COURSE 2

Lesson 2: Traffic light at mga dapat na pag-uugali sa kalsada

If naabutan sa red light, need to go to designated line.

Flashing red lights – bring your vehicle to stop and proceed only when safe.
Flashing yellow signal – It advice you to slow down and proceed with caution
Flashing green signal – proceed with caution.

Rode rage – nag-aaway ang mga driver at nauuwi sa patayan. Intense anger ng mga
driver habang nasa kalsada. Stress. Madalas pag malala ang trapiko. Madalas
intentional ang road crash.
Things to do to avoid rode rage:
 Never provoke anyone
 Avoid surprises (use signal lights properly)
 Avoid being the reason for someone’s delay
 Before merging with traffic, fing a gap where you can enter
 Avoid changing lane in heavy traffic
 Do not crowd and cutoff other vehicle
 Be careful when you break

Lesson 3: Blowbagets
Pre-trip checkup – to know the road worthiness
Accronym for pre-trip check up is Blowbagets which means:
Should be in low beam if may kasalubong na kotse within 200 meteres.
Avoid using too much headlights and tints for windows.
Accessories

Tips to save from gasoline

 Avoid short trips (walk nalang)
 Avoid routes that experience heavy traffic, search for other routes
 Do not overload
 Shifting and acceleration should be smooth
 Stick to 1 gas brand
 Ensure that the fuel tank doesn’t leaks

Lesson 4: Mga dahilan ng Road Crashes at paano ito maiiwasan (Human factors)

Inevitable
 Ways to prevent

: eat in right time

: physically fit and mentally fit
: iwasan ang diretsong work without rest
: don’t drink alcohol

6 hours driving rule:

Kahti anong gawain na nakaka-affect sa tulog ay part ng uncontrolled night life.

Distracted driving factors:
 Emotion
 Answering calls
 Talking to passengers
 Hunger
 RA 10913 an act of penalizing and distracted driving
 To ensure safety – ask yourself w regards to the following

Breaking distance
Lesson 5: Mga dahilan ng road crashes at paano ito maiiwasan (motor vehicle
factors)

Phillipine road safety action plan 2021-2022 – naglalayon na pababain ng 20% and
death rate sa bansa by 2022. One of the Focus is to implement the vehicle safety
standards.
Overheating factors:
 kulang sa tubig
 Clogged radiator
 Clogged air filter
 Lack of oil
 Water and oil mixed in engine block
 Sticking brake
 Prolonged used of low gear pag-paahon
 Lumuwag o nasira ang belts
 overuse ang aircon
How to know if overheat na?
 Check the power
 High temperature gauge
 White exhaust
What will happen if it overheated
 Umapoy
 Mag stuck up at mawalan ng control sa makina
These two may lead to accidents and injury

2 parts of manifold
- intake manifold
Pinapasukan ng hangin papuntang makina
- exhaust manifold
Release ang gas bago ang combustion/ daanan ng usok bago lumabas sa tambucho.
Need ichek kasi if nagtagal magkakaroon ng Manifold leak at low engine performance
ksi insufficient ang air.

Cause of Oil leak

- back job
- prolonged idling
- build up of foreign materials
- substandard gaskets and o-rings
- over rpm (revolutions per minute)
LESSON 7: MGA DAPAT GAWIN KUNG MAY EMERGENCIES

Tire blowout

 Hawakan ng maigi ang manibela

 Don’t panic
 Slow down
 Look for the safe spot
 On ang hazard light
 Maglagay ng early warning device (EWD)
o Reflective cone
o Triangle

Brake failure (loss of break)

 Aim to the target or escape area
 Release the accelerator
 Controlin ng maayos ang manibela
 Mag downshift to low gear
 Use the parking brake
 Honk your horn
 Use soft crash area (grassy land, open field)
Di pwedeng basta basta pataying nalang ang makina. Use the parking break nalang.

