Seismic Analysis and Design of Residenti

AIJREAS VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7 (2017, JULY) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE
ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED

SCIENCES
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING
Eraboina Lalitha, Dr. MD.Subhan M.Tech,
Course:M.Tech , PhD professor & HOD ,
AVN Institute of Engineering &Technology Civil Engineering Dept,
Mail: eraboinalalithace@gmail.com, AVN Institute of Engineering &Technology
ABSTRACT: 1.0 INTRODUCTION:

Structural designing requires structural
analysis and earthquake or seismic analysis of any The earthquake causes vibratory ground
structure prior to construction. Earthquake or motions at the base of the structure, and the
seismic analysis is the calculation of the response of structure actively responds to these motions.
a structure subjected to earthquake excitation. For the structure responding to a moving
Various seismic data are necessary to carry out the
seismic analysis of the structures in this study the
base, there is an equivalent system. The base
seismic response of the structures is investigated is fixed and the structure is acted upon by
under earthquake excitation expressed in the form of forces that cause the same distributions that
member forces, joint displacement, support reaction occur in the moving – base system. In
and story drift. The response is investigated for g+7 design system it is customary to assume the
building structures by using STAAD PRO designing
software. We observed the response reduction of
structure as a fixed base system acted upon
cases ordinary moment resisting frame. In this case by inertia forces. Seismic design involves
we have taken earthquake zone 2, response factor 3 two distinct steps:
for ordinary moment resisting frame and importance a) Determining or estimating the
factor 1. structure forces that will act on the
Initially we started with the designing of
simple 2dimensional frames and manually checked
structure
the accuracy of the software with our results. Then b) Designing the structure to provide
according to the specified criteria assigned it adequate strength, stiffness, and
analyses the structure and designs the members with energy dissipation capabilities to
reinforcement details for G+7 residential building with stand these forces.
RCC frames. The minimum requirements
pertaining(Be appropriate) to the structural safety of BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURE
buildings are being covered by way of laying down The Building and other structure are
minimum design loads which have to be assumed for composed of horizontal and vertical
dead loads, imposed loads, and other external loads. structural elements that resist lateral forces.
In order to be able to prevent or to minimize The horizontal elements, diaphragms and
occurrence of cracks, it is necessary to understand
basic causes of cracking and to have knowledge
horizontal bracings are used to distribute the
about certain properties of building materials, lateral forces to vertical elements. The
specification for mortar and concrete, Architectural vertical elements that are used to transfer
design of building, structural design, foundation lateral forces to the ground are shear wall,
design, construction practices & techniques and braced frames and moment resisting frames.
environments.
Keywords: seismic analysis, earthquake excitation,
The structure must include complete lateral
ordinary moment resisting frame, member forces, and vertical force resisting systems, capable
joint displacement, support reaction, storey drift, of providing adequate energy dissipation
STAAD PRO V8i. capacity to withstand the design ground
ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
EMAIL ID: anveshanaindia@gmail.com , WEBSITE: www.anveshanaindia.com
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motions within the prescribed limits, if the load acting on it is increased than the
deformations and strength demand. designed.
Motivation Design strength
Day to day variations in the designing of the Design
structures we were motivated to deal with s.
Type of stress strength in
this project. As civil engineering is much no.
concerned with different designs to meet the N/mm2
necessity of human life we took this project.
Problem definition 1 Design strength in
As the land is con sized to meet the tension and bending o.87fy
demands of all the growing population the
adoption of multi storied had grown up to compression
meet their demands. As it is cost effective. 2 Design strength in
Many of Rc building constructed recent o.67fy
times have special feature of the ground is axial compression
left open for the purpose of parking, i.e. Modulus of elasticity of steel
columns in the ground story do not have any The module of elasticity of steel of all
partition walls of either masonry or RC grades is taken as 2 x 105 N/mm2
between them. (200KN/mm2).
OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT: Unit weight of steel
Carrying out a complete design of The unit weight of steel is 78.5 KN/m3
the main structural elements of a multi – (7850 kg/m3). A quicker method to find the
storied building including slabs, beams, weight of bar of circular section is given by
