Prepared by:

Coreen
Esplanada

RESPIRATORY Yohbel M.
Bautista

SYSTEM Kenny Peter

Yao

Justine Carlo
Talbo

Stem 12-D
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The human respiratory system is

a series of organs responsible
for taking in oxygen and
expelling carbon dioxide
FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

① Pulmonary Ventilation
② External Ventilation
③ Internal Respiration
④ Phonation
⑤ Olfaction
 PULMONARY VENTILATION

 Also called BREATHING

 Inhalation & Exhalation
 During inhalation,
diaphragm and external
intercostal muscles contract
and the ribcage elevates. As
the volume of the lungs
increases, air pressure drops
and air rushes in.
 During exhalation, the
muscles relax. The lungs
become smaller, the air
pressure rises, and air is
expelled.
 EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

 Is the exchange of gases

between the lungs and the
bloodstream which takes
place in the alveoli.
 Oxygen from inhaled air
dif fuses from the alveoli into
pulmonary capillaries
surrounding them. It binds to
hemoglobin molecules in red
blood cells, and is pumped
through the bloodstream.
Meanwhile, carbon dioxide
from deoxygenated blood
dif fuses from the capillaries
into the alveoli, and is
expelled through exhalation.
 INTERNAL RESPIRATION

Is referred to as the video

exchange of gases
between the
bloodstream and
body tissues
The bloodstream
delivers oxygen to
cells and removes
waste carbon dioxide
through internal
respiration.
 PHONATION

 Phonation is the creation of video

sound by structures in the
upper respiratory tract of the
respiratory system.
 During exhalation, air passes
from the lungs through the
larynx, or “voice box.” When we
speak, muscles in the larynx
move the arytenoid cartilages.
 The arytenoid cartilages push
the vocal cords together. When
the cords are pushed together,
air passing between them
makes them vibrate, creating
sound.
 OLFACTION

Also called video

SMELLING
Begins with
olfactory fibers
that line the nasal
cavities inside the
nose.
ANATOMY OF THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
 ANATOMY OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Upper respiratory tract

Lower Respiratory Tract
UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT
 UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Nose or
nostrils
Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
 NOSE

The nose is a
structure of the face
made of cartilage,
bone, muscle, and
skin that supports
and protects the
anterior portion of
the nasal cavity.
 where air first
enters
 NASAL CAVIT Y

 The nasal cavity is a hollow space

within the nose and skull that is
lined with hairs and mucus
membrane.
 The function of the nasal cavity is
to warm, moisturize, and filter air
entering the body before it reaches
the lungs. Hairs and mucus lining
the nasal cavity help to trap dust,
mold, pollen and other
environmental contaminants before
they can reach the inner portions of
the body.
 Air exiting the body through the
nose returns moisture and heat to
the nasal cavity before being
exhaled into the environment.
 MOUTH
 also known as the oral cavity
 Most normal breathing takes place through
the nasal cavity, but the oral cavity can be
used to supplement or replace the nasal
cavity’s functions when needed .
 But the mouth does not warm and
moisturize the air entering the lungs and it
also lacks the hairs and sticky mucus that
filter air passing through the nasal cavity.
 The one advantage of breathing through
the mouth is that its shor ter distance and
larger diameter allows more air to quickly
enter the body.
 PHARYNX

Is also known as the

throat, is a muscular
funnel that extends
from the posterior
end of the nasal
cavity to the superior
end of
the esophagus and
larynx.
The pharynx is
divided into 3
regions: the
nasopharynx,
oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx.
 PHARYNX

• The nasopharynx is the superior

region of the pharynx found in the
posterior of the nasal cavity.
• Inhaled air from the nasal cavity
passes into the nasopharynx and
descends through the oropharynx,
located in the posterior of the oral
cavity.
• Air inhaled through the oral cavity
enters the pharynx at the oropharynx
.
• The inhaled air then descends into
the laryngopharynx, where it is
diverted into the opening of the
larynx by the epiglottis.
 The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage that acts as
a switch between the trachea and the esophagus .
 Because the pharynx is also used to swallow food, the
epiglottis ensures that air passes into the trachea by
covering the opening to the esophagus. During the
process of swallowing, the epiglottis moves to cover the
trachea to ensure that food enters the esophagus and
to prevent choking.
 LARYNX

also known as the

voice box and is a short
section of the airway
that connects the
laryngopharynx and the
trachea
the larynx contains
special structures
known as vocal folds,
which allow the body to
produce the sounds of
speech and singing
LOWER RESPIRATORY
TRACT
 LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Trachea
Lungs
• Bronchi
• Bronchiole
• Alveoli
Diaphragm
 TRACHEA

Windpipe
a 5-inch long tube
made of C-shaped
hyaline cartilage rings
filters the air that is
inhaled
A tube that connects
the larynx to the
bronchi
provide a clear airway
for the transport of air
in and out of the lungs
 LUNGS

a pair of large,
spongy organs
supply oxygen to be
distributed to tissues
all over the body and
expel carbon dioxide
that has been created
throughout the body.
 LUNGS
Each lung is divided
into lobes.
The left lung is only
divided by into two lobes
(superior & inferior)
allowing room to
accommodate the heart. It
is longer and lighter than
the right lung.
The right lung is divided by
oblique and horizontal
fissures into three lobes;
superior, middle, and
inferior. It is shorter and
heavier than the left lung
 LUNGS

Bronchi-One leads to
the left lung, the other
to the right lung. Inside
the lungs each of the
bronchi divides into
smaller bronchi.

Bronchioles-end in the
pulmonary alveolus.
 LUNGS

Alveoli-tiny sacs
(air sacs)
delineated by a
single-layer
membrane with
blood capillaries
at the other end.
 DIAPHRAGM

 The primary muscle

used in the process of
inspiration or inhalation
and expiration or
exhalation
 PROCESS OF
INSPIRATION AND
EXPIRATION
 video
FROG