Unit 3

Go, change the world
RV College of
Engineering
22CV23-Engineering Mechanics
Analysis of Truss
Click to edit Master
Analysis title style
of Truss Go, change the world
• A truss is a structure made up of members pin-connected at ends

and is capable of taking loads at joints.
• They are used as roof trusses to support sloping roofs and as
bridge trusses to support deck.
• In many machines steel trusses are used. Transmission towers
are also the examples of trusses.
2
3
4
Click to edit Master title style Go, change the world
Friday, 14 January 2022 5

• A pin jointed truss which has got just sufficient number of

members to resist the loads without undergoing appreciable
deformation in shape is called a perfect truss.
• Triangular truss is the simplest perfect truss and it has three
joints and three members (Fig.1). Perfect trusses with four and
• five joints are shown in Figs.2 and 3 respectively.
6
• A truss is said to be deficient if the number of members in it are

less than that required for a perfect truss. Such trusses cannot
retain their shape when loaded. A deficient truss is shown in
Fig. 3.4.b and 3.5
m=2j-3 ->Perfect truss

m<2j-3 ->Deficient Truss
m>2j-3 ->Redundant Truss
7
• A truss is said to be redundant if the number of members in it are

more than that required in a perfect truss. Such trusses cannot
be analysed by making use of the equations of equilibrium alone.
Thus, a redundant truss is statically indeterminate. Each extra
member adds one degree of indeterminacy.
• The truss shown in the Fig. 3.6 is a typical redundant truss.
8
• NATURE OF FORCES IN MEMBERS

• The members of a truss are subjected to either tensile or
compressive forces. A typical truss ABCDE loaded at joint E is
shown in Fig. The member BC is subjected to compressive force C
as shown in Fig. (b). Effect of this force on the joint B (or C) is equal
and opposite to the force C as shown in Fig. 3.7(b).
3.7.a 3.7 .b
9
10
• METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The following three methods are available for the analysis of pin-
connected frames:
(1) Method of joints
(2) Method of section
Assumptions:
1.The frame is a perfect frame
2.All the loads are applied at the joints
3.Al the members are Pin jointed
11
• METHOD OF JOINTS
• At each joint the forces in the members meeting and the loads
acting, if any, constitute a system of concurrent forces. Hence, two
independent equations of equilibrium can be formed at each joint.
• First, a joint is selected where there are only two unknown forces.
Many times such a joint can be identified only after finding the
reaction at the support by considering the equilibrium of the
entire frame.
• Then making use of the two equations of equilibrium at that joint
the two unknown forces are found. Then, the next joint is selected
for analysis where there are now only two unknown forces.
• Thus, the analysis proceeds from joints to joint to find the forces
in all the members.
12
Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Fig. Tabulate the results.
13
• Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Fig.
and indicate the magnitude and nature of forces on the diagram of
the truss. All inclined members are at 60° to horizontal and length
of each member is 2 m.
14
15
16
17
18
• Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Fig.
19
20
21
22
• METHOD OF SECTIONS
• In the method of section, after determining the reactions, a section line
is drawn passing through not more than three members in which
forces are not known such that the frame is cut into two separate
parts.
• Each part should be in equilibrium under the action of loads, reactions
and forces in the members that are cut by the section line. Equilibrium
of any one of these two parts is considered and the unknown forces in
the members cut by the section line are determined.
• The system of forces acting on either part of truss constitutes a non-
concurrent force system. Since there are only three independent
equation of equilibrium, there should be only three unknown forces.
• Hence, in this method it is an essential condition that the section line
should pass through not more than three members in which forces are
not known and it should separate the frame into two parts.
23
• Determine the forces in the members FH, HG and GI in the truss

shown in Fig. Each load is 10 kN and all triangles are
equilateral with sides 4 m.
Solution: Due to symmetry,

RA
24
• Take section (A)–(A), which cuts the members FH, GH and GI and
separates the truss into two parts. Consider the equilibrium of
left hand side part as shown in Fig.
25
• Find the forces in the members (1), (2) and (3) of French truss
shown in Fig.
Solution: Due to symmetry
26
27
28
29
30
31
Click to edit Master title style Go, change the world
32

Unit 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Go, change the world

• A truss is a structure made up of members pin-connected at ends

Friday, 14 January 2022 5

• A pin jointed truss which has got just sufficient number of

• A truss is said to be deficient if the number of members in it are

m=2j-3 ->Perfect truss

• A truss is said to be redundant if the number of members in it are

• NATURE OF FORCES IN MEMBERS

• Determine the forces in the members FH, HG and GI in the truss

Solution: Due to symmetry,

Solution: Due to symmetry

You might also like