1

Lecture: 14 Improper Integrals (Type 1).

= ,

f d

𝐖 .
y

0 a b
x
∞
𝐔
 2

.
X=1

= lim [ ln − ] ∞
𝑡→∞ ln t

=∞− .1 ∞
= Divergent

So the given Improper integral is divergent.

 3

.1 ∞

0
= − +
→∞

= +
is a value fixed fou d = =0
=1 →∞

So This Improper integral is Convergent and Converges to 1.

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−𝑥
−

−
𝑻 = − =

−
𝑭 =− =−

= lim − 𝑙 ∫ u dv =
𝑙→∞
)
=

−
=
 5
Now
𝑙 ∞
= lim =
𝑙→∞ 𝑙 ∞

∞
= lim = Indeterminant form
𝑙→∞ 𝑙 ∞
Apply L’ Hospital’s Rule

= almost 0 = 0 (is a fixed value found)

So the proble give is Co verge t a d Co verges to 0.

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= lim
𝑡→−∞ 𝑡 −
𝑜
= lim [− − ]
𝑡→−∞ =− −

= lim [− + − ]
𝑡→−∞

=− +∞ = +∞

So Divergent.
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−𝑎 𝑖

−∞ 0 ∞
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𝜋 𝜋
= − − + −
−
𝝅
=
=𝝅 →∞

−
So Convergent =

−∞ < 0 > ∞
tan− =
−
𝝅
=−
→−∞

So This Improper Integral Converges to π.

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Lecture 15:
Improper Integrals (Type 2 & Mixed).

𝐏 𝐥

𝒙 𝒙

𝒙 , .
 y-axis 2

One by x dx from 0 to 1 & graph 1/x

The function is NOT defined at .

𝒙 0 X=1

ln t

= lim+[ln − ln ]
𝑡→
>>
=0 − 0
lim+ ln = −∞
𝑡→
= = Divergent −∞
 3
y-axis

𝒊
𝒊 at 0.

0 1

y-axis

∞
lim+ =∞
𝑡→
=− +∞ >>
= Divergent 0
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is at .
−𝑥

− 𝒙

0 >>
1

Value of sin-1 at 0 is 0
So Convergent
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𝒊
𝒊 at 0.

0
.
1

∫ ln 𝑥 d𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 - 𝑥
= lim+ − − 𝐥 +
𝑡→
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Re write the problem

In +
=
+

+
=− ∗∞ =
−∞
=−
∞
∞ ∞

Hidden form of indeterminate form

Indeterminate form
So
Now apply L’ Hospital’s Rule
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In
Now = lim+ = lim+
𝑡→ 𝑡→
−

= almost 0 =

Therefore ln 𝑥 d𝑥

=
almost

0
– 1 = A Fixed Value Found)
So The Improper integral is Convergent and Converges to – 1.
egration of 1 by x-2 whole to the power 2 by 3 dx from 1 to 4
8
The function is
𝑥−
Not at x = 2.
The Function is Discontinuous
at x = 2.

t −
= 𝑥− 𝑥

= lim− 𝑥− + lim+ 𝒙−
𝑡→ 𝑙→ = 𝒙−
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+ 𝑙
almost
almost

= 𝐥 𝐅𝐱 Found)
So Convergent.
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𝜋
is NOT Defined at .

𝑡
𝑥 Let
= lim
𝜋 −
𝑥 u = 1 – tan x then du = - sec2 x dx
𝑡→ − tan 𝑥

= lim
𝜋 −
− ln − tan 𝑥
𝑡→

= lim
𝜋 − − ln − tan +
𝑡→
𝜋− − +
= − ln − tan = −𝑙𝑛 − = − ln =∞
So Divergent.
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= 𝑥
𝑥 𝒙 +

Let, = 𝒙
𝝅
. tan-1 𝒙

0
. 1. > ∞
x
−
= 𝒂 𝒙

1
1
𝑙
= lim+ 𝑥 + lim 𝑥
𝑡→ 𝑡 𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑙→∞ 𝑥 𝑥+
 Limit t approaches to 0 plus 2 tan inverse root over x from t to 1 plus Limit approaches
to 0 plus 2 tan inverse root over x from t to 1 12
l approaches to infinity 2 tan inverse root over x from 1 to l

𝐀𝐅 𝐱 𝐥 Found)
𝝅 . tan-1 𝑥

So Convergent. 0
. >
x ∞
1
This Improper integral Converges to π.
lim+ 𝑎𝑛− =
𝑡→
−
𝝅
𝒊 𝒂 =
→∞