② parts.

contradiction inintr.es#itizens.

paymonious liberal

adapt to state
Pmb 367 def"
☐ enumessive 12
↗ → def"
progr "
= Types "Articles? 366

interfpurposive
- adv.→ adaptibility
of convert statuit Birth certificate.
→ disadr.→ interpreted
difftly. tradffs. Interpretation
unwnHen
limits ↗ Basic strut → polity.
↑
Frew:b diff-of degree Significh'Le→gitimaicdyea→lsµ{minys,pirn.
not of type- → Common normative home
_
Borrowed
Fleshee Puginion. written
blood
to Law.
↑ const"
Burky.
Constitution
convn.
→ 70 yrs.
'meat Lessrigid
more flexible ←
Basic
(1)Scope features Pol.
culture
par.Just steps to
Elfter Substantive
equality. Admit ensure
auture ↓
Constant
Federal
setup w/strong Social - ism
centre "Justiciable + value
Westminster. non.g. rights system.
Types defn's govt's → ⊛ absolute.
power
System emergency
Secular
polity.
UAF indept provision Ore
④ ve ⑨ Sup;%w
⑧
① Ruleoflaw%DE9.BY preserve

② Benefits- speⁿ(↑).
② separation of ↳ Better decision Perm. ex.
"components power
Bureaucracy. → Pol. ex
④ Exceph
Grant for ⑥ indept not rigid. Asis. delegate leg"
civil liberties/ ⑧ Spe" spted Pow" Adm" Adjudicu.
rights indept Ordine"
"Judge made laws
5 temporariness not property-regulator.
③ Checks
of gout: and balance
 Kiho to holohan
case, 1992. A- 75 (1) B
MP remunerative not allowed → 5 Yr.
⑦ pot. post.
a. 361,3) to be commitistferofmficoef
Faithful')

cost:S- rept
decent OR ✓
↑ cap on max → min: 91ˢᵗ.gg:8?fordefermIfgmajgngy.
1998
Haven P:* unip"? changes ✓ COM 1,5-1;#µ,
1994 comtle prion. Coster SEE:*:&.gr son ±.-52948¥.
in const" ¼:-&,
¼: outside Antip.
case
house-activities
Issues Gelecochmms. Constral originally → 35ᵗʰ.CAA. 1974

Vishwa ADL ←expelled

prov.
Floor (Spk) repeal ← A. 21A) sch I.
ngEYaa6 apply. memb
spk. accept added
mgmt 36" CAA 1975 Sikkim
ethnife. Petetion
in"intrest Anti defection parent
Rajendras. of ruling
party. • law person resign → pot.party
Casey: 07
defn disgh.
seat → vacant "
"implications
"defy whip. Trust
↳ Reason-15 days Tirupnasuality
Recommon mm
n
idept nominated Instability

NCRWC Exception ⊛ Join Party numb

⊛ party
memb. ADL ✓
grounds
2009 sarty vote on
Law commission ↳ ADL ④ Join Wlib month
Recall Va.of. vno.◦ tonga. mpoajliocry issues.
* son: dy CHP (RS)
Spk- dyspk
1
strong pot. auture@
ay:/('C) Vp
IS/↓LA-
By:- Harsh
2 ✗
:* a if ⊖ not a membof
can resign R-S . Rajput
@ its_sidoog
 Pub-nature

NCRWC-all'orgn

law BCCI under RTI.

Recommendation conn.
action, challenged
in courts

I Article-12 d f" of state

Financial
WEYTSY stalutory sbtaotduiestory
Admk nobodies Pmt.
gout.
Control
Govt ↘ State leg.
sough
5-feb State local authy.

body use
-'municipalities
as instrumt panchayats
of state. dist' boards
E inform trusts
Judiciary
only adm" work.
↗ Recall → def"

Judicial Review
#. Article-13
1312) → "Law"→ which? ② def"

Judgement. ◦filiation °silica,

l Shankari Prasad, 1951 ↳ F.R→ F.R → amdt⊕.

Sajjan Singh, 1965 amato
2

③ Golaknathv@s.o-Punjab, 1967
- KeshvanandaBhartiV@s.o. Kerela, 1973
↳ Basic strucdoctrine.→ soul {essence.

limitation on Pmtry
amat-pour Form ROL
under 368.
→ Supm of consth
indept sop.
⑧ Basic Strue JR

dignity Fedralism
of indiv. Secularism
darktrip. unity {s
structure of country
Already basin.

