This Disaster Risk Reduction and

Disaster Risk Management (DRRM) course has

been designed to provide an in-
Reduction depth overview of DRRM to
humanitarian professionals
Management interested in expanding their
knowledge on DRRM.
Disasters have devastating consequences. They cause death, injury,
disease, the destruction of property and other assets, mass displacement,
social and economic disruption, loss of infrastructure and other services,
and damage to the environment. Poor people living in low and middle
income countries have paid a disproportionate price in terms of human
suffering. Their exposure to hazards is exacerbated by poverty, lack of
early warning systems, poor risk governance and an absence of the civil
protection mechanisms that are taken for granted in high-income
countries. However, while we can’t prevent a hazard from occurring, we
can use disaster risk reduction and management to understand risk and
vulnerability, prevent a hazard from becoming a disaster, and mitigate its
impact by making people more resilient.
What is Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management?
The National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council
(NDRRMC), formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating
Council (NDCC), is a working group of various government, non-
government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the
Government of the Republic of the Philippines established by
Republic
What are the 3 However, it has been found that disasters can be
classified into three types:
types of (1) natural;

disasters? (2) man-made; and

(3) hybrid ((There are disasters that result from both
human error and natural forces. These are hybrid
disasters.
An example of a hybrid disaster is the extensive clearing of
jungles causing soil erosion, and subsequently heavy rain
causing landslides). Natural disasters are catastrophic
events resulting from natural causes such as volcanic
eruptions, tornadoes, earthquakes, etc., over which man
has no control.
Disaster Mathematical
Equation
Hazard Vulnerability Exposure
People, property, systems,
A dangerous Characteristics &
or other elements present
phenomenon, circumstances that make a
community, system or
in hazard zones that are
substance,
human activity or asset susceptible (to be thereby subject to
condition harmed) to the damaging potential losses
effects of hazard
Disaster Risk
Capacity The potential disaster losses
A COMBINATION of all the in lives, health status,
strengths, attributes & resources livelihoods, assets & services
available that can reduce the level
of risk or effects of disaster
 The National Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Plan (NDRRMP) covers four
thematic areas, namely, (1) Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation; (2) Disaster Preparedness; (3)
Disaster Response; and (4) Disaster
Rehabilitation and Recovery, which correspond
to the structure of the National Disaster Risk
Four Thematic Reduction and Management Council
(NDRRMC).

Areas
What is the meaning of thematic area?
Thematic Areas means the areas whose design,
construction and operation are the
Organizer's responsibility.
The NDRRMP covers four thematic areas
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

+ 1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

+ 2. Disaster Preparedness
+ 3. Disaster Response and
+ 4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
+ These correspond to the structure of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC)
+ These common elements allow you to prepare for and protect yourself and your animals
from disaster.

Prevention – outright
Mitigation – lessening or
avoidance of adverse impacts
limitation of adverse impacts
of hazards
Recovery – decisions &
Disaster Response – actions taken after a disaster
provision of emergency to restoring or improving the
services & public assistance pre-disaster living
during or after a disaster condition/necessary
adjustments
Preparedness – knowledge &
capacity developed to
effectively anticipate,
respond to & recover from
the impacts
Rehabilitation – ensures the
ability of affected
communities to restore their
normal level by rebuilding
Disaster Risk and Geographic
Profile of the Philippines
What is disaster risk profile?

The risk profile considers a large number of possible scenarios, their likelihood, and associated impacts. A significant amount of
scientific information on hazard, exposure, and vulnerabilities has been used to simulate disaster risk.

What is geographic profile of the Philippines?

Location: The Philippines comprises an archipelago of some 7,107 islands located off Southeast Asia, between the South China
Sea on the west and the Philippine Sea on the east. The major islands are Luzon in the north, the Visayan Islands in the middle,
and Mindanao in the south. The climate of the Philippines is tropical marine with a northeast monsoon from November to April
and a southwest monsoon from May to October.

