ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

HYDROCARBONS HYDROCARBONS
DERIVATES

Standard Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons (C’s and

with CxHx H’s) BUT ALSO other
elements.
R denotes a hydrocarbon chain.

Functional groups with different

structural attachments
 ALCOHOLS HYDROXYL GROUP

• An organic compound
containing the hydroxyl, (-OH)
• General formula: R- OH

• Base chain name + change

the end to -ol
Ethanol
 CLASSIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS

Primary Alcohol Secondary Alcohol Tertiary Alcohol

Number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group
 -OH is bonded to a
one alkyl group.

Primary Alcohol Ethanol

-OH is bonded to a
two alkyl groups.

Secondary Alcohol
Pentan-2-ol

-OH is bonded to a
three alkyl groups.

Tertiary Alcohol 2methylpropan-2-ol

NAMING OF ALCOHOLS

Choose the parent chain such that it is

the longest carbon chain containing the
carbon atom connected to the OH group.
Number the longest chain to give the
lowest number to the carbon with the
attached –OH
Locate the OH position

3-hexanol • Base chain name + change the end to -

ol
NAMING OF ALCOHOLS
dimethyl
Locate and name other substituted
groups
Combine the name and location of
other groups, the location of the –OH,
and other longest chain into the final
4 2 name. List the substituents in
alphabetical order.

2,4- dimethyl -3-hexanol

NAMING OF ALCOHOLS

H H H
For those w/ more than one –OH
groups.
Keep ending of alkyl name
1 2 3 Add “diol”, “triol” as appropriate
Locate each hydroxyl group

OH OH OH
1,2,3 - propanetriol
Glycerol
ALCOHOL AND ITS USES

Methanol is widely used as a

chemical feedstock in the
production of methanal or
formaldehyde that is used in the
manufacture of plastics, paints,
explosives, textiles and
cosmetics.
ALCOHOL AND ITS USES

• Methanol used as a solvent for inks, adhesives,

resins, dyes, in the pharmaceutical industry, in
antifreeze for automotive radiators and screen wash.
• Ethanol is used in perfumes, cosmetics, paints,
detergents, inks, hand sanitizers , hand wipes and
for some analgesics and mouthwashes.
• Propanol It is used to produce other solvents such
as antifreeze, lacquer formulations, soaps, dye
solutions, window cleaner and more.
ALCOHOL AND ITS USES

• Methanol is used as an additive in petrol to

improve combustion. It can be used as a fuel
in several internal combustion engines.
• Ethanol acts as a clean fuel because it
undergoes complete combustion. Therefore, it
does not contribute much to pollution. It burns
with a clean, smokeless flame to produce
carbon dioxide and water.

Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable

oils with methanol. Glycerol is produced as
a by-product in the reaction.