GULF INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

In Pursuit of Excellence

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Grade 10

Subject CHEMISTRY

Lesson Chapter – 10 Metals

Topic Reactivity series

Week /
Date
New book 2023

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• Sodium is soft and reacts violently with both air and water.
• Iron also reacts with air and water but much more slowly,
forming rust.
• Gold, however, remains totally unchanged after many hundreds
of years.
• Sodium is said to be more reactive than iron and, in turn, iron is
said to be more reactive than gold.

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 Action with acid
• A metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid gives hydrogen and the
metal chloride .

• In all these reactions the most reactive metal is the one that has
the highest tendency to lose outer electrons to form a positive
metal ion.

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 Action with air/oxygen
• Many metals react directly with oxygen to form oxides.
• For example, magnesium burns brightly in oxygen to form the
white powder magnesium oxide.

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 Action with water/steam

• Reactive metals such as potassium, sodium and calcium react with cold
water to produce the metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

• The moderately reactive metals, magnesium, zinc and iron, react slowly
with water.
• They will, however, react more rapidly with steam gives metal oxide and
hydrogen.

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Apparatus used to investigate how metals such as
magnesium react with steam

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 Reactivity series
• Sodium is soft and reacts violently with both air and water
• Iron also reacts with air and water but much more slowly,
forming rust.
• Gold, however, remains totally unchanged after many hundreds
of years.
• Sodium is said to be more reactive than iron and, in turn, iron is
said to be more reactive than gold.

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 Order of reactivity

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 Uses of unreactive metals
The metals iron and copper can be found in many everyday objects
• Wood-burning stove is made of iron.
• Copper is used to make pots and pans

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• Planes are made of an alloy which contains magnesium and
aluminium.

• Both sodium and potassium are so reactive that they have to be

stored under oil to prevent them from coming into contact with
water or air.
• because they have low melting points and are good conductors
of heat, they are used as coolants for nuclear reactors

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• Aluminium, although a reactive metal, has a protective oxide
coating on its surface which forms when it is manufactured.
• This allows it to be used in many areas of industry

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 Home work
• Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions between:
a iron and dilute hydrochloric acid

Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) ====> FeCl2(aq) + H2 (g).

b zinc and oxygen

Zn + O2 → ZnO
c calcium and water.

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 Calcium reacts slowly with water

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• Metals compete with each other for other anions, in
solution.
• This type of reaction is known as a displacement
reaction.
• In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal will
displace a less reactive metal from a solution of its salt.

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Fe(III) ion

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Fe(III) ion

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Identifying metal ions

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Common ores

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 Extraction of reactive metals
• Reactive metals, such as sodium, hold on to the element(s),
they are usually difficult to extract.
• Electrolysis of the molten, purified ore is the method used in
these cases.
• Metals towards the middle of the reactivity series,
• such as iron and zinc, may be extracted by reducing the metal
oxide with the non-metal carbon

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 Extraction of Iron
• Iron is extracted mainly from its
oxides, haematite (Fe2O3) and
magnetite (Fe3O4), in a blast
furnace
• A blast of hot air is sent in near the
bottom of the furnace through
holes (tuyeres)
• which makes the ‘charge’ glow, as
the coke burns in the preheated air

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Extraction of Iron

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Extraction of Iron

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 (Rusting of iron)
Rust prevention
• Rust is an orange–red powder
consisting mainly of hydrated iron(iii) • Painting
oxide (Fe2O3.xH2O). • Oiling/greasing
• Both water and oxygen are essential • Coating with plastic
for iron to rust, and • Plating
• Galvanising
• if one of these two substances is not • Sacrificial protection
present then rusting will not take
place

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Rusting experiment with nails

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Rust prevention

• Painting
• Oiling/greasing
• Coating with plastic
• Plating
• Galvanising
• Sacrificial protection

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• Galvanising is a processes of coating Zinc over other metals.

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Sacrificial protection

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• Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals
• the alloy brass is made from copper and zinc
• Steel, which is a mixture of the metal iron and the non-
metal carbon
• Many steels have been produced; they contain not
only iron but also carbon and other metals like, nickel
and chromium are the added

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Alloy structure

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Uses of common alloys

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