Highway Design and Railway

Course No: CEE 461

Credit: 2.0

Course Teacher
Md. Bashirul Haque
Lecturer, CEE, SUST
 Course Contents
Highway Engineering
¢ Highway Materials

¢ Mix Design

¢ Low Cost pavement

¢ Design and Construction of flexible pavement

¢ Design and Construction of rigid pavement

¢ Highway Maintenance

Railway Engineering
q Components and alignment

q Railway station

q Geometric design

q Curve point and crossing

q Signals
Highway maintenance:
Definition:
Highway maintenance is defined as the function of preserving, repairing
restoring of highway and keeping it in condition for safe convenient and
economic use.

Types or classes of highway maintenance:

¢ Maintenance of roadway surface
¢ Maintenance of shoulder and approaches
¢ Maintenance of roadsides
¢ Maintenance of bridge, tunnel and drainage structure
1. Maintenance of roadway surface:
Soil Aggregate road:
¢ Patching: When a small portion of road surface is failed due to the poor
mixing or gradation of materials, traffic loading etc, it is necessary to repair
the road or replace the poor materials with suitable materials, this is called
patching. The edges of the area remover from the roadway should be squared
and patching materials placed and thoroughly temped, adding water to get
proper compaction if necessary.
¢ Blading: Blading is to fill the rut and sooth out any irregularities in the
surface. It should be done after rain when the surface materials are moist.
The work is accomplished by dragging or blanding the surface materials
from the edge toward the center and drawing the loosened materials back
again, depositing it in the depressions in the surface.
Scarifying and Resurfacing: when the area to be patched are numerous or
when they were extended over a considerable area, it is often more efficient
to recondition the entire surface. It is done by scarifying the surface of road
way to the full depth of the surface materials.

Stabilization and dust treatment with palliative: Stabilization of roads is done

using binder soil such as clay, chloride or other additives under
maintenance work. Dust palliatives such as calcium chloride, sodium
chloride, bituminous materials are used on road surface to eliminate dust
and to preserve the soil aggregate road surface.

Bituminous surface treatment

Bituminous Surface:

Patching: It consists of an application of thin coat of bituminous

materials to an area where cracking or raveling appears and spreading of
coarse mineral aggregate over the affected area. Where the surface has
disintegrate to a depth of 2-3 in, the failed area should be cut out with
vertical edge, all loose materials removed, the base coarse made true and
firm, applying tack coat to vertical surface backfilling the hole with plan
mix, spreading the mix finally compacting the mix. Patching may also
be made by a penetration method that consist of filling the hole with
aggregate, compacting the aggregate then applying the bituminous
materials.
¢ Point Patching: It is done to seal the surface to prevent penetration of
water and to strengthen the wearing surface. This work consist of the
application of thin coat of bitumen over the surface and placing fine stone
chips over the patched area then rolled with light roller.

Scarifying and resealing: Same as soil aggregate road

Non skid surface treatment: the seal coat and surface treatment are widely
used to correct a slippery condition. This may be due to the application of
too much bituminous material, improper gradation of aggregate, kneading
action of heavy traffic. Skid proofing may be achieved by application of a
surface treatment using sharp, angular aggregate and slurry seal coat.
Complete surface have to be reworked for correct slipperiness.