Enabling Learning Objective # 2: Mission First People Always One Team

MISSION FIRST…PEOPLE ALWAYS…ONE TEAM
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE # 2
Action: Determine your role in AMV driver/operator

safety, in a classroom Environment
Condition: In a classroom setting, discuss the

Primary Causes of Accident, Procedures
in case of Accident, Precautionary
Measures, Preparation of Records and
Forms, and General Safety,
Environmental factors/Road condition.
1
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (Cont.)
Standard: Discuss IAW AR 385-55 Prevention of

Motor Vehicle Accident, TC 21-305
(Accident Avoidance), AR 385-10 and
FORSCOM Regulation 385-1
2
INTRODUCTION:
This Lesson establishes responsibilities and

procedures for carrying out the Army Safety program’s
motor accident prevention effort and reducing the risk of
death
and injury to Army personnel in privately owned
vehicle (POV) and Army motor vehicle (AMV)
accidents.
3
INTRODUCTION (Cont.)
 In every mission, there is a fight against two

enemies. One is the declared enemy – the threat to
national security. The other enemy is human error. It
watches us, and it waits. It singles out individual
soldiers, an aircraft-perhaps a tank, an artillery crew, or
an indirect ways, plays on our peace of mind, and often
attacks without warning. The process you will learn
today will help you to defeat both enemies during war
or in peace.

4
5
TRAINING
1) Accident Avoidance/Causes and Report.

2) General Safety
6
1. ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE DRIVER’S

TRAINING/CAUSES AND REPORT (IAW AR 385-55,
APPENDIX B-4 PAGE 10)
• All personnel (Active Army, US Army Reserves, Army

National Guard, and civilian) requires to drive AMV (Army
Motor Vehicles) will be given classroom instruction in
accident avoidance. This instruction will be designed to
establish and reinforce a positive attitude toward the driving
task. FL REG. 600-55 requires operators to receive the
training outlined in the TC 21-305.
7
ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE (Continued)
1. For military and civilian personnel, such education

will be given as soon as possible after entry into
government service and every 4 years thereafter as
part of the license renewal procedure. It will stress
individual responsibility and the correct response to
routine and emergency driving situations. AR 385-55
This required training must be documented on the
operator’s DA Form 348’s. AR 600-55 page 13 “348”.
8
•TC 21-305, page 2-1. Training program for Wheeled

Vehicle Accident Avoidance meets all of the above
requirements and has been implemented for use by Fort
Lewis Regulation 600-55. This course is divided into
several sub-courses starting with an introduction in Risk
Assessment; sub-courses are as follows.
9
1. Staying alert and fit to drive

2. Vehicle inspection
3. Visual search
4. Communication
5. Manage speed
6. Manage space
7. Operate Vehicle at night
8. Safety rules and procedures for driving under adverse weather
conditions.
9. Hazards
10. Driving emergencies.
11. Trailer operations.
12. Accident procedures.
13. Total recommended training is 6.5 hours.
10

PRIMARY CAUSE OF ACCIDENT:
1. Traveling at a speed too fast for conditions

2. Following too closely
3. Driving while fatigued or under influence of alcohol or
drugs
4. Wrongfully assuming the right-of-way
5. Misjudging clearances on turns, in passing, and so
forth
6. Backing without exercising caution
7. Cellular phone
11
PROCEDURES IN CASE OF ACCIDENT:
 If you are involved in a motor vehicle accident, take

certain steps to protect your own interest and that of the
government and to aid others involved in the accident.
Some steps to take follow:
1. If a fire breaks out and you cannot put it out with a fire
extinguisher or sand, send for the fire department
12

2. If any one seems injured, render first aid. Then

summon the nearest military or civilian medical
doctor or ambulance, whichever can be secured in
less time. Military personnel with only minor
injuries should be sent to a military hospital when
practical. For the Fort Lewis area, 911 can be used
to summon emergency personnel. Be aware that
some parts of the United States do not have 911
capability
13
3. If civil authorities are not present, send for them.

