UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

Tuguegarao City

MODULE 7 – DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Overview/Introduction As an archipelago located at the south-eastern part of

Learning Objectives
Asia, the Philippines is exposed to both climatic and
geographical hazards. It is situated in the Pacific Ring
of Fire where two major tectonic plates, the pacific
plate and the Eurasian plate meet. With several fault
lines crossing the country, earthquakes could have
very devastating effects. There are 220 volcanoes, 22
of which are classified as active (NDCC 2008). The
Philippines is also located along the typhoon belt on
the North Pacific Basin in the Pacific where 75% of
the typhoons originate. There are 20 to 30 typhoons
passing through the country, 5-7 which can be
destructive (NDCC 2008) As a consequence of
extreme rainfall since the 1980s and in the number if
rainy days since the 1990s (cruz et al, 1-.2.2) On
average, 20 cyclones cross the Philippine Area of
Responsibility with about 8-9 making landfall each
year
The natural risks associated with these trends are
aggravated by human activities, particularly in the
exploitation of resources such as forests and minerals
and development interventions that do not incorporate
responsible risks assessment.
At the end of this modular unit, students are expecteda
to:

1. Update knowledge on Disaster risk reduction

and management
2. Acquire skills in responding on
disasterincidence with their capacity
3. Appreciate the impact of disaster by building
sustainable and resilient communities

Discussion/Lecture:

Since the Office of the Civil Defense and National Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Council creation, PD 1566 of 1978 has been the basic law that guides the disaster management
programs, protects and strategies implementation in the country. However, it has been observe
and noted from past experiences, combined with lessons learned and gaps examination, that the
law creates the Council is more leaning and gives more emphasis on response action, thus,
making the implementers reactive to possible disasters rather than taking a proactive stance in
disaster risk management. Recently the, OCD-NDCC initiated the shift on disaster management
approaches and strategies from reactive to proactive ( from disaster response and preparedness to
disaster risk reduction management)- a paradigm shift from the prevalent culture of reaction to a
“culture of prevention”.

Then President Gloria Arroyo signed on the May 27, Republic Act 10121, also known as
and the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. This act provides for
the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining
to all aspects of disaster risk reduction management and recovery, including good governance,
risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing under
lying risk factors and preparedness for effective response and early recovery.

The new labor adopts and adheres to principles and strategies consistent with the
international standards set by the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) a comprehensive, action-
oriented response to international concern about the growing impacts of on individuals,
communities and national development

A National Disaster Risk Reduction, Management and Recovery Framework and Plan
was developed, formulated and implemented. The Framework provides for comprehensive, all-
hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community based approach to disaster risk reduction,
management and recovery. It serves as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction,
management and recovery efforts in the country in conformity with the National Disaster Risk
Reduction Management and Recovery Framework ( NDRRMRF)

I. Republic Act No. 10121, known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (PDRRM) Act 2010.

“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and Institutionalizing the National Risk Reduction and management Plan,
Appropriating Funds Therefore and for other purposes”

Section 2. Declaration of Policy

1. Upholding people’s rights to life and property and adherence to internationally

accepted principles, norms and standards for capacity building in DRRM and
humanitarian assistance;
2. Adoption of a holistic, comprehensive, integrated, proactive and multi-sector
approach in addressing the impact of disasters, including climate change;
3. Development, promotion and implementation of comprehensive national Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP);
4. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change in national and local development plans
and development processes (e.g. policy formulation, socio-economic development
planning, budgeting and governance);
5. Mainstreaming DRR into the peace process and conflict resolution;
 6. Ensuring DRR and CC-gender responsive measures, sensitive to indigenous
knowledge and respect of human rights
7. Strengthening capacity building of local government units on DRR (e.g. decentralized
powers, responsibilities, resources) and vulnerable and marginalized groups;
8. Engaging the participation of Civil Society organization or CSO, private sectors and
volunteers in DRR;
9. Promotion of breastfeeding before and during a disaster emergency and
10. Ensuring maximum care, assistance and services to affected individuals and families.

II. The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC)

Leading the collaborative efforts in disaster preparedness planning and mitigation,

as well as disaster response operations and rehabilitation both in the government
and private sectors is the NDRRM. It I, s the highest policy-making coordinating
and supervising body at the national level chaired by the Secretary of National
Defense thru the Executive Director of the Office of the Civil Defense (OCD) and
has 14 departments and 39 line agencies as members

The NDRRMC is also responsible for advising the President of the Republic of
the Philippines in the status of the national disaster preparedness programs and
management plans, disaster operations, and rehabilitation efforts of all
stakeholders. It also recommends to the President the declaration of the State of
calamity and the release of the national calamity fund as needed.

III. The Office of the National Defense (OCD)

The office of the national defense as the implementing arm of the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, shall have the primary
mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk
reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous
development of strategic systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters. Its
mission is to provide leadership and administration of a comprehensive national
defense and disaster risk reduction and management program. The vision is to
become center of excellence in disaster risk reduction and management by 2020.

IV. Organizational Network

The Philippine Disaster Management System (PDMS), as embodied in PD 1566

and RA 10121, is carried out at various political subdivisions and administrative
regions of the country through the National Disaster Risk Reduction management
Council; 17 Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils, 80
PRRDM, 113 CDRRMC, 4`,956 BDRRMC respectively.
1. LDRRMO Sec. 12 PDRRM Act
a. It is established in every province, city, municipality and barangay disaster
risk reduction and management committee in every barangay
b. Responsibility- setting of the direction, development, implementation and
coordination of the disaster risk management programs within their territorial
jurisdiction
c. LDRRMO shall be under the Office of the Governor, city or municipal mayor
and the barangay captain in case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMO’s initially
organized and is composed of a DRRMO, assisted by three staffs responsible
for:
 Administrative and training
 Research and planning
 Operations and warning

The LDRRMOs and BDRRMCs shall organize , train and directly supervise
the local emergency response teams and the accredited community disaster
volunteers.

2. Accreditation. Mobilization, and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and National

Service Reserve Corps, Civil Society Organizations and the Private Sector
(section 13, PDRRM Act)

a. The government agencies, CSOs, private sectors, and LGUs may mobilize
individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective personnel
complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk
reduction program and activities.
b. The agencies, CSOs, private sectors and LGUs concerned shall take full
responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of the volunteers,
and shall submit the list of volunteers to the OCD through the LDRRMOs for
accreditation and inclusion in the database of community disaster volunteers.

3. Integration of DRR Education into the School Curricular and Sangguniang

Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public Sector Employees
(Section 14, PDRRM Act)

a. The DepEd, CHED, TESDA in coordination with OCD, NYC, DOST,

DENR, DILF-BFP, DOH, DWSD and other relevant agencies, shall integrate
DRRM Education in the school curricular of secondary and tertiary levels of
education, including NSTP, whether private or public including formal and
non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning and out-of-school youth
courses and programs.
b. The NDRRMC, RDRRMC, LDRRMC, BDRRMDC and the SK council shall
encourage community, specifically the youth participation in DRRM
activities.