The Philippines, like many other tropical island nations, has problems with deforestation and soil and water pollution. The
Philippines' problems with air pollution are especially bad because of large populations in its urban centers.
 What are the physical features of the Philippines?
Outstanding physical features of the Philippines include the irregular configuration of the
archipelago, the coastline of some 22,550 miles (36,290 km), the great extent of
mountainous country, the narrow and interrupted coastal plains, the generally northward
trend of the river systems, and the spectacular lakes.
How would you describe Philippines?
The Philippines is a tropical country in Pacific Ocean, blessed with beautiful natural
landscapes - and active volcanoes and extreme weather patterns. The Philippines,
consisting of some 7,107 islands, is located in the western Pacific Ocean. Taiwan lies to its
north, and Vietnam to the west.
 The Philippines is located in an area affected by natural disasters
called the Ring of Fire or Typhoon Belt. This is a Pacific Ocean
region that experiences a great number of volcanic eruptions and
earthquakes.
The most dangerous natural events to be aware of while traveling
to the Philippines are:
a. Typhoons. Every year, 19 typhoons enter the Philippine region
and about 7 or 8 make landfall. In the past, some have been

The Most Common extraordinarily powerful and caused casualties and the collapse of
infrastructures in the affected areas

Natural Disasters in
b. Volcanic eruptions. There are currently 23 active volcanoes in
the Philippines. Although they provide an extraordinary spectacle
and tourists consider them a unique opportunity for photography,
hiking, and other outdoor activities, active volcanoes are

the Philippines extremely dangerous. They can erupt without warning and
produce sudden steam and ash explosions
c. Earthquakes. The Philippines is considered an earthquake zone,
where more than 30 earthquakes can take place in just one year.
The strongest earthquakes in the Philippines was registered in
1976 with a 7.9 magnitude
d. Secondary effects. The high frequency of earthquakes and
typhoons also results in a number of secondary events to watch
out for like flooding's and landslides
 WHAT TO DO:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Keep your radio or Do not use your Stay indoor as Stay away from Evacuate to higher Familiarize yourself Do not use the
other phone to make flying objects are a coasts and grounds in case with the elevator and
communication calls unless it’s an great danger riverbanks you are in a low- building or refuge choose the stairs
devices on and emergency. The during heavy lying area. Your you’re in — know instead
listen to channels are likely storms and hotel should have where the nearest
instructions to be very busy typhoons. Avoid an evacuation plan exits, first-aid kits,
carefully and the local buildings with in place. If not, flashlights, and
authorities and glass panes follow the locals water are. Stay
emergency away from
services need free breakable,
lines to provide chemical, and
assistance flammable items
 Geography - note
note 1: for decades, the Philippine archipelago was reported as having 7,107 islands; in 2016, the
national mapping authority reported that hundreds of new islands had been discovered and
increased the number of islands to 7,641 - though not all of the new islands have been verified;
the country is favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the
South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait
note 2: Philippines is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and
earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and
some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 3: the Philippines sits astride the Pacific typhoon belt and an average of 9 typhoons make
landfall on the islands each year - with about 5 of these being destructive; the country is the
most exposed in the world to tropical storms
PDRRMS 101: The DRRM Law
(RA 10121)
What is the DRRM Act?
Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (DRRM Act) is a
law which transforms the Philippines’ disaster management
system from disaster relief and response towards disaster
risk reduction (DRR). It was approved on May 27, 2010. It
repealed Presidential Decree No. 1566 which was enacted
way back in 1978.
Why do we need to have a new law?
Under the old law (P.D. 1566), disaster management
centered only around the hazard and the impacts of a
disaster. It assumed that disasters cannot be avoided. Most
of the plans were on the provision of relief goods and
infrastructures like dikes and flood control systems. The
government’s response to disaster was focused on disaster
response. The national and local governments were reactive
to disasters.