CHAPTER 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered

to answer the problems stated in the previous chapter. The data and

statistical findings are presented and given implications to concretize the

concepts.

Table 1 presents the pretest mean scores of the control group and

experimental groups in Grammar.

Table 1

Pretest Mean Scores of the Control Group and Experimental

Groups Grammar

Experimental
Control Group Group
Topics Prestest Postest Prestest Postest
Subject Verb Agreement 12.5 13.2 12.08 13.88
Pronoun Usage 14.6 15.08 14.83 15.75
Correct Word Usage 14.43 15.2 14.15 16.26
Tenses of the Verb 14.7 15.6 14.35 16.25
Connectors 15.5 16.45 15.72 17.26
Average 71.73 75.53 71.13 79.4

Table 1 outlines the pretest and posttest mean scores of the Control

Group and Experimental Group across various grammar topics. In the Control

Group's pretest, scores for Subject Verb Agreement, Pronoun Usage, Correct

Word Usage, Tenses of the Verb, and Connectors were 12.5, 14.6, 14.43,

14.7, and 15.5, respectively, resulting in an average pretest score of 71.73.

Posttest scores increased across all topics, with averages of 13.2, 15.08,

15.2, 15.6, and 16.45, leading to an overall posttest average of 75.53. For the
Experimental Group, the pretest mean scores were 12.08, 14.83, 14.15,

14.35, and 15.72 for the respective topics, resulting in an average pretest

score of 71.13. The posttest scores exhibited notable improvement, with

averages of 13.88, 15.75, 16.26, 16.25, and 17.26, resulting in an overall

posttest average of 79.4. The data suggest that both groups displayed

improvement from pretest to posttest, with the Experimental Group generally

outperforming the Control Group in the posttest phase. The specific scores for

each grammar topic provide a nuanced understanding of the areas where

improvement occurred, highlighting the effectiveness of the intervention for

the Experimental Group.

Table 1

Summary of Pretest Mean Scores of the Control Group and

Experimental Groups Grammar
Legend: VS-Very Satisfactory S- Satisfactory FS- Fairly Satisfactory

Control Group Experimental Group

Test
Mean Sd VI Mean Sd VI
Pretest 71.73 3.45 FS 71.13 3.28 FS
Posttest 75.53 2.12 S 79.4 1.64 S

The provided table presents the pretest and posttest mean scores for a

grammar test administered to a Control Group and an Experimental Group. In

the pretest, the Control Group displayed a mean score of 71.73 with a

standard deviation (Sd) of 3.45, interpreted as Fairly Satisfactory (FS).

Concurrently, the Experimental Group exhibited a slightly lower mean of

71.13, an Sd of 3.28, and a similar Verbal Interpretation (VI) of Fairly

Satisfactory (FS). Moving to the posttest, the Control Group demonstrated

improvement, achieving a mean score of 75.53 (Sd = 2.12), corresponding to

a VI of Satisfactory (S). Notably, the Experimental Group showcased a more

substantial improvement, recording a mean of 79.4 (Sd = 1.64), with a VI

indicating a higher level of satisfaction—Satisfactory (S). Overall, the table

suggests an enhancement in both groups' grammar test performance, with the

Experimental Group exhibiting a more notable positive shift from pretest to

posttest.

Table 3
Significant Difference in the Mean Scores of the Control Group in
Pre-Test and Post-Test in Grammar

Control Group
Test
Mean P-
Mean
Diff
t-value df values
HO at .05 VI
Pretest 71.73 3.8 3.98 29 0.005 R S
Posttest 75.53

Table 3 reveals the significant disparity in mean scores within the

Control Group across the pretest and posttest phases of a grammar test. The

Control Group's pretest mean score stands at 71.73, contrasting with a

posttest mean of 75.53, reflecting a notable mean difference of 3.8. Statistical

analysis, as denoted by the t-value of 3.98 with 29 degrees of freedom,

reveals a p-value of 0.005. This p-value, falling below the conventional 0.05

significance level, leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis (HO) and

underscores the substantial improvement in the Control Group's performance.

Table 4
 Significant Difference in the Mean Scores of the Experimental
Group in Pre-Test and Post-Test in Grammar

Experimental Group
Test
Mean P-
Mean
Diff
t-value df values
HO at .05 VI
Pretest 71.33 8.07 4.65 29 0.000 R S
Posttest 79.4

Table 4 presents a comprehensive overview of the variations in mean

scores within the Experimental Group across the pretest and posttest phases

of a grammar test. The pretest mean for the Experimental Group stands at

71.33, witnessing a substantial surge to 79.4 in the posttest, resulting in a

substantial mean difference of 8.07. The t-value of 4.65, calculated with 29

degrees of freedom, underscores the statistical significance of this change.

The associated p-value of 0.000, considerably below the standard 0.05

significance level, unequivocally leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis

(HO). This rejection indicates a significant and positive shift in the

Experimental Group's performance from the pretest to the posttest in the

realm of grammar.

Table 5
Significant Difference in the Mean Scores of the Postest Experimental
Group in Pre-Test and Post-Test in Grammar

Mean
Groups Mean
Diff
t df Sig HO VI
Experimental 79.4 3.07 2.79 58 0.024 R S
Control 75.53
 Table 5 provides a detailed examination of the significant differences in

mean scores during the posttest phase of a grammar test between the

Experimental Group and the Control Group. The Experimental Group, with a

posttest mean of 79.4, demonstrated a noteworthy improvement compared to

the Control Group, which recorded a mean of 75.53. The calculated mean

difference of 3.07 is substantiated by a t-value of 2.79, computed with 58

degrees of freedom. The associated p-value of 0.024, falling below the

conventional 0.05 significance level, leads to the rejection of the null

hypothesis (HO). This rejection suggests a statistically significant difference in

posttest performance between the two groups, favoring the Experimental

Group.