OSI Model( Open System Interconnect) -

ISO ( International Standard Organisation) in 1984

IBM ; Digital Equipment Coorperation

Data flow between the machines in a network.

OSI is an Industry standard.

Linux , Windows

7 layers

Port numbers: 65000 approximate

Application Layer:Only with applications which require internet. Ex:Youtube,

Browser
Protocols: HTTP(80);HTTPS(443) { SSL/TLS} ; DHCP(67,68) ; DNS(53)
http request in the search bar ---> HTML(Hyper text markup language) page

Presentation Layer:The data is presented in user understandable form.

Image(JPG) ; Document(.doc) ; Audio(.mp3) ;Video (.mp4 ; .AVI)
Encryption & Decryption ; Compression & Decompression ; Coding & Decoding

Session Layer: Creates,maintains and terminates sessions based on session ID.

Ex: IE,Putty(cmd line)
Ex: SQL; Appletalk

Transport Layer(segments):
Port numbers are assigned in this layer. The data is broken into "segments"
Ex: Hello!! How are you? Ex: 10.0.0.1(80) -- > HTTP (80)
You? are hello?? How
Protocols: TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) || UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
- Provide ACK - No ACK
- 3 way handshake
- Connection Oriented - Connection less
- Reliable connection - Unreliable
Ex: Emails Ex: Cisco-VOIP
(Voice over Internet Protocol) Phones; Live feeds

Network Layer(Packets): IP addressing.

The data is sent from source to destination using routing protocols and
best path is chosen.
Ex: OSPF(Open Shortest Path First);EIGRP;RIP;BGP . Device working here is Router.

Data-link Layer(Frames): Errors are there in the data are removed here using
CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check).
LLC( Logic Link Control) : Communication with network layer.
MAC(Media Access Control): Physical address. Burnt in address.
Device working here is Switch. Switch will form MAC-Address Table.
Switch>sh mac-address table

Physical Layer(Bits):Actual Data Transfer happens in this layer. Cables; Hardware.

Ex: Hub , Repeater

11001111

Google ; Facebook - GUI

https://facebook.com --> HTML page
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TCP/IP ( Defence Academy)

4 layers

Application Layer: Application ,Presentation and session

Transport Layer
Network Layer
Network Interface: Data-link ; Physical

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