"critique" Rewriting
Against Infringement on majority
rule
(7: 6)→ Bench
support
certain ⊛ No formulae
limitation
Pmt. preserve long term tyramy
constrae Vision our
Que identity uncertain
democ.
 v

No discrimination".
citizens only 1516)
↳ 10% reservn
EWS"
"
n "15%1)" Article-15 15 (5)→ excepn
↳ minority educ"
Re.←✗ Grounds" institute

Race caste ↓sex POB. 615 (2) 1513) /5 (4) → 1ˢᵗCAA, 1951 93%1%5%5
at putshop ↳ flexible ↳ clause (2) A.29
Pub. laws ↳ ⊕ prevent state
restraint
Cu,t,erat,ainy. Hotels TN ④ cridren
dress code
adv. → "ask.ee educnprt.edu' inst.
act. backward Classes
Reservo
Judgements P.A Inandaar,
2005
 "iini.ci" Hiiiii

07501.
101. EWS Quota 2 types
only guien
in 2 case 103ʳᵈ CAA,2019
→ 1616)
"issues" "No discrimination
economy
Cant be basis Horizontal 15 (6) ""
in Employment"
✓

distb" "FWS"
Annual
income
(819C Aptm Prom"frosty remuner
"Rules" ↑
→ Equal opportunity ation.
[sameTAG"Residential → plot n.mn.":O
"16 (i)"
> 10%4 yard Employment

Article-16
"1612)"→ No discrimin"
less rept
instate services spal-case, so, ←"Grounds" → POB
15(T
Retract taste set descent
Social c5a0p%→ quota Greservation on " I
E edu' backw. Reservegm
reigious grounds
identific", 16 (3)→ domicile → Reservation ✓
JR Indira "
of backless
" / 6 (4) ' only put by law
Sawnancy ← Of
exclude case, 1992 é ↗ Kayak:} ↳ Reservation put. emp.at.1957
committee
creamy layer ↳ commissions educ → 2006 for Backward G expired. → 1974
B-P + ← 1614) - ↳ may-9 classes
Ram Nandan go.jp 1990
Sharma Amat ←A 335 "Targeting" IJaat Quota" one central
1993 2019
(27-1)
82ⁿᵈ CAA 2000 ✗
→ ④ listenision list
promotion creamy ↳ Ram Singh

Jernails?""9
✓ Quotas
Nagraj case, 2006 Syassy layer 0130 " Case. 2015 → 4 gluiindee.

regm. 1931 Maratha Quota's 2014 → Maratha (16%)

Judgement violate ↑ antidisign"
recall Fulton ↳ SEBC, act Muslim (5.1,
↳ 117ᵗʰ CABILOIL 1stcaste
upponen corph ↑def"→ Access to
prefd posh
census managed
ltd, 2012 crie%a←lowerie ↳ Bomb"HcJobs (13%)
Kp marue
eluded inghip.
204 2019 educ (12%)
injustice Judgement 2015
↳ so struck down
division
"Affirmative" all Quater.
of labour "Favour". Actions-Approam, "semkin34/→ SC
905 W/o constral Articles → 342A
AA ④ Close class ⊕ provision
342 ↳ ST
deadly← caste
Amat. p
- 102nd CAA, 2018 → preplairset → a↳uOtBuCre
come "Against 33813 Gcoust" status Sciousa.
centre 340 → NCBC
composh;i"Yiy
injustice WBC Ntsc "Nest \ F"
Every logr
☐ form caste Compromises 4 338 6338A
G request For
affination , merit - 105ᵗʰ CAA, 204 revision consent
inclusion of OBC
deshpande + G 342 (A) → (3)→ OSBtCatleis t
Weiskoff
Study. (2012) 6338↳113)No consut req.

Right To Resrun mussu By:Harsh Rajput

Kumar 2020
not a right
A. 15%7 A-1614)
Tg.:@Its-sidoog
enamers)
 (④ defined in const" ¾

Untouchability → defwipokmingdwm.ir
Ease NCAER *.
report
Against SItad
nt ievidual
♀"r"iE Prevention of
25-26-1 Atrocities agst.
SC/St act., 1989
*Article-It Protection of civil rights
act, 1955 ↳ UT → offence
not aware of i
rights Judgement" offences under prequing presump"
denying VIT of guilt.
- 2018 Subhash Mahajan
admission P/state → prove.
preying spinoff • Justifyi•ng infting so
inquiry permission "punishment
disgf↳⑥ yr.
See"/8A → get around
this. BYail fine duestelech

Self confirnment
perversion
of seniority
politician_"Abuse" * Aboilation of except-flittering.gs
of awards. Titles. I Notities ⊛ Titles)

" ↑ 0 "→ Non Under

B.R ← Provision citizens 90s.
9"place Tities only *Article-18 Gomy W/permission
Honour i ↑ ,, employed under of P
gout. ↳ ⊛ recieve office.
Issues
Gusing as prefix. Presft Emoluments
Judgement"
- Balaji case, 1996-decorn "Padma "Decoration" ¢954)
any
awards committee ↳ Four categories of decoration
Composition 4-6 eminent Padma
• ✓ Shri
Cabinet 'Home yay, person. Bharata Padma Padma disingd
secretary see'y ① ratna Vibushan Bushan service.
Highestorder Higher
service Except"
service order
 demo"
↑
Intimate corner
weak antiquted E
weak pot. class stone
obsolete
collective
g Colonial
era rule life
weak
media
Signf" of → Δ/progressive

corrupt Threats" "

