Integrated Analysis of Environmental Hazards, Topographical Features, and Target Market at

Clarin Beach Area: A Proposed Beach Resort

Research Paper

Presented to

College of Computer Science, Engineering, and Architecture

La Salle University

Ozamiz City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment for

Architectural Design 6: Site Development Plan and Landscaping

By

Gumera, Janine Rose P.

Milvar, Dana Delany A.

Calunod, Isshe
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Table of Contents ii

Research Questions 1

Literature Review 1

Conceptual Framework 3

Research Hypothesis 4

Data Gathering 4

Site Analysis 5

Loretos Beach Resort 5

Lupagan, Clarin, Misamis Occidental …

SWOT Analysis …

Local Ordinances …

Annex 1 Philippine Green Building Code …

Annex 2 National Building Code of the Philippines …

Conclusion …

References
Research Questions

1. What potential hazards and the topographical characteristics exist in the coastal region of

Clarin?

2. What design layout can be done considering the potential hazards and topographical

characteristics of the area?

3. What should be the design of the beach resort that will cater to the target market?

Review of Related Literature

Beach tourism covers a wide range of activities on the water such as lakes, beaches, bays

or the sea that are planned so that it is ready for tourist visits. The existence of beach tourism

areas have not been planned and handled ideally. This is seen in some coastal regions where the

area has lost its original functions. It is important to determine the purpose of beach areas and

have the means to develop through an architectural approach as well as minding the surrounding

natural environment of the region (Setyaningsih, 2019). Some of the environmental hazards that

exist in beach tourism are climate change, sea level rise, flooding, coastal erosion, and the

increased frequency of storms and heat waves. This affects the security and tourist attraction of

coastal destinations (Climate Change Threatens Beach Tourism, 2023).

Coastal areas, especially those that are low-lying, face significant risks from flooding and

erosion. Over the past century, global sea levels have risen by approximately 20 cm, with the rate

of rise nearly doubling in the last two decades. This poses a serious threat of submersion to

islands and low-lying regions worldwide (Spiteri & Gauci, 2022). Flooding is a challenge in low-

lying areas like deltas and coastal plains. One of the aspects that can worsen this issue is

groundwater extraction and land sinking caused by a lack of sediment (Coastal Flood, 2023).
Coastal flooding can cause considerable economic losses and casualties. The Netherlands,

particularly its low-lying northern regions, heavily depends on defenses like levees due to its

susceptibility to floods. Among the most devastating floods in history was the North Sea flood of

1953. On the night of January 31, 1953, a powerful storm surge, compounded by an unfavorable

tide, struck the Netherlands with catastrophic force. The storm overwhelmed barriers, causing

extensive damage and destruction to many of them. Entire islands and coastal areas were

submerged, resulting in the tragic loss of 1,836 lives in the Netherlands (Coastal Flooding:

Definition, Causes & Solution | StudySmarter, n.d.). Additionally, coastal flooding causes

environmental impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. Floods may devastate coastal

ecosystems such as wetlands and estuaries, and also result in the erosion of dune systems (Hunt

and Watkiss, 2011).

Coastal areas are facing increased risks from both natural and human-caused hazards,

making them more susceptible to coastal erosion. The gradual loss of shoreline is seen as a

growing threat due to factors like climate change and human activities that disrupt the natural

processes responsible for maintaining beaches and coasts. Coastal erosion happens primarily

when wind, waves, and currents shift sand away from the shore and deposit it elsewhere. Coastal

erosion is often caused by a combination of natural processes and human activities operating at

different levels. It involves the gradual wearing away of land by the sea over time, mitigating the

effects of weather, storms, and local sediment shifts, such as sand waves. This erosion leads to

the disappearance of land that holds economic or ecological importance, and it can also cause

properties situated on cliffs and dunes to collapse (Prasad & Kumar, 2014).

Topography and slope features in beach on shoreline plays a part in influencing the

dynamics of the shore area. A study in southern coast Dakar, Senegal, tackles the factors
affecting shoreline dynamics. The study analyzed topographic data, slope characteristics, and

geomorphological features to understand their influence on coastal processes such as erosion,

sediment transport, and shoreline change. The study uses GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

and remote sensing techniques to assess these factors. Findings from the study provide insights

into the complex interactions between topography, slope, and geomorphology in shaping coastal

dynamics, which could have implications for coastal management and adaptation strategies in

the region (Pouye et al., 2023).

Clarin, officially the Municipality of Clarin (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Clarin; Tagalog: Bayan ng

Clarin), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Occidental, Philippines. According to

the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,356 people. Formerly known as Loculan, the town is

currently named after José Clarín.

Climate

DEMOGRAPHICS

In the 2020 census, the population of Clarin, Misamis Occidental, was 39,356 people, [3] with a

density of 470 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,200 inhabitants per square mile.
SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF CLARIN

DEMOGRAPHY

Clarin is a coastal municipality in the province of Misamis Occidental.

The municipality has a land area of 75.73 square kilometers or 29.24 square
miles which constitutes 3.77% of Misamis Occidental's total area. Its
population as determined by the 2020 Census was 39,356. This represented
6.38% of the total population of Misamis Occidental province, or 0.78% of the
overall population of the Northern Mindanao region. Based on these figures,
the population density is computed at 520 inhabitants per square kilometer or
1,346 inhabitants per square mile.

BARANGAYS

Clarin has 29 barangays as shown in the following table.

Economy

he annual regular revenue of Clarin for the fiscal year of 2016 was ₱110,207,933.30.
Demographics

Households
The household population of Clarin in the 2015 Census was 37,396 broken
down into 8,374 households or an average of 4.47 members per household.
LOCATION

The municipal center of Clarin is situated at approximately 8° 12' North, 123° 52' East, in the

island of Mindanao. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 8.0 meters or 26.2 feet above

mean sea level.

Site Data and Analysis

The site chosen is a beach side lot located in Brgy. Lupagan, Clarin Misamis Occidental.

Image source: Map.Google.Com

Site and Surroundings

The location of the site is near the Villa Lorencita Resorts, also near the Loreto’s Beach

Resort. There are no existing buildings on the site, though there are nearby public/government

and some small resorts in the surrounding area.

 Neighborhood Context

Nearby buildings are mostly residential with exceptions to nearby small beach resorts

and nearby structures are well kept. Exterior spaces are mostly used as farmlands if not made

into beach resorts.Near open land and farmlands, crops are the prominents plants planted and

coconut trees and aside from sand, farmlands surround the site as well as native trees.

Natural Features