DISASTER & DISASTER RISK
- strength: 290 km/hour
Understanding Disasters
Disasters - emergencies that cannot be
handled by those affected without outside
assistance. They are caused by natural or
man-made events wherein communities
experience severe danger and incur loss
of lives and properties causing disruption
to their social structure and all or some of
the affected communities essential
functions.
DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
UNISDR - United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction
● (VULNERABILITY + HAZARD) /
CAPACITY = DISASTER
- a disaster occurs when a hazard impacts
on vulnerable people.
- the combination of hazards, vulnerability
and inability to reduce the potential
negative consequences of risk results in
disaster.
HOW AND WHEN AN EVENT
BECOMES A DISASTER?
● An event, either human - made or
natural, becomes a disaster when
it is sudden or progressive,
causing widespread human,
material or environmental losses.
Typhoon Odette
- winds of up to 155 km/h (96 mph) prior to
landfall.
- brought torrential rains, violent winds,
mudslides, floods and storm surges to
the central-southern philippines,
specifically the Visayas and Mindanao
Islands.
- leaves at least 375 dead in the
philippines.
Typhoon Yolanda
- the storm surge it brought was sudden
and unexpected.
- its devastating effect on humans,
material, and environment.
- more than 7000 people perished
- the entire city of Tacloban was
flattened.
WOW WOWIE STAMPEDE
> the show became so popular that
thousands of fans flock to ultra to watch
the noon time show. That turned out to be
a disastrous tragedy when there was
human – induced disturbance among the
watching crowd that caused a stampede.
Typhoon Ondoy
- typhoon ondoy turned into a disaster
because of the amount of precipitation
brought by its torrential rains that lasted
for several days causing floods and flash
floods in metro manila.
- thousands of houses were submerged in
flood water. Hundreds of shelters along
river banks and stereos along river banks
and stereos were washed out. Power and
water supplies were cut off for several
weeks.
- hundreds of lives perished.
UNDERSTANDING DISASTER RISKS
- is the probability of harmful
consequences, or expected loss of lives,
people injured, livelihoods, disruption of
economic activities and damages to the
environment as a result of interactions
between natural or human induced
hazards and vulnerable/capable
conditions.
- the probability that a community’s
structure or geographic area is to be
damaged or disrupted by the impact of a
particular hazard, on account of its nature,
construction and proximity to a hazardous
area.
- it signifies the possibility of adverse
effects in the future. It is derived from the
interaction of social and environmental
processes, from the combination of
physical hazards and the vulnerability of
exposed elements.
The conventional approach
Whenever a calamity occurs in managing
its aftermath, which is very reactive as one
takes action only after the disaster
happened.
The proactive approach being adopted
is called disaster risk reduction, where
risks are reduced and managed.
Disaster Risk
- is expressed as the likelihood of loss of
life, injury or destruction and damage from
a disaster in a given period of time.
- disaster risk is widely recognized as the
consequence of the interaction between a
hazard and the characteristics that make
people and places vulnerable and
exposed.
Vulnerability
- It is “a condition determined by physical,
social, economic, and environmental
factors or processes “which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazards.”
- It is the extent to which a community,
structure, service, or geographical area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted by
the impact of a particular hazard, on
account of its nature, construction, and
proximity to hazardous terrain or a
disaster-prone area.
Elements at risk - include persons,
buildings, crops, and other components
exposed to known disaster hazards and
which are likely to be adversely affected
by the impact of these hazards.
VULNERABILITY
Is most often associated with poverty, but
it can also arise when people are isolated,
insecure and defenceless in the face of
risk, shock or stress.
examples may include:
- poor design and construction of
buildings,
- inadequate protection of assets,
- lack of public information and
awareness,
- limited official recognition of risks and
preparedness measures, and;
- disregard for wise environmental
management.
Different TYPES OF VULNERABILITIES
● Physical Vulnerability - human-
made environment, e.g (buildings
and infrastructure)
● Environmental Vulnerability -
natural environment, e.g
(agriculture, forestry, and
aquaculture)
● Social Vulnerability - the
susceptibility of the population, the
social institutions or organizations,
communities, and society.
● Economic Vulnerability - the
assets and resources of the
community that are susceptible to
disasters, including the
productions, distribution, and
utlization of goods and services
that ensure the well – being of the
people.
WHAT IS THE REVERSE COIN OF
VULNERABILITY?
The Reversesideo The Coin i s
capacity, which can be described
as the resources available to
individuals , household and
communities to cope with a threat or
to resist the impact of a hazard. Such
resources can be physical or material,
but they can also be found in the way
a community is organized or in the
skills or attributes of individuals
and/or organizations in the community.
Recovery - actions taken after an
emergency to restore and resume normal
operations.
Mitigation - effects to reduce the effects
or risks associated with hazards.
Preparedness - actions taken prior to an
emergency to facilitate responses and
promote readiness.
Continuity - actions taken to protect the
campus mission from disruption.
Continuity influences all four planning
phases of emergency management.
Responses - actions taken during an
emergency to save lives, property, and
environment.
HAZARDS
- are potentially damaging physical
events, phenomena or human activities