State laws requires that police be summoned to all
motor vehicle accidents. In such matters, the military
cooperates with civil authorities that are responsible for
investigating all accidents on public highways. Only
the police can release you from an accident scene.
14
4. Whenever practical, report the accident to your unit

by telephone as soon as you have finished your duties at
the scene of the accident. Your unit’s HQ will accept
collect charge if you must report the accident by long
distance. Do not dial 1-8---COLLECT when making a
long distance call. It would be better to go through the
Operator and explain to he/she what the circumstances
are. Remember, ALL accidents/incidents, whether in a
military vehicle or civilian vehicle must be reported to
your unit.
15
PRECAUTION AGAINST FURTHER ACCIDENT:
 After a motor vehicle accident, the vehicle or vehicles

involved are frequently in dangerous locations. Often
crowd collects in the road. To prevent additional accidents,
damage, or injury, be sure to place your warning devices
keep other traffic moving with caution, and prohibit
smoking around the scene

16
PRECAUTION AGAINST FIRE:
 Avoid fuel fires by shutting off all engines and pulling

the emergency shut-off handle, if your vehicle is equipped
with one. Prohibit smoking around a motor vehicle
accident scene. Spread dirt or sand over any spilled fuel
as soon as possible. Keep in mind that if fuel fire does
start, water cannot be used to put it out. Water will only
spread the fire. When doing a PMCS on your vehicle,
make sure you check to see if your fire extinguishers are
serviceable.
17
REMOVING VEHICLE FROM ACCIDENT SCENE:
 Moving the vehicle from the scene of the accident

must be governed by laws or regulations of the state or
areas where the accident occurred. Obtain all the
necessary data relating to the accident before moving
the vehicle. Make sure to mark the exact position of all
vehicles and objects before moving them. The state of
Washington wants you to move the vehicle off the
roadways if the vehicle is movable and posing a threat
to other traffic. This rule applies especially to
freeways.
18

QUESTION:
 Primary causes of accidents are:

a. Traveling too fast for conditions
b. Following too closely

c. Driving while fatigued

d. All of the above
19
 When involved in accident, you must
a. Call the civil police or military police. (Whichever

applies)
b. Call an ambulance or doctor, if needed

c. Assist the injured, if needed
d. All of the above

20
 Are you required to notify your company in all accidents?

a. Yes
b. No
 To prevent additional accidents, damage, or injury, you

should:
a. Place your warning devices
b. Keep other traffic moving
c. Prohibit smoking around the accident
21 d. All of the above
DD Form 518
ACCIDENT-IDENTIFICATION CARD
Any correspondence regarding accident

should be addressed to:
COMMANDER, 15th Engineer Battalion
Fort Lewis, Washington 98433. (253) 967-
MAKE REFERENCE TO
DATE OF ACCIDENT
MAKE AND TYPE OF VEHICLE
REGISTRATION NO.
DRIVER (Last name-first name-initial)
SERVICE NO./SSN GRADE
ORGANIZATION
DD FORM
1 OCT 78 518 13
22
PREPARATION OF DD FORM 518 (Accident Identification

Card): (FM 21-305)
 The purpose of DD Form 518 is to give any persons
involved in an accident all of the information that they
require from you. You fill this form out at the scene of the
accident or as promptly as possible and give it to the
person directly concerned. If the accident involves a
parked vehicle and the person concerned is not present,
place the DD Form 518 in the vehicle or secure on the
windshield. Notify local authorities and then stand by the
scene of the accident for their arrival, if practical.
23
PREPARATION OF SF 91 (Motor Vehicle Accident

Report): (FM 21-305)
 Always stop and investigate any accident in which you
are involved. The only possible exception to this rule
might be in combat or in case of military necessity when
you are operating under definite orders not to stop. Even
though an accident is minor or not your fault, you must
report it so that the facts will be clearly presented and so
that you can give the names of witnesses. This protects
both you and your government against claims and
exaggerations. For the purposes of reporting an accident,
use SF 91 (Motor Vehicle Accident Report). Let’s take a
24look how this form is filled out.
SF 91 Motor Vehicle Accident Report
25
26
27
28
SF 94
STATEMENT OF
WITNESS
29
SF 94
STATEMENT OF
WITNESS
30
Forms needed for operation:
 License (DA Form 348/348-E) on file

 `DA Form 5984-E/OF 346
 DA Form 5988-E/DA Form 2404 (Equipment
Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet)
 DA Form 5987-E (Dispatch authorization form)
or DD 1970 (Equipment Utilization record)
 DD Form 518 (Accident Identification Card) 2 ea.
 SF 91 (Operator report on Motor vehicle
accidents)
31
QUESTION:
 What two forms are you required to fill out when
involved in an AMV accident?

• DD Form 518 and SF 91
• DA Form 518 and OF 346

• DD Form 1970 and SF 91

• DA Form 2404 and DA Form 348
32
 Who gets the DD Form 518
a. Your commander
b. The Police
c. The other person(s) involved in the accident
d. Your insurance company
e. Both a & c
33
 The SF 91 consists of ____pages.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
34
 When is the SF 91 filled out?
a. Within one hour after the accident

b. At the scene of the accident
c. After returning to your unit
d. Only during major accidents
35
GENERAL SAFETY
 Most Army motor vehicle accidents are caused by

driver error. Proper selection, training and
supervision of drivers will help to prevent these
errors.
36
SAFE DRIVING OPERATION:

1. Drivers may not drive for more than 10
continuous hours, nor will the combined duty period
exceed 12 hours in any 24hour period without at least
8 consecutive hours of rest.