columns and footing .Getting real life the following equation.
experience with the engineering practices. Weight of bar in kg/m = Ø2 /162.2
Structure should be so arranged that Where Ø = diameter of the bar in mm.
it can transmit dead, wind and imposed 2.0.LITERATURE REVIEW:
loads in a direct manner to the foundations. Chandurkar, Pajgade (2013) evaluated the
The general arrangement should ensure a response of a 10 storey building with
robust and stable structure that will not seismic shear wall using Staad Pro V8i Main
collapse progressively under the effects of focus was to compare the change in
misuse or accidental damage to any one response by changing the location of shear
element. wall in the multi-storey building. Four
Limitations of project models were studied- one being a bare frame
 Depending on the site area the structural system and rest three were of dual
number of floors is limited. type structural system. The results were
 Designing is completely based on excellent for shear wall in short span at
IRC codes. corners. Larger dimension of shear wall was
 Once the structure is designed found to be ineffective in 10 or below 10
completely minor changes are stories. Shear wall is an effective and
accepted in site with cost economical option for high-rise structures. It
consideration. was observed that changing positions of
If once the structure is designed for one shear wall was found to attract forces, hence
purpose it cannot be used for other purpose proper positioning of shear wall is vital.
Major amount of horizontal forces were
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taken by shear wall when the dimension is building had main walls and its side walls as
large. It was also observed that shear walls shear walls, connected to the main wall by
at substantial locations reduced coupling of beams. The conclusion was to
displacements due to earthquake. consider the time-dependency of concrete.
Viswanath K.G (2010) investigated the Steel bracing system should be provided for
seismic performance of reinforced concrete energy absorption for ductility, but axial
buildings using concentric steel bracing. load can have adverse effect on their
Analysis of a four, eight, twelve and sixteen performance. It is both conceptually and
storied building in seismic zone IV was economically unacceptable to use shear wall
done using Staad Pro software, as per IS as both gravity and bracing system.
1893: 2002 (Part-I). The bracing was Confinement of concrete in shear walls is
provided for peripheral columns, and the good option for providing ductility and
effectiveness of steel bracing distribution stability.
along the height of the building, on the Akbari et al. (2015) assessed seismic
seismic performance of the building was vulnerability of steel X-braced and chevron-
studied. It was found that lateral braced Reinforced Concrete by developing
displacements of the buildings reduced after analytical fragility curve. Investigation of
using X-type bracings. Steel bracings were various parameters like height of the frame,
found to reduce flexure and shear demand the p-delta effect and the fraction of base
on the beams and columns and transfer shear for the bracing system was done. For a
lateral load by axial load mechanism. specific designed base shear, steel-braced
Building frames with X- type bracing were RC dual systems have low damage
found to have minimum bending as probability and larger capacity than
compared to other types of bracing. Steel unbraced system. Combination of stronger
bracing system was found to be a better bracing and weaker frame reduces the
alternative for seismic retrofitting as they do damage probability on the entire system.
not increase the total weight of the building Irrespective of height of the frame, Chevron
significantly. braces are more effective than X-type
Chavan, Jadhav (2014) studied seismic bracing. In case of X-type bracing system, it
analysis of reinforced concrete with is better to distribute base shear evenly
different bracing arrangements by equivalent between the braces and the RC frame,
static method using Staad Pro. Software. whereas in case of Chevron braced system it
The arrangements considered were diagonal, is appropriate to allocate higher value of
V-type, inverted V-type and X-type. It was share of base shear to the braces. Including
observed that lateral displacement reduced p-delta effect increases damage probability
by 50% to 60% and maximum displacement by 20% for shorter dual system and by
reduced by using X-type bracing. Base shear 100% for taller dual systems. The p-delta
of the building was also found to increase effect is more dominant for smaller PGA
from the bare frame, by use of X-type values.
bracing, indicating increase in stiffness. Kappos, Manafpour (2000) presented new
Esmaili et al. (2008) studied the structural methodology for seismic design of RC
aspect of a 56 stories high tower, located in building based on feasible partial inelastic
a high seismic zone in Tehran. Seismic model of the structure and performance
evaluation of the building was done by non- criteria for two distinct limit states. The
linear dynamic analysis. The existing procedure is developed in a format that can
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be incorporated in design codes like

