The output includes a total of three The output includes a total of four The output includes a total of five or more suggestions to
suggestions to mitigate the identified suggestions to mitigate the identified suggestions to mitigate the identified mitigate the identified hazards (at least one per hazard).
Suggested Mitigation
hazards (at least one per hazard). hazards (at least one per hazard). hazards (at least one per hazard).
Procedures
(X2)

Language Use, So many spelling, punctuation, and A number of spelling, punctuation or Few spelling and punctuation errors, Virtually no spelling, punctuation or grammatical error
Style & grammatical errors that it interferes with grammatical errors. minor grammatical errors. .
Conventions the meaning.
(four to six errors were sighted) (one to three errors were sighted)
(Sentence (seven or more errors were sighted)
structure, word
choice, grammar,
spelling,
punctuation)

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 Format The output was written using only The output was written using only The output was written using only The output was written using all the following
two of the following format: three of the following format: four of the following format: format:
Word Document Word Document Word Document Word Document

•Letter Size (8” x 11”)
•Font Style: Arial
•Font Size: at least 12
•Page number (Number of pages
Required: Maximum of 10)
•Logo: SHS Logo and AdDU Logo
must be shown and used
appropriately.
•Letter Size (8” x 11”)
•Font Style: Arial
•Font Size: at least 12
•Page number (Number of pages
Required: Maximum of 10)
•Logo: SHS Logo and AdDU Logo
must be shown and used
appropriately.
•Letter Size (8” x 11”)
•Font Style: Arial
•Font Size: at least 12
•Page number (Number of pages
Required: Maximum of 10)
•Logo: SHS Logo and AdDU Logo
must be shown and used
appropriately.
•Letter Size (8” x 11”)
•Font Style: Arial
•Font Size: at least 12
•Page (Number of pages Required: Maximum of
10)
•Logo: SHS Logo and AdDU Logo must be shown
and used appropriately.

Promptness The output was submitted three The output was submitted two days The output was submitted one day The output was submitted on time. (refer to the
days or more after the due date and after the due date and time. after the due date and time. instructed due date and time c/o teacher)
time.

References The output missed to enlist seven or The output missed to enlist four to The output missed to enlist one to The output enlists all the references/source used
more references/source used (both six references/source used (both three references/source used (both (both texts and photos).
texts and photos). texts and photos). texts and photos).

TOTAL /40
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