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‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬

‫‪.1‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫‪.2‬ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫‪.3‬ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫‪.4‬ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫‪.5‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫‪.6‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.x,yz‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺮ ﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪x، y، z،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ‪، i، j، k،‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ)ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ(‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ‪.‬ﻟﻜﻦ‪،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﺟﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻭ ‪ z‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺎً‪ θx‬ﻭ ‪ θy‬ﻭ ‪ θz.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪(1-3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(1-3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪.2‬ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ‪r،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ xy،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ x‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ‪θ،‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ‪ z‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ‪ϕ،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(2-3‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ xy، -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪r،‬‬

‫‪ xy‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ x‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ‪θ،‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ‪z،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(3-3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺘﻰﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﻪﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ 1‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪.1‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺗﺰﻳﻮﻥ ‪ i‬ﻭ‪ j‬ﻭ‪ .k‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪:‬‬

‫‪ x،‬ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪i،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻭ ‪ y،‬ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪j،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ z.‬ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪k،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ N 100‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪N 3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻣﺸﻴﺮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦﺃﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺏﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ ،N 3−‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪N 3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪(4-3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(4-3‬‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪(4-3‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫=‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪F،‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫)(‬ ‫=‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫)(‬ ‫=‬
‫||‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ| |‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪ (3).‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻛﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ً"ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ"ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪(, ,‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪(, ,‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ( ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪(− ( + ) − ( + ) −‬‬ ‫)=‬
‫△= △‪+△ +‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(5-3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪(5-3‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫△= △‪+△ +‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫△) = | | ( ‪( △) + ( △) +‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ)‪(3‬‬

‫=‬
‫| |‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆﺃﻧﻪ ﻷﻱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪F،‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ(‬

‫ﺣﻞﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺃ( ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ‪ A‬ﻭ‪ B‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3-6‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ )ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ( ﺃﻭ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ(‬
‫‪= −‬‬

‫( ‪=) − ( +) − ( +) −‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‪:‬‬

‫( ‪| |=) − (+) − (+) −‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(6-3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬

‫= ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫=‬

‫|‬ ‫|‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ )‪ (x،y،z‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭ= = ‪.‬‬
‫(‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫=)‬
‫(‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‬ ‫|‬ ‫|‬

‫‪.‬ﻗﻮﺓﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪F: F:‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻫﻮﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪U:‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪//‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 7-3‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ‪ N 100‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ‪ O‬ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ‪ xyz‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ F‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ‪ 3m، 4m، 5m‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻭ ‪ z‬ﻟـ ‪F‬؟‬

‫ﺳﻮﻝ ‪//‬‬

‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫| |‬

‫‪٣ + 4 +5‬‬
‫‪=100‬‬
‫√‪5 + 4 + 3‬‬

‫ﻑ=‪0.424 + 0566 + 0.707 []100‬‬

‫ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‪F=42.4i+56.6j+70.7‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(7-3‬‬ ‫‪=42.4‬‬
‫‪=56.6‬‬
‫‪=70.7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻷﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺫﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:(8-3‬‬

‫=‬ ‫()‬

‫=‬ ‫()‬

‫=‬ ‫(‪)ɣ‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ɣ‬‬

‫) =‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫(‪ɣ‬‬

‫=‪ɣ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(8-3‬‬
‫ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺃﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫=‪α‬‬

‫=‬

‫=‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ًﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪(9-3‬‬

‫‪ф‬‬ ‫⃑؟ =‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ф‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(9-3‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝﺁﺧﺮ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪(10-3‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ф‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(10-3‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫؟‪ xy‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ F‬ﻟـ ‪ Fxy‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ‪ 1‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺳﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،11-3‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪/‬‬
‫‪example.2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(11-3‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻝ ‪//‬‬

‫ﺟﻴﺐﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ) ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ (12-3‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ F‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪xy‬‬

‫=‬

‫) (‪( ) +‬‬
‫= ‪.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫√‪+ +‬‬

‫=(‬ ‫)‬

‫‪= 100 ∗ 0.707 = 70.7‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(12-3‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ( ‪ ) ، ،‬ﻭ‬
‫( ‪ ) ، ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ⋅ﺏ=(‪AxBx+AyBy+AzBz______)1‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻓﺉﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ‬

