PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

Topic:
Working of the Newton's Laws of momentum

Name: Panav Urmalia

Standard: XI-B
Roll No: 11226
Academic year: 2023-2024
 CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION
This is to certify that Master
Panav Urmalia
of Std. XI-B (PCM)
has successfully completed the
Physics Investigatory Project on
the topic “Working of the
Newton's laws of momentum” under the
guidance of Mrs. Anjali Mane
Ma’am during the academic
year 2023-2024 in partial
fulfilment conducted by AISSCE
as per the guidelines of central
board of secondary education.

PRINCIPAL SIGN SCHOOL STAMP INTERANAL SIGN EXTERNAL SIGN

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deep

gratitude and sincere thanks to
Mrs. Raj Aloni Ma’am, Principal of
Ramsheth Thakur Public School,
Kharghar for her continuous
support and for providing with all
the required facilities.

I am also grateful to our guide

Mrs. Sowmyasree Mam for
guiding and helping us towards
the successful completion of this
project. I would also like to thank
my parents for their constant
support and encouragement.

2
 INDEX
Serial Contents Page
no. No.
1 Introduction 4
2 Experiment 5-7
3 Bibliography 8

3
 INTRODUCTION
➢WHAT IS Newtons Cradle? S
Newton's Cradle is a classic physics
demonstration that beautifully illustrates the
principles of conservation of momentum and
energy. It consists of a series of identical metal
balls suspended in a row. When one ball is
lifted and released, it swings down and collides
with the stationary balls at the other end.

Newtons Law of conservation of Momentum

Newton's Law of Conservation of Momentum
states that the total momentum of an isolated
system of objects remains constant if no
external forces act on it. In simpler terms,
the momentum before an event must be
equal to the momentum after the event,
provided there are no external forces involved.
4
 EXPERIMENT
➢AIM:
To demonstrate and understand the principles
e
of Newton's Cradle and verify the conservation
of momentum in a simple mechanical system.
i. ➢MATERIALS REQUIRED

1 - Newton's Cradle apparatus

2 - Ruler or measuring tape
3 - Stopwatch or timer
4 - Small weights (optional for modification)
e
➢PROCEDURE
Setup:
a. Ensure the Newton's Cradle apparatus is set up on a stable surface.
b. Use a ruler to measure and record the initial height of one of the hanging balls.
c. If modifying the experiment, add small weights to one or more of the hanging balls.

Baseline Measurements:
i.
a. Lift one ball to a certain height and release it.
b. Use a stopwatch to measure the time taken for the ball to swing back and
forth for 10 complete oscillations.
c. Record the time and calculate the average time for one oscillation.

Modification (Optional): f
a. Add small weights to one or more balls to change their mass.
b. Repeat the measurements with the modified Newton's Cradle.

Observations:
a. Record the number of balls involved in the collision.
r
b. Note any changes in the motion of the system with and without modifications.
c. Observe the height to which the last ball swings.

Analysis and Results:

a. Calculate the initial and final momenta of the system using the formula:
e
Momentum
=
Mass
×
Velocity
e
. 5
b. Compare the initial and final momenta to check for the conservation of momentum.
c. Analyze the effect of modifications on the system's behavior.
 ➢RESULT
The time period for oscillation should remain relatively constant,
demonstrating a consistent transfer of momentum.
The initial and final momenta should be approximately equal,
confirming the conservation of momentum.
Modifications such as adding weights may affect the time period
and behavior of the system, showcasing the impact of mass on
momentum.
This experiment allows for a hands-on exploration of the conservation
of momentum using Newton's Cradle, providing a practical understanding
of this fundamental physics principle.
f
➢PRECAUTIONS:
1 -Ensure a stable setup of Newton's
Cradle on a secure surface. .
2 -Maintain a safe distance to
avoid collisions during observations.
3 -Use appropriate-sized balls, t
and if modifying, secure added weights.
4 -Follow accurate measurement practices
and consider protective eyewear if necessary.

i.

6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
➢https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/hy
draulic-press.html

➢https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-
12/WindTunnel/Activities/Newtons laws
le.html

➢https://byjus.com/physics/Newtons-law-
and-its-application/