Article-19 FSE NO Innovation
w/o FSE
Cnf. many.
# Right To Freedom

#
p
Print ✓
② Audio ✓ Freedom of Speen {exprs" Slander lible.
Sech
3 Audio + visual 499>500
✗
def"-Reputation Ipc
Harming crimphal
why? outrean(↑). Sech 669T
Lily immediate act/ 2000 "problems"→ pub remedy
96' Find
"offences" defamation unwanted self
Harrasmentmints protect
Infom-offensive
Hatred → pub. Shreya Singhal u

"exceptions" Right to a
in/will meance Case, 2015. Poor city guy
good Preserve Reputa.
incow./ ↳ seen 66 → uncvoangsutreally
insult I fate perfm Truth of elites
Annoyance
injury
Hate speech violent Groundi
h
s "s Judgement"→ Subramaniyamswami
Vs V09, 2016
↳ any-immediate ⊖ U
const" Aj!:&::c 949,"
f.mudgal Shyam Contempt of
Bengal
committee court "Types"
civil
K-m shakrappa decency or Criminal
Judgement +"why?" indep of@.
draft bills Case2000 Judgement morality. Muglaonkar protect.
204.
Finance (t)
29494 Case, 1978 "Amdt" "Issues "→ No judge
u ⑧ ←
Corruph Ipc ✓ 2006 own case
293 Ainfaniable
Truth
* 94%7 "Issues" Films" u ✗ Geninescent(t)
volitidefn Putcitizen
pal. ↳ cinematograph oct, 1952 "mens rea"
interference Pomography "→ an permission. Fistjudge
Headers disbread. feat. CBFC → certification
reto. (JB) mftests
- indirect
rept-of@%; Banning of
S u u/AA
n Miller e- Ifact 20009
Books CrPC → Sech 95 (1973)

153A Enemity
(old) (New,
Sech 67 "materials" 15313 N-U.
- Poyo, 2012 related to crime
292 → obscene
-
'295 A-Religious
u "Sedition" 124 A → Sedition.
Hatred agst govt"
↳ means → written punishment.
Judgement → spoken ↳ 3yrjail/liffer.
Gedarnath
Case, 1962 "sniff. 'sign

• read down" Problems → pot. motivated

only when Relics of monarchy

incitement⊕ Infantile Natinism.
discuss" Advocacy
v ①
 sough po
integy. ↗
1913)
sough "° morality
(889874 PSMA' integrity 19 (u)
9%49 1961
Grounds
colonial era
⑤7
"Grounds" merely mend@prosecute
Sec"/44
" 4
# Article-19.
""moing. Restriction
* 19 (1) (b) # * 19 (1) (c) "Restriction"
- Unlawful Assoc"

Assemble peacefully To form assoc" ↳ doesn't mean right

to fulfillment of aims.
w/o arms {unions.
u

Importance"
# * 19 (1)(f) - engagement.
- collective aims
Practice POTB - Pol. mobilisation
/ ④ Rt-to protest
u everywhere

Restrictions" "must be an legitimate "Right To Protest nimmat snan.1973

POTB"
imagined,
- Intrestofgen.ph. (test seen from?" Hdity Rangarajan-1989 illusory thereat
- 96" → by state → Social Judgements Amit Sahani, 2020
effects:
G cant indeft-block → New ground
put space t
inconvento public

* 19 (1) (d) 19 (1) (e)

l
#.
Move Freely Reside/Settle
12%
migration &

Restriction" Intra > Inter

Goonda less
In Intrest
acts
① Restriction on prop.
Yanic afea Externment ② discriminatory
For spot period policy
 * Protech to 0 fence
ci@v.iqli.a.ns'urospective

Article-20
"1912)E '194)
- No expost Facto
- No double Geopardy "1973) - No Retrospective criminal
prosecuted for same
crime more than@ except VAPA Leg"/law.
- No self incrimination
(compelled to witness
agt himself.
 loosing candidate -valid.
✓ He degight'
electors. paction
↑ " so

@ scoff") act. 1969. "dispute, ⊛ 9%"cancy.

