The Respiratory System

Learning Competency

Explain how the respiratory and

circulatory systems work together
to transport nutrients, gases, and
other molecules to and from the
different parts of the body.

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 The Human Respiratory System

The human respiratory system functions as a passageway of gas into and out
of the body. It allows for the filtration, humidification, and warming of air when
the gas enters the nostrils and their passages. These roles of the respiratory system
minimize the harmful air components reaching the lungs before the gas exchange
takes place in the body.

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The Parts of Respiratory System

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 The Parts of Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity
Upper
Respiratory Pharynx
Tract Trachea
Larynx Lower
Bronchi Respiratory
(Bronchus) Tract

Lungs

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 The Upper Respiratory System
The upper respiratory tract includes the three (3) organs: Nasal Cavity,
Pharynx, and Larynx, each with a specific function.

1. Nasal Cavity
The nasal cavity, also known as the nose, is the
primary organ for the smell. It serves as the main
entrance for airflow in the body. As air passes
through the nasal cavities, it is warmed, filtered, and
humidified to get rid of foreign particles that can
irritate or harm the lungs. The nose also serves as
the exit point for carbon dioxide.

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 The Upper Respiratory System

2. Pharynx
The pharynx, also known as the
throat, serves as the pathway for air
and food. Air from the nasal cavity
enters the nasopharynx and travels
down through the oropharynx and the
laryngopharynx to enter the larynx.

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 The Upper Respiratory System

2. Larynx
The larynx, also known as the
voice box, leads air into the
appropriate channel. It
functions mainly for speech.

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 The Upper Respiratory System

2. Larynx
The epiglottis in the larynx
serves as a protective barrier
for the lungs because it
prevents food from reaching
the lower respiratory tract. If
other particles aside from air
enter the trachea, the
coughing reflex is triggered
to remove the substance.

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 The Lower Respiratory System
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea and the lungs, which is
composed of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
1. Trachea
The trachea, also known as the windpipe, These ring-shaped
adjoins the esophagus, enabling it to extend or some is c-shaped
anteriorly when we swallow. The trachea plays are called cartilage.
an important role in permitting food passage to It holds the trachea
and helps it not to
the esophagus, the trachea also consists of
collapse.
ciliated mucosa, which transports mucus that
has been contaminated with foreign particles,
away from the lungs toward the throat, where it
can be swallowed or ejected through spitting.
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 The Lower Respiratory System

2. Bronchi
The bronchi (plural of bronchus) serve as the
main passageways of air into the lungs. The
left and right bronchi are formed by the
division of the trachea. The left bronchus is
narrower, longer, and less straight than the
right; thus, any foreign particle tends to be
directed to the right main bronchus. Upon
entering the main bronchi, the air is already
moist, warm, and devoid of almost all foreign
particles

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 The Lower Respiratory System

2. Bronchi
The bronchioles, which are the
tiny branches of the main
bronchi, lead to tiny air sacs
known as alveoli, where gas
exchange occurs. Each air sac is
surrounded by a network of
capillaries that disposes carbon
dioxide and picks up a fresh
load of oxygen for distribution
throughout the body.
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Bronchioles, Alveoli, Capillaries

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 The Lower Respiratory System

2. Bronchi Right Lung Left Lung

The lungs are the main organs of the
respiratory system and are located in the
thoracic cavity or chest. It is labeled as the
left lung and the right lung, each is
divided into sections called lobes. The left
lung consists of two lobes (upper and
lower), while the right lung is made up of
three lobes (upper, middle, and lower).
The lungs are referred to as respiratory
zones and include the bronchioles, alveoli
(plural form of alveolus), and capillaries.
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Answer
ACTIVITY 2
Check Your Understanding

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Processes in the Respiratory System

There are three processes in the respiratory system:

(1) Pulmonary ventilation
(2) External respiration
(3) Internal respiration.

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 Pulmonary Ventilation

It is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs. This is also known as breathing.
v Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When you inhale you breathe in air, including oxygen,
into your lungs. When you breathe in:
ü Your diaphragm moves down.
ü Your lungs will expand.
ü The alveoli in your lungs will inflate.

v Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you exhale you breathe out the contents of our
lungs and getting rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide. When you breathe out:
ü Your diaphragm moves up.
ü Your lungs will contract.
ü The alveoli in your lungs will deflate.

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Pulmonary Ventilation

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 External Respiration

It is the process by which carbon dioxide from the cells is

expelled from the lungs as the blood in the lungs picks up a
fresh load of oxygen. In this process, the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide takes place between the air and the blood
within the lungs.

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 Internal Respiration

It is the exchange of gases that occurs between the blood and

the blood cells. It is the movement of oxygen from the blood to
the tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the
blood.

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Answer all the remaining activities.

Deadline:
September 11, 4 PM