‫∗||∗||= ‪.‬‬ ‫( )__________( )‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪ θ‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﻴﻦ ﻭ |‪ |A‬ﻭ |ﺏ| ﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ A‬ﻭ‪.B‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫| | ‪(، ،‬‬ ‫)=‬

‫= ‪. + . + . .‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ‪.‬‬

‫)ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﻮﺭﺱ(‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ‪√.‬‬

‫||=‬
‫| | ‪(، ،‬‬ ‫)=‬
‫= ‪. + . + . .‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ‪+ .‬‬

‫)ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﻮﺭﺱ(‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ‪√.‬‬

‫||=‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫=‬ ‫= ‪?= − ,‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ‪ F‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪, ،‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪| | =.‬‬

‫( )‪+) (+‬‬ ‫( )‬ ‫=||‬

‫)‪(50) + (40−) + (30‬‬ ‫= ‪.‬‬

‫‪| | = √5000 =70.7‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ‬
‫‪.1‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻲ‪AB = BA :‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ‪ :‬ﺃ )‪) = (AB‬ﺃﺃ(‪.‬ﺏ = ﺃ‪).‬ﺃﺏ(‬
‫‪.3‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ :‬ﺃ‪).‬ﺏ ‪ +‬ﺩ( = )‪(AD) + (AB‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ؟ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻮﺗﻴﻦ )ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ A 13-3‬ﻭ‪ ،B‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬

‫∗||∗||= ‪.‬‬ ‫()‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(13-3‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 13-3‬ﻭﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (2‬ﻟﻠﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ θ‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﻴﻦ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪B‬‬

‫(‪. = ) ∗ ( + ∗ ____________________________)1‬‬

‫*| | ∗ ̅| |= ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﺱ )‪(2)___________________________ (θ‬‬

‫*| | ∗ ̅| |= ∗ ‪) ∗ ( +‬ﻛﻮﺱ )‪(θ‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫||∗||‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ //3‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪14-3‬؟‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(14-3‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻝ ‪//‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫___________________)‪(1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫| |∗| |‬
‫‪:‬ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺎﻥﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‪AC‬ﻭ ‪ AB‬ﺝ‪(0i+1j+1k) :‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺏ‪(0i+3j+4k):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺝ‪(3i+5j+0k):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫‪= −‬‬
‫{ (‪0( + )3 − 1( + )4 − 1‬‬ ‫{ ‪= }0 + 2 +3‬‬
‫‪= })0 −‬‬
‫‪= −‬‬
‫{ (‪0( + )5 − 1( + )0 − 1‬‬ ‫{ ‪= }3 + 4 −1‬‬
‫‪= })3 −‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ { ‪}3 + 4 −1‬‬
‫{ ‪= }0 + 2 +3‬‬ ‫=‬

‫=‪5‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫(‪= )0 ∗ 3( + )2 ∗ 4( + 3 ∗ )−1‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ { ‪= }0 + 2 +3‬‬

‫‪+ 2 + 3 | | =3.6055‬‬
‫‪| | =0‬‬
‫{ ‪= }3 + 4 −1‬‬

‫‪+ 4 + 1 | | =5.099‬‬
‫‪| | =3‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪5.099 ∗3.6055‬‬

‫‪=74.22‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮﺭﻋﻠﻰ‪:com.projectio‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ B.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻫﻮ ﻇﻞ ‪A‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (15-3‬ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ‪n‬‬

‫ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ‪ A‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪B‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﻟـ ‪A‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱﺇﻟﻰ ﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (15-3‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬

‫‪ A‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ B‬ﻭﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪ B‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.A‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪ A‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.B‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪ B‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.A‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(15-3‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫∗‬

‫‪.‬ﻫﻮﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮﺽﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪U:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪:(15-3‬‬