2. If more than 10 hours are needed to complete the
operations, a qualified assistant driver must be
assigned to each vehicle. AR 385-55

37
3. Drivers will take 15 minutes rest breaks every 2 to 3

hours of driving or every 100 to 150 miles, whichever
occurs first. During these breaks, driver will inspect
their vehicles and ensure equipment and cargoes are
secure. One-hour meal breaks must also be taken.
4. Driver will not consume intoxicating beverage during
the 8 hours prior to scheduled duty or during their
normal duty shift.
38
5. The use of headphones or earphones while

driving any motor vehicle (AMV) or Privately
Owned Vehicle (POV) is prohibited, however, this
prohibition does not negate the requirements for
wearing hearing protection where condition require
their use.
6. Drivers will not eat, drink, or smoke while the

vehicle is in motion. Smoking reduces night vision.

39
SAFETY STANDARD:
 Before vehicle dispatch, leaders and drivers will

ensure that before operation checks have been
accomplished. Vehicles with any class III leak will
be non-mission capable.
40
Classifications of Leakage
 Class I leaks are indicated by wetness or
discoloration not great enough to form drops
 Class II leaks are great enough to form drops, but

not enough to cause the drops to drip from the item
being inspected
 Class III leaks are great enough to form drops that

fall from the item being inspected.
41
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS/ROAD CONDITION:

(AR 385-55, FORSCOM Regulation 381-1)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION:
Ensure that equipments are equipped and maintained

good tires, lights, wipers, and chain s to cope with
potential adverse conditions. Ensure you know and
follow established emergency procedures. Limit your
traffic to mission-essential and know the road
conditions. They are as follows:
42

 Green: No restrictions
 Amber: Mission essential vehicles only
 Red: Emergency vehicles only
 Black: Roads are impassable
43
FIRE PREVENTION:
1. No AMV will be operated unless it is entirely free of
Class III leaks as earlier mentioned.
2. Use a proper electric lamp when inspecting equipment
during limited visibility. Do not use an open flame to
inspect.
3. All AMV must carry a type B, C, or BC fire
extinguisher. The –10 manual specifies type.
4. Know emergency procedures and telephone numbers
in case of a fire.

44
QUESTION:
 Most motor vehicle accidents are caused by:
a. Driver error
b. Mechanical error
c. Road conditions
d. All of the above
45
 Drivers will not operate military vehicles for more than_

___ hours without a qualified assistant operator.
a. 8
b. 10
c. 12
d. 14
46
 Drivers will take a 15 minute rest every:
a. -2 hours every 75-125 miles driven

b. 2-3 hours of every 100-150 miles driven
c. 3-4 hours or every 125-175 miles driven

47
 Drivers will not consume intoxication beverages during the

___ hour period to scheduled for duty or during their
normal duty shift.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
48
 What do amber road conditions indicate?
a. No restriction
b. Mission essential vehicle only
c. Emergency vehicle only
d. Roads are impassable
49
SMOKING:
1. Smoking is prohibited on vehicles or motor parking

areas except in areas specifically designated by
competent authority as smoking areas.
2. Smoking is prohibited within 50 feet of vehicles
loaded with flammable or combustible liquids with a
flash point below 200degree F., flammable gases, or
explosives. Smoking is prohibited within 50 feet of
the posted sign.
50
VEHICLE FUELING:
 Drivers will turn off engine, put transmission in

low gear, or park position if automatic, and use
parking brakes when fueling vehicles or when leaving
them unattended while being fueled. Fueling will be
discontinued when there is lightning within 5 miles.
During fueling operations, someone must be handling
fuel control nozzle at all times.

51
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND AMMUNITION
 Vehicles transporting explosives will be equipped

with 2 fire extinguishers. The type/rating will be
that of 10BC or greater.
Type A: Used on natural element fires such as
paper and wood.

Type B: Used on petroleum and oil fires.
Type C: Used on electrical fires.