Engine overheat (happens kapag mababa ang cooling levels or may leak sa
engine ng makina)

What to do:
 Monitor ang temperature, Radiator hose , Coolant level
 Stop the car
 Wag patayin ang makina
 Stop the aircon
 Don’t open the hood of the car immediately, be careful. Wait for a few minutes
before opening (maaring mapaso)
 Pour water in the fins of the radiator
 Dagdagan ang coolant

Engine fire (chemical, mechanical, electrical) if kahit isa lang ay wala, may lead to
engine fire.
 Mag maneho paalis sa lahat ng bagay tao at sasakyan
 Pababain lahat ng tao sa sasakyan
 Patayin ang ignition and leave quickly
Skid and traction loss (cause is pag-drive kahit pudpod na ang tires, masyadong
mabilis ang pagtakbo or pag drive sa madudulas na surface)

 Avoid sudden brake

 Don’t give up, focus unitl you’re able to control it again

 Trail braking (technique to cope up with this kind of incidents)

o Tapakan ng todo ang breaks habang wala pa sa curve

Poor visibility
 Fogs
 Rain
 Sun glare
 Dark
 Use low beam lights
 Use wipers

DON’T USE WHITE

HEADLIGHTS

HOTLINES
PNP - 117
RED CROSS - 143

ROAD CRASH INCIDENT CHECKLIST

 Time
 Location
 Involved parties
 No of injured
 Witness
 Police officers

School bus safety

 Nakaupo ng maayos
  Ilagay ang bags sa ilalim ng upuan
 Clear aisle
 Wag mag tapon ng basura
 behave
 Iwasan kumain

LESSON 8: Mga dapat gawin kung masangkot sa road crash

Road crash

 4 factors
o Human factor – major factor

o Machine or motor vehicle factor

o Engineering or infrastructure error
o Environment factor

 To do in crash
o Stop don’t do hit and run, it’s a crime
o Protect the scene – turn on hazard lights, put early warning devices
(reflective cones, triangles)

o Call – call for help (police, ambulance)

o Record
 Incident details (Picture, documentation, notes)
 Parties involved
 Witnesses

 Check injuries
o Give first aid
 COURSE 3

Lesson 3: Mga Responsibilidad ng Driver sa kanyang Pasahero

 Riding on top of any vehicles is prohibited except for truck helpers.

Cargo handling
o May sapat na ilaw
o Patag ang kalsada
o Nakastabilize ang sasakyan
o Never load unsecured items on the backseat or rear window deck of the
vehicle.

Person with a disability

Person with –
Person using wheelchair
Person with limited liability imbis na lame
Imbis na retarded, mentally retarded, person with a developmental disability
dapat.
Imbis na normal – able-bodied or non-disabled
Lesson 4: Mga Karapatan ng driver kung Mahuli ng Enforcer

Rights of a driver when apprehended:

1. Right to know the full name of the apprehending officer.
2. Right to be informed of the traffic agency for where the officer works.
3. Right to know if the officer is for traffic direction and control officer (cannot
confiscate license) or a deputized officer (should have proofs or deputized
id, they have the rights to confiscate license). Should provide TOP as well
when confiscated.
4. Right to be informed the nature of violations for why the driver is
apprihended.
5. Right not to step down of the vehicle (during checkpoint)
6. Right to contest at the appropriate office of the concerned traffic agency
when not satisfied with the apprehension.
7. Right to file the appropriate criminal, civil or administrative case, IN CASE
OF ABUSE OF AUTHORITY or any irreqularities whcih may be committed
by the traffic officer.

Lesson 5: Land Transportation Related Special Laws (Part 1)

1. Philippine Clean air act of 1999 (RA 8749)

3 policies:
Clean air act to support the 4 rights of the Filipino:

2 organizations that helps in executing the Philippine clean air act:

- Department of enviroment and natural resources

- Department of transportation
 4 kind of air pollution (Sources):

- Mobile or moving sources like cars, truck, and airplanes

- Stationary sources like power and oil plants, and factories
- Area sources like agricultural area, city, wood burning places
- Other sources like natural phenomenon volacanic eruption

2. Seat belts use act of 1999 (RA 8750)

- Most effective way to prevent death and serious injury

Two types of seatbelt:
1. Lap belt or two-point seatbelt
2. Shoulder harness or three point seatbelt
6 years old and below are not allowed in front seat beside the driver.
Child safety seat- need for children 12 yrs. Old or below.

3. The motor vehicle Road User’s charge law/ anti-overloading (RA 8794)
Lesson 6: Land Transportation Related Special Laws (Part 2)
RA 10586 of 2013 - Anti-drunk and drugged driving act or ADDDA
Sakop rin ang dangerous drugs. Di ibig sabihin illegal yung gamot na ininom, pwede
ring dahil wala sa reseta ng doctor.
Symptoms or indication na maaaring nakainom ang driver:
1. Lane straddling – occupies the middle of the both lanes or magkasalubong
ang pag-drive.
2. Overspeeding
3. Swerving
4. Smell of alcohol in the driver’s breath
5. Slurred speech
6. Redding eyes and face
7. Difficulty in understanding and answering the questions ask by the
enforcers
If one or higit pa ang na-observe ng enforcer sa driver, need nito sumailalim sa 3
field sobriety test (FST).
 1. First test is eye test – horizontal gaze nystagmus
2. The walk and turn test
3. The one-leg stand

If pumasa sa 3 test, will give ticket lang for traffic violation.

