Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Department of Physics
End-Sem. Exam: Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (PH307)
Btech. Engineering Physics (July-Nov., 2022)
Maximum Credits: 50 Saturday, 26th of November, 2022 (14:00Hrs-17:00Hrs 1ST)

• Answer all questions.

• calculator is allowed.
• Unless stated otherwise please treat the usual meaning of all the
notations.

1. Assume that the H2 molecule behaves like a harmonic oscillator with a force constant k =
573N/m. Calculate the vibrational quantum number corresponding to its dissociation energy
19
given as 4.70eV. Note the mass of the hydrogen atom is mH = l.67x 10-21 kg, l eV = l.6x 10- J
and h = 6.63 x 10-34 J-Sec. [5]

2. Write down the normal ground state electronic configuration of carbon atom (Z = 6) and
obtain the atomic term arising from the equivalent electrons. Now write down the spectral
terms arising from the first excited state of carbon atom. Show the possible electronic dipole
spectral transition lines between the ground state and first excited state. [8]
2-

3. The spacing of the series of lines of the microwave (rotational) spectrum of a diatomic molecule
is constant at 12.604cm-1 .

✓calculate the internuclear separation of the molecule.

~alculate the rotation energy and rotational frequency of the molecule corresponding to
molecular rotation state quantum number as K = 15. Consider the reduced mass of the
molecule µ = 0.9718amu) [2+4]

4. Consider the 2 D levels of sodium. Considering the fine structure splitting with the help of
diagram show the splitting of the level when (i)a weak magnetic field, (ii) a strong magnetic
field is applied. [4+4]

/ a rough sketch of the ls, 2s and 2p molecular orbitals of H, molecule. Write down the
~::~~d state electronic configuration for the molecules H e2, Li2, C2 and Nz. [2+2]

6. The spin-orbit interaction in an atom is given by H = aL · S, where, L and S denote the orbital
and spin angular momenta, respectively, of the electron. Compute the splitting between the
levels 2P3;2 and 2P1;2- [4]
 2

7. Consider a two level atom interacting with an oscillating magnetic field. Using the time de-
pendent Schrodinger equation and the rotating wave approximation, we obtain the following
differential equations describing the amplitudes of the lower and upper states, c1 and c2 in terms
of the Rabi frequency (D) and the detuning (~ = w - w0 ) :
d,C-1

idll..= n eiotc2
dt 2
J._c...1,..

/Ql- = D [i6tC1
dt 2
Note that Wo and w are the frequency of corresponding to the energy level separation and
frequency of the applied field respectively. [6+2+2]
(a) Find solutions for c1(t) and c2(t) for the case where the oscillating field is on resonance and
where the initial conditions are c1 (0) = 1, c2 (0) = 0.
(b) A 7!'-pulse is on-resonance pulse of the duration T = 7l'/n. If the atom is initially in state
jl > and a 7!'-pulse is applied, what is its final state?

(c) A 7r/2-pulse is on-resonance pulse of the duration T = 7r/(2D). If an atom is initially in

state I1 > and a 7l' /2- pulse is applied, what is the final state?

8. In HCl a number of absorption lines with wave numbers (in cm- 1 ) 83.03, 103.73, 124.30, 145.03,
165.51, and 185.86 have been observed. Are these vibrational or rotational transitions? If the
former, what is the characteristic frequency? If the latter, what is value of K value do they
correspond to? [5]