52
Class A: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, cloth,and paper.
Class B: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and oil-based paint.
Class C: Energized electrical equipment-including wiring, fuse

boxes, circuit breakers, machinery, and appliances.
Class D: Combustible metals-such as magnesium or sodium.
WARNING:
It is very dangerous to use water or an extinguisher labeled only
53 for Class A fires on an oil, grease, or electrical fire.
Fire Extinguisher Training
The pass word is PASS. It is a four step method.
"P" stands for PULL the pin. This will unlock the operating handle
and allow you to discharge the extinguisher.
"A" stands for AIM at the base of the fire.
"S" stands for SQUEEZE the operating handle. This will

discharge the fire fighting agent.
"S" stands for SWEEP from side to side. Move carefully in on

the fire, aiming at the base, sweep back and forth.
66
Fire Extinguisher
PASS P ull
PASS
PASS A im
PASS
S queeze
PASS
S weep
67
ASPHYXIATION:
1. Vehicle will be periodically inspected to ensure that there
are no exhaust leaks.
2. Vehicle engines will not be ran in the garage or shop
longer than needed to move the vehicle in or out.
3. Sleeping in, on, under, or around military vehicles is
strictly prohibited. This is especially important if
sleeping inside of the vehicle with engine and heater
running.
4. While operating a vehicle with the heater running, drivers
should leave a window slightly open for fresh air
68 circulation.
USE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT:
1. All personnel operating or riding as a passenger in a

DOD motor vehicle will wear safety belts when sitting
in seats in which safety belts have been installed.
Personnel riding in, and the seats do not have a safety
belt the driver must give a safety briefing to the
soldiers/passenger. Troop carrying vehicles such as
5Ton Cargo, 2-5 Ton Cargo, and HMMWV must have
a troop strap in place if soldiers are being transported
in the rear of the vehicle.
69
Continued
2. Seat belts will be worn:

a. Because it’s the law
b. Because its save lives
c. When the vehicle is in motion
d. Because military vehicle are not equipped with roll
over protection devices. Eyes protection will be worn
by drivers while operating a vehicle without a
70
windshield in place
Continued
3. Tactical vehicle drivers will keep low beam on at all

times when on public roadways outside military
installation
4. All military motor vehicles will be operating over
public roads will be equipped with highway warning
kit, jack, jack handle, lug wrench, a first aid kit, and fire
extinguisher.
5. All tactical vehicles will be equipped with and use
chock blocks, and a drip pan when parking. Air tanks,
if applicable, must also be drained at the end of the
operation when parking at the motor park.
71
Transport of troops
IAW AR 385-55 page 4, 2-17
 Canvas tops will be in place with sides rolled down

when cargo space is used for passengers.
 All personnel are wearing protective headgear i.e.
Kevlar, CVC, etc.
 Before starting the engine, drivers transporting
troops must place the vehicle in first gear, or park
if automatic, set the handbrake then walk to the
rear of the vehicle to ensure the tailgate, safety
device or troop strap is in place and all
passengers seated.
 Have a ground guide in place while backing .
72
QUESTION:
 Smoking is prohibited within ___of flammable
materials
a. 30
b. 50
c. 75
73
 Fueling will be discontinued when there is

lightning within ____miles.
a. 5 miles
b. 6 miles
c. 7 miles
d. 8 miles

74
 Seat belts should be worn
a. At all times while the vehicle is in motion

b. Because military vehicles are not equipped
with roll-over protection devices
c. Because it saves lives
d. All of the above
75
 Tactical vehicle operators will keep low beam

headlights on while operating outside military installation
a. True
b. False
76
 When parking your military vehicle you must:
a. Drain the air tanks, if applicable

b. Chock the wheels
c. Place a drip pan
d. All of the above

77
GROUND GUIDES:
1. Hand and arm signal are the basic method used for
ground guiding. Drivers and ground guides will
coordinates signals before ground guide operations. At
no time will a ground guide run or walk backwards
while guiding a vehicle. The ground guide should
keep 10 yards between themselves and the vehicle
front or rear corners. Never stand between the vehicle
and any other object.
78
GROUND GUIDES
2. Drivers should immediately stop if sight of ground
guide is lost. If a ground guide is not available, the
driver will dismount and walk completely around the
vehicle to verify clearance. In all cases of backing, the
driver will sound the horn to warn potential passerby's.
3. Track vehicle required two ground guides, one in the

front and one in the back.
4. We encourage you all that a vehicle weighing 2.5 ton
vehicles or greater required to have aground guide.

