THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Dear fellows today we are going to discuss human Respiratory System.

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It
includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are
also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen
throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

You can see human respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchioles, even these
bronchioles are further divided into alveoli (air sacs) through which exchange of gases
occur.
Human Respiratory Tract is divided into two parts:
 Upper Respiratory Tract
 Lower Respiratory Tract

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT:

The upper respiratory system, or upper respiratory tract, consists of the nose and
nasal cavity, the pharynx, and the larynx.

 These structures allow us to breathe and speak.

 They warm and clean the air we inhale.
 Mucous membranes lining upper respiratory structures trap some foreign
particles, including smoke and other pollutants, before the air travels down to the
lungs

Nostrils:
These are the openings to the nasal cavities that are on the face. These are the
openings to the nasal cavities that are on the face. Air enters in our respiratory tract
through these
nostrils.
Pharynx:
The pharynx, commonly called the throat, is a passageway that extends from the
base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. It serves both the respiratory
and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water
from the oral cavity.

Larynx:
What is the larynx? Your larynx is part of your respiratory system. It's a hollow
tube that lets air pass from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea on the way to your
lungs. It also contains your vocal cords and is essential to human speech, so it's often
called the voice box.

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT:

The lower respiratory system, or lower respiratory tract, consists of the trachea,
the bronchi and bronchioles, and the alveoli, which make up the lungs. These structures
pull in air from the upper respiratory system, absorb the oxygen, and release carbon
dioxide in exchange.

Trachea:
What does the trachea do? Your trachea's main function is to carry air in and out
of your lungs. Because it's a stiff, flexible tube, it provides a reliable pathway for oxygen
to enter your body.
Bronchi:
The trachea Divides into two branches these are known as Bronchi. What is your
bronchi's function? Your bronchi carry air to and from your lungs. The bronchi also help
moisturize the air you breathe and screen out foreign particles. Your airways are lined
with cells that create mucus.

Bronchioles:
Furthermore Bronchi divides into many branches these branches are given the
name of Bronchioles. At the end of the bronchi, the bronchioles carry air to small sacs in
your lungs called alveoli. The alveoli perform your body's gas exchange.

Alveoli:
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from
the air passes through the alveoli and into the blood and travels to the tissues
throughout the body.

These are the smallest units of Lungs.

Functions of Respiration:
These all are important and examiner can choose one of them for MCQs:
 Here are some of the functions of the respiratory system:

 Breathing
 Gas exchange
 Sound production
 Protection from infection
 Regulation of body temperature
 Detoxification

The respiratory system is a complex and vital system that plays a critical role in our
health and well-being.

DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

Respiratory diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.