‫∗ =‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‬
‫‪ .(15-3‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻷﻱﻗﻮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‖‬ ‫= ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‖.‬ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ )ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ( ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ //4‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺓ ]‪ N[60i+12j-40k‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺏﻭ ﺃﺱ؟‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(16-3‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻝ ‪//‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫‪=.‬‬
‫‪=.‬‬
‫‪=.‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺎﻥﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‪AC‬ﻭ ‪ AB‬ﺝ‪(3i+0j+0k) :‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺏ‪(0i-0.75j+1k):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺝ‪(0i+1j+1.5k):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫{ (‪+ )−0.75 − 0( + )1 − 0‬‬ ‫{ ‪= }−3 − 0.75 +1‬‬
‫(‪= })0 − 3‬‬
‫{ (‪+ )1 − 0( + )1.5 − 0‬‬ ‫{ ‪= }−3 + 1 +1.5‬‬
‫(‪= })0 − 3‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ { ‪−3 − 0.75 +1‬‬
‫}=‬
‫‪= )−3( + )−0.75( + 1 | | =3.25‬‬
‫| |‬
‫{ ‪= }−3 + 1 +1.5‬‬
‫‪= )−3( + 1 + 1.5 | | =3.5‬‬
‫| |‬

‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫‪}−3 − 0.75 +1 {m‬‬
‫{ ‪= }−0.923 − 0.231 +0.308‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪3.25‬‬
‫{ ‪}−3 + 1 +1.5‬‬
‫{ ‪= }−0.857 + 0.286 +0.429‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪3.5‬‬
‫ﻗﻢﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ F‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫‪= . AB‬‬
‫= )‪0.308)(40-)+(0.231-)(12)+(0.923-)(60‬‬
‫( ‪= −70.472‬‬
‫|‬ ‫‪| =70.472‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﻢﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ F‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫‪= . AC‬‬
‫= )‪0.429)(40-)+(0.286-)(12)+(0.857-)(60‬‬
‫( ‪= −65.148‬‬
‫|‬ ‫‪| =65.148‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ //5‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 17-3‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ‪ AC‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎً‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬ﻳﻘﻊ ‪ Pint B‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(17-3‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻝ ‪//‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺉﻞ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ‪(1 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‪ :‬ﺝ‪(0i+0j+4k) :‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺏ‪(1.5i+2j+2k-):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺝ‪(3i+4j+0k-):‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺩ‪(4i+6j+0k):‬ﻡ‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﻴﺐ‪BD‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫{ ‪(( + )6 − 2( + )0 − 2( { | | = }5.5 + 4 −2‬‬
‫‪= })4 − )−1.5‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ { ‪= }5.5 + 4 −2‬‬

‫‪(2−) + +‬‬ ‫‪( + )4( | | =7.089‬‬

‫‪= )5.5‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5.5‬‬ ‫ﻡ{ ‪}5.5 + 4 − 2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪7.089‬‬ ‫‪7.089‬‬ ‫‪7.089‬‬ ‫‪7.089‬‬ ‫| |‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5.5‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ‪∗ 600‬‬ ‫‪=.‬‬
‫‪7.089‬‬ ‫‪7.0897.089‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫{ ‪= }465.5 + 338.5 −169.28‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫{ ‪0( + )4 − 0( + )0 − 4( { | | = }−3 + 4 −4‬‬
‫‪= }))−3( −‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ { ‪= }−3 + 4 −4‬‬
‫| |‬
‫‪(4−)+ + (4) +‬‬ ‫(‪| | = )−3‬‬
‫‪| | =6.403‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺕﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫‪4-‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3-‬‬ ‫‪}−3 + 4 − 4 {m‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪6.403‬‬ ‫‪6.403‬‬ ‫‪6.403‬‬ ‫‪6.403‬‬ ‫| |‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺘﺰﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ(‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪= .‬‬

‫=)‪(0.625-)(169.28-)+(0.625)(338.5)+(0.468-)(465.5‬‬

‫‖= ‪99.5‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‖‬

‫‪‖−‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪= 600 −99.5‬‬

‫= ‪591.69‬‬

‫‪19‬‬