Table of Content

Acknowledgment......................................................................................................................V
Introduction........................................................................................................................... VII
Translation procedures, strategies and methods.......................................................................1
Technical procedures................................................................................................................1
Organizational Procedure.........................................................................................................1
Literal translation..................................................................................................................... 3
Faithful translation................................................................................................................... 3
Semantic translation................................................................................................................. 3
Adaptation................................................................................................................................ 3
Free translation.........................................................................................................................3
Idiomatic translation.................................................................................................................3
Communicative translation.......................................................................................................3
Procedures of translating culture specific concepts (CSCs)......................................................4
Functional Equivalence............................................................................................................ 4
Transcription or borrowing................................................................................................................4
Descriptive or self- explanatory translation..............................................................................5
The following are the different translation procedures that Newmark proposes:......................5
Strategies of translating allusions.............................................................................................6
Translation Strategies...............................................................................................................8
Translation method.............................................................................................................................8
Short and simple definition from point of view Hatim and Munday............................................9
Translation Strategies in many terms.......................................................................................9
Literal translation..............................................................................................................................10
Idiomatic translation...............................................................................................................10
Translation Procedures.....................................................................................................................10
Borrowing.............................................................................................................................. 11
Calque.................................................................................................................................... 11
Transposition..........................................................................................................................11
Modulation............................................................................................................................. 11
Equivalence............................................................................................................................ 12
Adaptation..........................................................................................................................................12
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Translation Techniques of adjustment....................................................................................12
Additions................................................................................................................................ 12
Subtractions............................................................................................................................13
Alterations..........................................................................................................................................13
The essential differences........................................................................................................ 14
The explicative paraphrase..............................................................................................................16
The concept of redundancy.................................................................................................... 16
The concept of naturalization.................................................................................................16
The other categories Delisle introduces are:..........................................................................16
Critical review of translation techniques........................................................................................17
Terminological confusion and over lapping terms.................................................................17
The confusion between translation process and translation result..........................................17
The confusion between issues related to language pairs and text pairs...................................18
A definition of translation techniques.............................................................................................18
Translation method and translation techniques.......................................................................18
Conscious and unconscious method in Translation......................................................................20
A dynamic and functional approach to translation techniques....................................................20
A proposal to classify translation techniques................................................................................21
Nonliterary text in modern translation....................................................................................21
The Applicability of Existing Solutions in Non-Literary Translation.....................................22
Non-literary translation.......................................................................................................... 22
Formal criteria........................................................................................................................22
The terminology................................................................................................................................22
The way a certain non-literary text.........................................................................................23
Methods of Translation.......................................................................................................... 23
Literal or Highly Literal...................................................................................................................23
Formal Equivalence, Form Oriented or Modified Literal............................................................23
Functional Equivalence, Context Oriented, Idiomatic and Dynamic Equivalence...................24
Paraphrase or Unduly Free.....................................................................................................25
Some Examples of Various Methods of Translation....................................................................25
The Living Bible.................................................................................................................... 26

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Examples of the Dynamic Equivalence Method.....................................................................26
Examples of the Formal Equivalence Method........................................................................27
Principles of Translation........................................................................................................ 28

The Translator's Concept of Inspiration.................................................................................28

Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................29
Reference............................................................................................................................... 30

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 Acknowledgment
I want to thank and glad from Allah who is humble and Rahmanur-Rhahim and paved
the way and the opportunities for me to write this monograph as a final book to the college. It
is the best moment to make it clear my affectionate to the below members. They assisted and
helped me for completing this monograph. One of these persons is my supervisor Assistant
professor Zia ur Rahman Zaheer I humbly thank from him for assistance and cooperation
with basic ideas and advices, encouraging me. This is my monograph target language. Which
is called (Translation procedures, methods and techniques). He also warranted me the best.
One special thank from Baz Ali Hussaini who is prominent and believable person that
gave me some best data for making and completing my monograph. Finally, I’m so gratitude
from his hard working and serving his golden time for giving me the strong feedbacks. I want
to thank my respectful and precious family especially my honorable and beloved mother who
gave her full supports and efforts to enhance my knowledge and complete the four years of
undergraduate period and as well my beloved teacher and holy father for his encouraging and
supporting throughout the period of university.
Thanks
Payman Misbah

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