A.

Gốc Hidrocacbon

�
3
−
CH
3

−
: metyl

�
2

�
5
−
C
2

H
5

−
: etyl

�
2
=

�
−
CH
2

=CH−
:vinyl

�
2
=

�
−

�
2
CH
2

=CH−CH
2

-: anlyl

�
6

�
5
−
C
6
H
5

−
: phenyl

�
6

�
5
−

�
2
−
C
6

H
5

−CH
2

−
: benzyl
(

�
3
)
2

�
−
(CH
3

)
2

CH−
: isopropyl

�
3
−

�
2
−

�
(

�
3
)
−
CH
3

−CH
2

−CH(CH
3

)−
: sec-butyl
(

�
3
)
3

�
−
(CH
3

)
3

C−
: tert-butyl
(

�
3
)
3

�
−

�
2
−
(CH
3

)
3

C−CH
2

−
: neo-pentyl

B. Hidrocacbon

�
4
CH
4

: metan

�
2

�
6
C
2

H
6

: etan

�
2
=

�
2
CH
2

=CH
2

: etilen (eten)

�
≡

�
�
CH≡CH
: etin (axetilen)

�
2
=

�
−

�
3
CH
2

=CH−CH
3

: propilen (propen)

�
2
=

�
−

�
�
=

�
2
CH
2

=CH−CH=CH
2

: buta-1,3-dien (divinyl)

�
2
=

�
=

�
2
CH
2

=C=CH
2

: anlen (propa-1,2-dien)
�

�
2
=

�
−

�
≡

�
CH
2

=CH−C≡CH
: vinylaxetilen

�
6

�
6
C
6

H
6

: benzen

�
6
�
5
−

�
3
C
6

H
5

−CH
3

: toluen (metylbenzen)

�
6

�
5
−

�
(

�
3
)
2
C
6

H
5

−C(CH
3

)
2

: isopropylbenzen (cumen)

�
3
−

�
6

�
4
−

�
3
CH
3

−C
6
H
4

−CH
3

: họ xilen
C6H5-CH=CH2: stiren (vinylbenzen)
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2: isopren

C. Hợp chất chứa oxi

CH3OH: metanol
C2H5-OH: etanol
C6H5-OH: phenol
C6H5-CH2-OH: ancol benzylic
CH2=CH-CH2-OH: Ancol anlylic
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH: Ancol isoamylic
HO-CH2-CH2-OH: etylenglicol
HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH: glyxerol (glyxerin)
HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH: sorbitol
HCHO: metanal - metandehit - andehit fomic - fomandehit
CH2=CH-CHO: andehit acrylic
OHC-CHO: andehit oxalic
C6H5-CHO: andehit benzoic
CH3-CHO: andehit axetic - etanal - axetandehit
HCOOH: axit fomic
CH3COOH: axit axetic
CH2=CH-COOH: axit acrylic
CH3-CH(OH)-COOH: axit lactic
C6H5-COOH: axit benzoic
(COOH)2: axit oxalic
CH2(COOH)2: axit malonic
(CH2COOH)2: axit succinic
(CH2)3(COOH)2: axit glutaric
(CH2)4(COOH)2: axit adipic

D. Este Lipit
HCOOCH3: metyl fomat
C6H5COOCH3: metyl benzoat
CH2=CH-COOC6H5: phenyl acrylat
CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3: metyl metacrylat
CH3COOCH2-CH=CH2: anlyl axetat
CH3COO-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)2: isoamyl axetat (dầu chuối)
C15H31-COOH: axit panmitic
C17H35-COOH: axit stearic
C17H33-COOH: axit oleic
C17H31-COOH: axit linoleic
CH3-NH2: metylamin (metanamin)
CH3-NH-CH3: dimetylamin (N-metylmetanamin)
(CH3)3N: trimetylamin
C6H5-NH2: anilin (benzenamin - phenylamin)
H2N-[CH2]6-NH2: hexametylendiamin
H2N-CH2-COOH: glyxin
H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH: alanin
(CH3)2CH-CH(NH2)-COOH: valin
H2N-[CH2]4-CH(NH2)-COOH: lysin
HOOC-CH(NH2)-[CH2]2-COOH: axit glutamic
HOOC-C6H4-COOH: axit terephtalic
CH2=CH-CN: acrylonitril (vinyl xianua)

E. Axit hữu cơ:

1. HCOOH : Axit fomit
2. CH3COOH : Axit axetic
3. CH3CH2COOH : Axit propionic
4. CH3CH2CH2COOH : Axit butiric
5. C15H31COOH : Axit panmitic
6. C17H33COOH : Axit oleic
7. C17H35COOH : Axit stearic
8. HOOC-COOH : Axit oxalic
9. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH : Axit ađipic
10. HOOC-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH : Axit malic (có trong quả táo)
11. C6H5-COOH : Axit benzoic
12. C6H5-CH=CH-COOH : Axit xiamic
13. C6H5-CH2-COOH : Axit phenylaxetic
14. CH3(CH2)3-COOH : Axit valeric
15. (CH3)2CH-COOH : Axit isobutiric
16. CH3-(CH2)5-COOH : Axit enantoic
17. CH3-(CH2)4-COOH : Axit caproic
18. CH2=CH-COOH : Axit acrylic
19. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH : Axit metacrylic
20. CH3-CH=CH-COOH : Axit crotonic
21. CH2=CH-CH2-COOH : Axit vynilaxetic
22. CHnối ba C-COOH : Axit propiolic
23. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH : Axit lactic