Eurocode 8. Time-History (Non-linear
dynamic) analysis and Pushover analysis
(Non-linear Static analysis) were explored.
The adopted method showed better seismic
performance than standard code procedure;
at least in case of regular RC frame building.
It was found that behaviour under “life-
safety” was easier to control than under
serviceability earthquake because of the Fig. 3.0 Response Spectra for rock and
adoption of performance criteria involving
ductility requirements of members for “life- soil sites for 5% damping
safety” earthquake. STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT
MATERIAL USED IN  Live Load: 2.0 KN/Sq.m
CONSTRUCTION  Thickness of slab: 120 mm
Following are the materials used for the  Location of the site: Hyderabad
construction of a building. in Seismic Zone-II
 Bricks.  Type of Soil: Medium Soil,
 Sand. (Type-II as per IS: 1893 (Part-1))
 Cement.  Allowable bearing pressure: 150
 Stone. KN/Sq.m
 Coarse aggregate.  Each Storey Height: 3 m
 Fine aggregate.  No of Floors: Ground+7
 Timber.  External Wall Thickness: 230
 Metal. mm
 Floor tiles.  Internal Wall Thickness: 120 mm
 Roof tiles.  Column Size: 300x420 mm
 Reinforcement.  Beam Size: 300x450 mm
 Plastic materials.  Wind Load: As per IS: 875-1987
 Doors & windows. (Part-3)
 Asphalt bitumen.  Earthquake Load: As Per IS:
 Coloring material. 1893-2002 (Part-1)
 White cement. a) Load calculations
 Paints & varnishes. Self - weight of Slab load:
 Brick ballast. Floor loads for 120mm thick slab
 Sanitary materials. Thickness of slab -120mm
 Water. Unit weight of reinforced concrete -
3.0ANALYSIS OF G+7 BUILDING 25.00kn/m3
Dynamic Analysis = 0.12 x 1x 25
Dynamic analysis is performed to = 3.0 KN/m2
obtain the design seismic force, and its
distribution to different levels along the Dead load of slab = 3.0kn/m2
height of the building and to the various Floor finishes = 1.50kn/ m2
lateral load resisting elements, for the = 3.0 x 1. 5
following buildings
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= 4.5KN/m2 Steel reinforcing bars shall be of mild steel

Roof Finishing: 1.0 KN/Sq.m or deformed steel of standard specifications
Total load of slab = 8.5kn/ m2 and shall be free from corrosion, loose rust
Wall loads scales, oil, grease, paint etc
External Wall Centering and shuttering
230mm thick wall for 3.0 heights Centering and shuttering shall be made with
Thickness of wall „b‟ - 0.23m timber or steel plate close and tight to
Height of walls „h‟ - 3.0mm prevent leakage or mortar with necessary
Unit weight of brick masonry γ - 19.2kN/m3 props, bracing and wedges, sufficiently
= 0.23 strong and stable.
x 3.0 x 19.2 4.0 DESIGN OF SLABS
Total load h*b* γ = - Slabs are plane members whose
3
13.248 kN/m thickness is small as compared to its length
Internal or Partition Walls and breadth. Slabs are most frequently used
150mm thick wall for height 3.0m as roof coverings and floors in various
Thickness of wall „b‟ - 0.12m shapes such as square, rectangle, circular,
Height of walls „h‟ - 3.0m triangular etc in buildings. Slabs supports
Unit weight of brick masonry „γ‟ - mainly transverse loads and transfers them
19.2kN/m3 to the supports by bending action in one or
= 0.12 x 3.0 x 19.2 more directions. Beams or walls are the
Total load h*b* γ = -6.912 kN/m3 common supports for the slabs.
Parapet & Balcony wall load Classification of slabs:
Thickness of wall „b‟ - 0.115m Slabs are classified based on many aspects;
Parapet wall „h‟ - 1.00m Based on shape:
Unit weight of brick masonry „γ‟ - Square, rectangular, polygonal, triangular
19.20kn/m3 etc
= 0.115 x 1 x Based on type of support:
19.2 Slab supported on beams, slab supported on
Total load h*b* γ = 2.208 kn/m3 walls, slab supported on columns.
Based on support or boundary conditions:
Simply supported, cantilever, overhanging,
fixed or continuous slab.
Based on use:
Roof slab, floor slab, water tank slab,
foundation slab
Basis of cross section or sectional
configuration:
Ribbed slab/grid slab, solid slab, filler slab,
and folded slab.
Fig.3.4: Dead Load of G+7 Building

