MATH 277 OFFICIAL FORMULA SHEET

A: BASIC INTEGRALS

Let r , a , b R ,r 1 , and a 0.

1. x r dx xr 1 C 2. 1 dx 1 ln | ax b| C 3. e ax dx 1 e ax C
r 1 ax b a a

4. sin ax dx 1 cos ax C 5. cos ax dx 1 sin ax C

a a

B: BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

sin cos 1 1
i tan ii cot iii sec iv csc
cos sin cos sin

v cos 2 sin 2 1 vi 1 tan 2 sec 2 vii cot 2 1 csc 2

viii sin 2 2 sin cos ix cos 2 2 cos 2 1 x cos 2 1 2 sin 2

C: BASIC HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES

sinh x cosh x 1 1
i tanh x ii coth x iii sech x iv csch x
cosh x sinh x cosh x sinh x

v cosh 2 x sinh 2 x 1 vi 1 tanh 2 sech 2 vii coth 2 1 csch 2

D: Special Values
3 1
i cos 0 1 ii cos iii cos iv cos 0 v cos 1
6 2 3 2 2
1 3
vi sin 0 0 vii sin iii sin viii sin 1 ix sin 0
6 2 3 2 2

E: Other Formulae
Let v t , a t and v t be respectively velocity , acceleration and speed of a moving object in three space.

The unit Tangent T , the Principal unit Normal N , the unit Binormal B , the curvature , the radius of

curvature and the Torsion are given by :

v t v t a t v t a t
i T ii N B T iii B iv
vt v t a t v3

da t
1 v t a t dt v t a t
v vi 2
vii a T v viii aN v2
v t a t

END
 Some Common Surfaces and their Parameterizations

1. Any surface of the form z  f ( x, y)

xx
yy
z  f ( x, y )

Or, as a position vector:

( x, y)  x, y, f ( x, y)

2. Any surface expressed in cylindrical coordinates as z  f (r , )

x  r cos( )
y  r sin( )
z  f (r , )

Or, as a position vector:

(r, )  r cos( ), r sin( ), f (r, )

3. A cylinder given by x 2  y 2  a 2 , which can be expressed in cylindrical

coordinates as r  a .
x  a cos( )
y  a sin( )
zz

Or, as a position vector:

( , z)  a cos( ), a sin( ), z 

4. A cone given by z  a x 2  y 2 , which can be expressed in cylindrical

coordinates as z  ar .
x  r cos( )
y  r sin( )
z  ar

Or, as a position vector:

(r, )  r cos( ), r sin( ), ar 

 5. A paraboloid given by the equation z  a( x 2  y 2 ) , which can be expressed
in cylindrical coordinates as z  ar 2 .
x  r cos( )
y  r sin( )
z  ar 2

Or, as a position vector:


(r , )  r cos( ), r sin( ), ar 2 
6. A sphere given by the equation x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 , which can be expressed in
spherical coordinates as   a .
x  a cos( ) sin( )
y  a sin( ) sin( )
z  a cos( )

Or, as a position vector:

( ,  )  a cos( ) sin( ), a sin( ) sin( ), a cos( )

Using Parameterizations to Compute Surface Integrals:

Once a parameterization is known for a surface, we can compute integrals over those
surfaces. The quantities that need to be computed are:

1. The normal vector to the surface whose magnitude is the differential surface

area dS .
2. The magnitude of the normal vector which gives the differential surface area:

dS  dS .

Finding the normal vector:

Given an arbitrary parameterization for a surface:

(u, v)  x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)

We can first compute two differential length tangent vectors by differentiating

with respect to each parameter and multiplying by the increment in each
parameter:
Tangent vectors:

 x y z 
 u du   , , du
 u u u 
 x y z 
 v dv   , , dv
 v v v 

The tangent vectors give us the normal vector:

The magnitude of the cross product of these two vectors gives the area of the
parallelogram spanned by them. The vector result of the cross product is also a
normal vector. We now have:

dS   u   v dudv

If we wish to compute surface area, or integrate a scalar field over the surface, we
need the magnitude of this normal vector:

dS  dS   u   v dudv

Note that u and v are dummy variables for an arbitrary surface. For an actual
surface, you can replace u and v with whatever variables you happen to be using
for your parameters.

Exercise:

For each of the surfaces given above, compute dS and dS .