"A.62'
p
p, up > 6897 JTage death -clean w/i6
months → D/D/R
: resign Wojitney ANGLEmanifesto
selection@ ↗ ① MLATTue
Impeach­ MP MMA. my compromise
Precedence" ment
↑ statesmyp. "pop" (1971)
gem Vacancy" "A.57 elec-couagef.gg seat ✗ 1000

⑤ ← invalid A.54 A.55 value of all = Value of

Ram Jairya 1955
↗ in 2
Temporary exping MIA vole All MP role
Samsher "→ Mayan ③ P.R + STV.
sign 11974 " " rainy or - Elections
Recall ↳ RO/DM-Free fair
UNRY; Judgement" n * Article-52
colour NOTA%ff.cn-Godays elect ensure
Goom dissolve
so by
Impeachment" coding MP prior.
along put → Thanks decn
MLA.
President
✗
"
① Rubber stamp.
Tenure" A.56
② Mtralitteral Vp
↳ 5yd Resign to
interpan 3. "Position"
✓ ③ Cremonialcourt" SOT ↳ Removel-impeachment. A-61
unspoHreyserdve of discretion Provide
staregont-constral Qf "→ citizen of g.
as gourdian of constr Head. A. 58 → 35 yrs + age
AU is Qf"
rt.to-outright! Role of we ⊛ office of profit-909 ↗ MP p
consulted. canan
I ensure "Cand" Of" nomination form ↳ except you
Gout-policy / P "
short-time Vp
admonish Reciene to prove "Eat ✓ office 50 b

pm in put to-0in majority no off A- 59. proposer seconders

of profit Emolument
{allowance ⊛ diminished
during term.
Gpmt.by law.
⑨ emolument {pensions
act/1961 send back dissoluofts

A.781A.74 "Lithuania. Hung unspe

is domain.

"weight of morality"
circettial
Af78B
Interpret"→

rdiscretionary" ✗
const" Youcet
msg sup's veto
power
to put

Clemancy I
Judicial comto aid E
conmuth advise PM
4 ↗
so
Appt powers "A. 74 42" CAA→ ① balky, const"
judge. → 44ᵗʰ CAA → ① can send back
HC advice
E
Supm commander ↳ advice unconsthal → ⑧ guided by
oath All execaction
of def" force ↗ in ⑧ name
l
A.77.→ conduct of → cantg"@
L

delay Buisness. decision cinourt

military "Adm"

conclude
powers 0 Article-53. powers"
A-78
* Sets of rule qos(TranscofB)
↳ 909 (Alloch of B)
peace
owers of Prez. part. of. 2
① PM duty to pass infom
② P → can seek infom
"
↗ ③ ↳ make sure infom reachall MP/MCA.
Jute ← Head of Diplomatic
affairs state lay report of
Pmt-%
↘⑨ A.754
7
PM and other min
apptm Coryphal
powers" body Article 79 appt by ⑧ on advice
relieve nominate i hold office of PM
dimpisions) memb Article 85 pleasure of PO
A} ↳ Summon 2 House
ambassadors Legislative.
M-B 1Tior Sanch
AI?}, 2 4 legislation powers → Alive 86 .
↳ send msg. st
255
excep" ↘ Article 87
" def"? recall spe.address ¾:#⇐ mgr.
msg toput.
↳ views on pass@
Appu Ordinence" speech → vote→ SM
w/i 6 months any bite. ① pass, shows
no
✗ pass w/amat confd.
6+"G "ee^k MFold CAB ⑥ month withdrawn
start from any time. Absolute ✓
later house suspensive ✓
"way Forwardu Come in session Veto ↳ Types Qualified ×

- Hold session w ¼. Issuegu ↗ violating of

→ colonial era
disallow
pocket

state leg "→ Pow" regarding → Acc.

* By.-Harsh Rajput
- ⑧ → morassertive. rule bills → Rej.

"Judgements"
A.201
MB Fg:
+Assent
Pocket veto T.gs its_sidoog.
p A.200 → Reserve for@consideration
ordinary
- Cooper case 1970' Recau r
- D. C Wardha, 1986) Actually
- Krishna Kumar, 2017
 responsibility

cabinet → responsiess.

Taffer spiny tradition

1:41:am liegm.io sup Methuen't
bigley! decided

u
eatin smartfiongue ④ codified "Y"Mythrow ↗ equal stature
Budget ~ tied. pow"
Function
"size"
" ↗
Deputy PM"
→ Rivalary

why?-coalition
Apptm compulsion.
"major
CEIU word" policy decision
gout-wide shut
appimcrisis
mgmt
A:$!¼f%%d agency "Ministry/depth"
Expertise effdelib"
Council of Gdef"→ Activities related
'Cabinet. to each other housed
save A↑avt ministers in one org.
time ✓ Committees
affayan "safegaard pm☁ Ad Hoc.
CC
Types of minister"→ defunct
principle / ; problems"
dp-min Pmty.
recall_Total ↳ poisrature GOM. "Formation" secy.
8 Tides or irregular ( )
Hug Cabinet Mos MOS
min.
President = Sidept (indept) ↳ cuanbdineret
Predue a "%!."in appt.
↳ advice by PM. Imp.MY" mfg" person """
majority us
minority gout. 6parameter
↳ recau?