that may cause injury or loss of life,
damage to property, social and economic
disruption, or environmental degradation.
(UNISDR, 2007)
- threat to our safety and survival because
of its adverse effects, it is necessary to
understand their nature.
GENERAL KINDS OF HAZARDS
A. Natural Hazards - beyond human
control.
- hydro-meteorological and climatological
hazards
- geological hazards
- biological hazards
- astronomical hazards
B. Human-induced Hazards - may be
due to accidents, carelessness, or inability
to implement protective measures.
- fire
- industrial and technological hazards
- hazards related to high-risk recreation
activities
-others hazardous human activities
C. Hazards deliberately planned by
people - arson, terrorism, and wars
TOOLS IN DOING A HAZARD
ANALYSIS
1. Community Hazards and disaster
history construction - in this method, the
existing hazards and the disasters that the
community experienced are identified.
2. Hazard and Vulnerability Mapping -
areas in the community that are
vulnerable to a specific hazard are
identified then located in the map.
3. Factor Analysis - the tool describes
the characteristics of the hazard in terms
of the following (heijmans & victoria, 2001)
a. Frequency - how often does the
hazard occur?
b. Duration - how long does it occur?
c. Speed of Onset - how fast does it
occur upon initial detection?
d. Intensity - what is the strength or
magnitude?
e. Probability - what is the chance
that it will occur?
f. Forewarning - is there adequate
time to prepare upon detection?
Are there signals before
occurrence?
g. Manageability - how manageable
are the effects of the hazard?
“Remember; when disaster strikes, the
time to prepare has passed.” – steven
cyros
VULNERABILITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
TO DISASTERS
- IT IS A KNOWN FACT THAT OUR
COUNTRY IS VERY VULNERABLE TO
DISASTERS AND MOST
OF THE RECORDED EVENTS WITH
GREAT NUMBER OF CASUALTIES
WERE UNEXPECTED.
ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS
UNIVERSITY (UNU) WORLD RISK
REPORT 2014, THE PHILIPPINES IS
ONE OF THE MOST AT‐ RISK NATIONS
TO DISASTERS (UNU, 2014). HAZARDS
SUCH AS TROPICAL CYCLONES (TCS),
MONSOON RAINS, DROUGHTS,
EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS, AND TSUNAMIS FIND A
HOME IN THE PHILIPPINES (HUIGEN
AND JENS, 2006; YUMUL ET AL., 2011)
Housing Materials
- Filipino homes are made of light
materials.
Location of the Philippines
- pag-asa states that around 19-20
typhoons enter the philippine area of
responsibility every year.
• THE LOCATION OF THE PHILS IN THE
PACIFIC MAKES IT VERY VULNERABLE
TO METEOROLOGICAL
DISTURBANCES SUCH AS TYPHOON.
• THE PHILIPPINES IS AN
ARCHIPELAGIC COUNTRY LOCATED
IN
THE PACIFIC OCEAN. IT IS
GENERALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE
GEOGRAPHIC, CULTURAL AND
ECONOMIC REGIONS FROM
NORTH TO SOUTH: LUZON, VISAYAS
AND MINDANAO.
• THE TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE
OF THE PHILIPPINES IS
CHARACTERIZED BY TWO GENERAL
SEASONS: THE WET AND THE
DRY SEASON. ANNUAL
PRECIPITATION IS BETWEEN 965 AND
4000 MM.
Philippine Vulnerability to Natural
Disaster
- The Philippines lies in the pacific
typhoon belt and we are visited by an
average of 20 typhoons every year.
- the rugged nature of our landscape
makes our communities very vulnerable to
landslides, mudflows and other disasters.
- the philippines is an archipelagic country
with many small islands.
- many of our areas are also below sea
level.
- with one of the longest in the world at 32,
400 km, we have many areas that are
vulnerable to storm surges.
- the philippines is still a primary
agricultural and fishing economy.
Philippine Exposure and Vulnerabilities
to Natural Disaster
● 8 out of 10 cities most exposed to
natural hazards are in the
philippines. (phil star, 2014)
● study also found that of the 100
cities with the greatest exposure to
natural hazard, 21 are in the
philippines, 16 in china, 11 in japan
and 8 in bangladesh.
The philippines is located in the western
ring of the pacific ocean where many
active faults, trenches, and volcanoes
that can trigger earthquakes.
Following the 2015 Nepal earthquake, the
philippine institute of volcanology &
seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government
agency responsible for forecasting
volcanic eruptions & earthquakes,
released the valley fault system atlas.
The maps highlight the cities,
municipalities, and barangay along the
fault lines in: metro manila, rizal, bulacan,
cavite and laguna that could be affected
by the big one.
- Many active volcanoes in the country
also pose danger to our communities.
- The historical mt. pinatubo eruption in
1991 burned crops, killed 722 people, left
more than 200,000 homeless, and
affected the weather around the globe.

VULNERABILITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

TO DISASTERS

Vulnerability
- it is a condition or sets of conditions that
reduces people’s ability to prepare for,
withstand or respond to a hazard.
- are the characteristics and
circumstances of a community, system or
asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard.
- this may arise from various physical,
social, economic & environmental factors.

● It is generally divided into three

geographic, cultural and economic
regions from north to south: luzon,
visayas and mindanao.
● The tropical monsoon climate of
the philippines is characterized by
two general seasons: the wet and
the dry season. Annual
precipitation is between 965 and
4000 mm.

POINTS WHICH FURTHER PROVE

THAT DISASTER IS SOCIAL
PHENOMENON
1. Harmful practices worsen vulnerability
to disasters.
2. Population growth and shortage of land
have further pushed low-income families
to worse living conditions, which make
them more vulnerable to disasters.
3. The poor, the elderly, people with
disabilities or special needs, indigenous
people, women, children, and
communities marginalized by exploitation
of natural resources usually end up as
victims of disasters as they are the most
vulnerable groups.
4. The aftermath of a disaster paves a
way for disaster prevention efforts.