Reinforcement cement concrete

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bending moment coefficients given in table

12 and 13 of IS 456-2000
B.M at any section Mu=αdwdl2+αlwll2
B.M at middle of end span=15.15KN-m
B.M at middle of interior span=11.85KN-m
B.M at support next to end
support=17.66KN-m
B.M at other intermediate support=15.8KN-
m
Fig.4.1: Grid slab (mostly used when load

acting is more)
Table 4.1:Types of support (values)
Type of Fe- Fe-
support 250 415
Simply 1 1
supported 35 28
1 1
Continuous
40 32
Fig 4.2 Reinforcement detail of
Designing of continuous slab on site
continuous one way slab
Trail depth and effective span:
Consider 1m width of slab and effective Assumptions:
span shall be taken equal to c/c beams i. Plane sections normal to the axis
𝑙 3600
Assume trail depth d= , 30 =120mm remains plane after bending.
30
OR ii. The maximum strain in concrete
Assume Pt=0.3%, modification factor k1=1.2 at outermost compression fiber is
𝑙 taken as 0.0035 in bending
Basic ( ) ratio for continuous slab =26
𝑑 regardless strength of concrete.
3600
Trail depth d= =115mm iii. The tensile strength of concrete
26 𝑋 1.2
However, assume total depth =150mm, dia is ignored.
of bar 10mm and nominal cover 15mm 5.0DESIGN & RESULTS
10 A vertical member whose effective length is
Effective depth d=150-15- =130mm
2 greater than 3 times its least lateral
Load on slab: dimension carrying compressive loads is
Total dead load called as column.
Self -weight of slab=0.12x25=3.0KN/m2
Floor finish=1KN/m2
Partition load=1KN/m2
Total=5.0 KN/m2
Factored dead load WD =1.5x5.0=7.5KN/m2
Factored live load WL=1.5x3=4.5KN/m2
Bending moment
The bending moments and shear forces are
calculated at different sections using
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Fig.5.21:On site fixing of Dowel bars.

Fig.5.1:On site execution for column Size of the footing:
P=946KN
Self-weight of the footing =10% of column
load
=946/10 =
94.6KN
Total load on the soil =1040.6KN
Area of footing = Total load/SBC
= 4.387mm2
Provide 2.25 * 1.95 m footing
Reinforcement along longer side:
 MuL = 0.87fy Ast d (1-((fyAst)/(fckbd))
 Ast= 1066.66mm2
 Using 16mm diameter bars,
 S = ast * B/Ast =310mm
 Hence, provide 16mm bars at
Fig 5.20:Critical section for bending in 300mm c/c in longer direction
sloped footing. 6.0 CONCLUSIONS:
In the earthquake resistant design of G+7
RC framed building the steel quantity
increased by 1.517% to the convention
concrete design. The steel quantity increased
in the structure ground floor to higher floor
i.e G+7 level of the structure.
In this study of G+7 building, seismic load
dominates the wind load under the seismic
zone –II. Basically the wind pressure is high
for high rise building based on weather
conditions such as coastal areas,
hillystations. For Building prominently
Fig.5.12:On site provision of mat. seismic forces create the major cause of
damage to the structure.
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The Storey drift condition for considered

G+7 building, the base drift=0.0 at every
storey. This says that the structure is safe
under drift condition. Hence shear walls,
braced columns are not necessary to be
provided. Hence storey drift condition is
checked for the G+7 building.
REFERENCES
[1] REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURES:
M.R.DHEERENDRA BABU
[2] DESIGN OF STEEL
STRUCTURES: S.S.BHAVIKATTI
[3] THEORY OF STRUCTURES:
B.C.PUNMIA
[4] DESIGN OF SLABS:
Dr.G.P.CHANDRADHARA

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AIJREAS VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7 (2017, JULY) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED

SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL

ABSTRACT: 1.0 INTRODUCTION:

be incorporated in design codes like

= 4.5KN/m2 Steel reinforcing bars shall be of mild steel

Fig.3.4: Dead Load of G+7 Building

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

bending moment coefficients given in table

Fig.4.1: Grid slab (mostly used when load

Fig.5.21:On site fixing of Dowel bars.

The Storey drift condition for considered

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

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