79
STOP OR HALT
80
MOVE IN REVERSE
81
COME AHEAD
82
TURN LEFT
83
TURN RIGHT
84
TURN OFF ENGINE
85
INCREASE SPEED
86
START ENGINE
87
AS YOU
WERE
88
ASSEMBLE
89
ATTENTION
90
CLOSE UP
91
OPEN
UP
92
SLOW DOWN
93
QUESTION:
 Ground guide should never
a. Walk or run backwards

b. Get closer than 10 yards from the vehicle
c. Get between vehicle and another object
d. All of the above
94
 Prior to backing a military vehicle, you should
a. Sound the horn

b. Post a ground guide, if available
c. Observe the situation
d. All of the above
95
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION
Q: Are tire chains required?

A: If road conditions direct that all vehicles install tire chains, then yes
Q: Are studded tires, authorized?
A: Yes, from 1 November to 1 April
Q: Can we drive with parking lights only?
A: Only if directed by military authorities, State law requires that the
headlights be on Up to 30 minutes prior to sunrise and 30 minutes
after sunset.
96

SUMMARY:
 Terminal Learning Objective was Accident

Avoidance/Causes and Reports, General Safety, and the
Enabling Learning Objective was discussed Accident
Avoidance Driver Education Training, Primary Cause of
Accident, Procedures in Case of Fire, Precaution Against
Further Accident, Precaution Against Fire, Precautionary
Measures, Safe Driving Operation, Safety Standard,
Environmental Factors/Road Condition, Fire Prevention,
Smoking, Vehicle Fueling, Fire Extinguisher and
Ammunition, Asphyxiation, use of Safety Equipment,
97 and Ground Guides.
 During this class, we discussed Accident

Avoidance/ Causes and Training, and General Safety,
now you are able to performed your duties in a safely
manners.
98
Check on Learning:
Question of me / I have question for you
99
Transition to Next Lesson:
 Now that you have learned and understand required

Accident Avoidance/ Causes and Training, and General
Safety, the next lesson will be the Off-Road Operation and
Winter Driving Condition of the Wheeled vehicle
Operator. but before that take a ______break.
10

Enabling Learning Objective # 2: Mission First People Always One Team

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MISSION FIRST…PEOPLE ALWAYS…ONE TEAM

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE # 2

Action: Determine your role in AMV driver/operator

Condition: In a classroom setting, discuss the

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (Cont.)

Standard: Discuss IAW AR 385-55 Prevention of

This Lesson establishes responsibilities and

 In every mission, there is a fight against two

1) Accident Avoidance/Causes and Report.

1. ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE DRIVER’S

• All personnel (Active Army, US Army Reserves, Army

ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE (Continued)

1. For military and civilian personnel, such education

ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE (Continued)

•TC 21-305, page 2-1. Training program for Wheeled

ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE (Continued)

1. Staying alert and fit to drive

PRIMARY CAUSE OF ACCIDENT:

1. Traveling at a speed too fast for conditions

PROCEDURES IN CASE OF ACCIDENT:

 If you are involved in a motor vehicle accident, take

2. If any one seems injured, render first aid. Then

3. If civil authorities are not present, send for them.

4. Whenever practical, report the accident to your unit

PRECAUTION AGAINST FURTHER ACCIDENT:

 After a motor vehicle accident, the vehicle or vehicles

PRECAUTION AGAINST FIRE:

 Avoid fuel fires by shutting off all engines and pulling

REMOVING VEHICLE FROM ACCIDENT SCENE:

 Moving the vehicle from the scene of the accident

b. Following too closely

 When involved in accident, you must

a. Call the civil police or military police. (Whichever

 Are you required to notify your company in all accidents?

 To prevent additional accidents, damage, or injury, you

Any correspondence regarding accident

MAKE AND TYPE OF VEHICLE

DRIVER (Last name-first name-initial)

SERVICE NO./SSN GRADE

PREPARATION OF DD FORM 518 (Accident Identification

PREPARATION OF SF 91 (Motor Vehicle Accident

SF 91 Motor Vehicle Accident Report

Forms needed for operation:

 License (DA Form 348/348-E) on file

• DD Form 1970 and SF 91

 Who gets the DD Form 518

 The SF 91 consists of ____pages.

 When is the SF 91 filled out?

a. Within one hour after the accident

 Most Army motor vehicle accidents are caused by

SAFE DRIVING OPERATION:

3. Drivers will take 15 minutes rest breaks every 2 to 3

5. The use of headphones or earphones while

6. Drivers will not eat, drink, or smoke while the

 Before vehicle dispatch, leaders and drivers will

 Class II leaks are great enough to form drops, but

 Class III leaks are great enough to form drops that

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS/ROAD CONDITION:

Ensure that equipments are equipped and maintained

 Amber: Mission essential vehicles only

 Red: Emergency vehicles only

 Black: Roads are impassable

 Drivers will not operate military vehicles for more than_