If involved in motor vehicular road crash, MANDATORY ALCOHOL AND DRUG
TESTING.
2 BASIS to know if one is driving under influence of alcohol (DUIA)
1. If driver ng PUV (public utility vehicle) greater than 0% alcohol content,
considered as DUIA.
2. If driver ng private car that doesn’t exceed the weight of 4,500 kg ang gross
vehicle weight. 0.05% to consider as DUIA.

This time, when arrested. You can call for your lawyer na.
Fine
1. If di naka-cause ng physical injury or homicide, 3 months imprisonment and a
fine ranging from 20-80k.
2. If naka-cause ng physical injury, 100-200k ang multa. May be imprison ng 3
months. Article 2-6-3 RPC.
3. If naka-cause ng death, from article 2-4-9 ng RPC. Ang multa ay from 300-500k.

4. If non-professional and napatunayan that lumabag sa anti-drunk and dragged

act.

Permanently di na pwede kumuha ng driver’s license.

RA 10913 – anti-distracted driving act of 2016. Bawal to use any communication device
(phone, walkie talkie, tablets) kahit nasa red light or intersection.
EXCEPTION: Pwede ang communication device as long as hands free ito or for map or
direction purposes.

RA 10916 – Road speed limiter act of 2016. Need na may speedometer ang mga public
vehicles at piling uri ng sasakyan.

Lesson 7: Mga Batas na kaugnay ng Pagmamaneho ng Motorsiklo

RA 10054 – Motorcycle Helmet act of 2009

All motorcyle drivers and it’s passengers should always wear helmet. Long drive or
short drive.
Not any helmet, should be standard protective motorcycle helmet. That has been
complied sa standards ng DTI.

3 kinds of helmet approved by DTI.

 1. Full face helmet
2. Half face helmet
3. Half head helmet

Dapat may sticker: iwasan ang mga helment na hindi approved ng DTI

Seller na nagbebenta ng di DTI approved na helmet at walng sticker ay may multa rin.
TOP box - na may maximum capacity ng 2 full face helmet should be approved by DTI.
Pag na-meet lahat, di na kailangan ng inspection and registration sa dti.
Custom made top boxes – usually used for food deliveries. Should be registered in
LTO. Registration is up to 100 pesos. Mga kailangan sundin for this:

Unregistered custom made top box and saddle bags - pwedeng maging sanhi ng
paghuli and penalty according to Joint Administraticr Order (Jao). 2014-01 by DOTr.

Saddle bags also has registration. Mga kailangan sundin:

RA 11235 – Motorcycle prevention act

Gives penalty for those who use motorcyle for crimes.

This is why mas malaki and matingkad na ang kulay at sulat sa mga motorcycle plates.
Should be read kahit 15 meters ang distance.
Metal plate - should be 235 mm width, and 135 mm height.
Decal plate – should be 135 mm width, and 85 mm heigt.
There’s color coding for motorcycles. For private, black and white.
Felony/ krimen RA 11235
- Grave felony
Laws that has capital punishments or penalty. afflictive

- Less grave felony

Laws are correctional

- Light felony
Gives penalty na di lalagpas sa 200 pesos

Section 11 RA 11235 -any motorcyle used for crimes need to be impound in PNP.
If MOTORCYCLE PLATE IS LOST, should be reported within 72 hours. If not, there’s
penalty and parusa if sinadya ang pagbura ng plate. If gumamit ng ninakaw na plate,
meron rin penalty.

Lesson 8: Mga Batas na kaugnay sa Pagmamaneho na may Kasamang Bata

Child – 12 yrs. Old and below

Adult – 18 yrs. Old and above
RA 10666 – prohibits riding motorcycle with a child as passenger or 18 yrs. Old
and below.
If ang paglabag na bawal ang bata ay nag-result ng kamatayan and injury, one
year imprisonment ang ipapataw sa driver.
Usually bawal ang mga bata sa harap ng car, EXCEPTION is if they are at least 150
cm/ 59 inches. 4’11 height and naka seatbelt.