Last Exam PP2 [143 marks]

1a. [3 marks]
7
A six-sided biased die is weighted in such a way that the probability of obtaining a “six” is 10.

The die is tossed five times. Find the probability of obtaining at most three “sixes”.

1b. [3 marks]
The die is tossed five times. Find the probability of obtaining the third “six” on the fifth toss.

2a. [2 marks]
The following table below shows the marks scored by seven students on two
different mathematics tests.

Let L1 be the regression line of x on y. The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form
x = ay + b.
Find the value of a and the value of b.
2b. [3 marks]
Let L2 be the regression line of y on x. The lines L1 and L2 pass through the same point with
coordinates (p , q).
Find the value of p and the value of q.

3a. [3 marks]
The displacement, in centimetres, of a particle from an origin, O, at time t seconds, is
given by s(t) = t 2 cos t + 2t sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5.
Find the maximum distance of the particle from O.

3b. [4 marks]
Find the acceleration of the particle at the instant it first changes direction.
4a. [2 marks]
The length, X mm, of a certain species of seashell is normally distributed with mean 25
and variance, 𝜎 2 .
The probability that X is less than 24.15 is 0.1446.
Find P(24.15 < X < 25).

4b. [3 marks]
Find 𝜎, the standard deviation of X.

4c. [2 marks]
Hence, find the probability that a seashell selected at random has a length greater than
26 mm.

4d. [3 marks]
A random sample of 10 seashells is collected on a beach. Let Y represent the number
of seashells with lengths greater than 26 mm.
Find E(Y).
4e. [2 marks]
Find the probability that exactly three of these seashells have a length greater than 26 mm.

4f. [3 marks]
A seashell selected at random has a length less than 26 mm.
Find the probability that its length is between 24.15 mm and 25 mm.

5a. [2 marks]
The following table shows the systolic blood pressures, 𝑝 mmHg, and the ages, 𝑡 years, of 6
male patients at a medical clinic.

Determine the value of Pearson’s product‐moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟, for these data.

5b. [1 mark]
Interpret, in context, the value of 𝑟 found in part (a) (i).
5c. [2 marks]
The relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑝 can be modelled by the regression line of 𝑝 on 𝑡
with equation 𝑝 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑏 .
Find the equation of the regression line of 𝑝 on 𝑡.

5d. [2 marks]
A 50‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his appointment.
Use the regression equation from part (b) to predict this patient’s systolic blood pressure.

5e. [1 mark]
A 16‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his appointment.
Explain why the regression equation from part (b) should not be used to predict
this patient’s systolic blood pressure.
6a. [4 marks]
The time, 𝑇 minutes, taken to complete a jigsaw puzzle can be modelled by a
normal distribution with mean 𝜇 and standard deviation 8.6.
It is found that 30% of times taken to complete the jigsaw puzzle are longer
than 36.8 minutes.
By stating and solving an appropriate equation, show, correct to two decimal places, that
𝜇 = 32.29.

6b. [2 marks]
Use 𝜇 = 32.29 in the remainder of the question.
Find the 86th percentile time to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

6c. [2 marks]
Find the probability that a randomly chosen person will take more than 30 minutes
to complete the jigsaw puzzle.
6d. [3 marks]
Six randomly chosen people complete the jigsaw puzzle.
Find the probability that at least five of them will take more than 30 minutes to complete
the jigsaw puzzle.

6e. [4 marks]
Having spent 25 minutes attempting the jigsaw puzzle, a randomly chosen person had
not yet completed the puzzle.
Find the probability that this person will take more than 30 minutes to complete the jigsaw
puzzle.

7a. [1 mark]
The principal of a high school is concerned about the effect social media use might be
having on the self-esteem of her students. She decides to survey a random sample of 9
students to gather some data. She wants the number of students in each grade in the sample
to be, as far as possible, in the same proportion as the number of students in each grade in
the school.
State the name for this type of sampling technique.
7b. [3 marks]
The number of students in each grade in the school is shown in table.

Show that 3 students will be selected from grade 12.

7c. [2 marks]
Calculate the number of students in each grade in the sample.

7d. [1 mark]
In order to select the 3 students from grade 12, the principal lists their names in
alphabetical order and selects the 28th, 56th and 84th student on the list.
State the name for this type of sampling technique.
7e. [2 marks]
Once the principal has obtained the names of the 9 students in the random sample, she
surveys each student to find out how long they used social media the previous day and
measures their self-esteem using the Rosenberg scale. The Rosenberg scale is a number
between 10 and 40, where a high number represents high self-esteem.

Calculate Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟.

7f. [1 mark]
Interpret the meaning of the value of 𝑟 in the context of the principal’s concerns.

7g. [1 mark]
Explain why the value of 𝑟 makes it appropriate to find the equation of a regression line.

7h. [4 marks]
Another student at the school, Jasmine, has a self-esteem value of 29.
By finding the equation of an appropriate regression line, estimate the time Jasmine spent
on social media the previous day.
8a. [2 marks]
SpeedWay airline flies from city A to city B. The flight time is normally distributed with a
mean of 260 minutes and a standard deviation of 15 minutes.
A flight is considered late if it takes longer than 275 minutes.
Calculate the probability a flight is not late.

8b. [3 marks]
The flight is considered to be on time if it takes between 𝑚 and 275 minutes. The
probability that a flight is on time is 0.830.
Find the value of 𝑚.

8c. [3 marks]
During a week, SpeedWay has 12 flights from city A to city B. The time taken for any flight is
independent of the time taken by any other flight.
Calculate the probability that at least 7 of these flights are on time.
8d. [4 marks]
Given that at least 7 of these flights are on time, find the probability that exactly 10 flights
are on time.

8e. [3 marks]
SpeedWay increases the number of flights from city A to city B to 20 flights each week, and
improves their efficiency so that more flights are on time. The probability that at least 19
flights are on time is 0.788.
A flight is chosen at random. Calculate the probability that it is on time.

9a. [2 marks]
Ten students were asked for the distance, in km, from their home to school. Their responses
are recorded below.
0.3 0.4 3 3 3.5 5 7 8 8 10
For these data, find the mean distance from a student’s home to school.
9b. [1 mark]
The following box-and-whisker plot represents this data.

Find the value of 𝑝.

9c. [2 marks]
Find the interquartile range.

10. [2 marks]
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 e3𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
The graph of 𝑓 has a horizontal tangent line at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 𝑎. Find 𝑎.
11a. [3 marks]
Let 𝑓 ″ (𝑥) = (cos 2𝑥)(sin 6𝑥), for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
Sketch the graph of 𝑓 ″ on the grid below:

11b. [3 marks]
Find the 𝑥-coordinates of the points of inflexion of the graph of 𝑓.

11c. [2 marks]
Hence find the values of 𝑥 for which the graph of 𝑓 is concave-down.
12a. [3 marks]
A jigsaw puzzle consists of many differently shaped pieces that fit together to form a
picture.

Jill is doing a 1000-piece jigsaw puzzle. She started by sorting the edge pieces from the
interior pieces. Six times she stopped and counted how many of each type she had found.
The following table indicates this information.

Jill models the relationship between these variables using the regression equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +
𝑏.
Write down the value of 𝑎 and of 𝑏.

12b. [3 marks]
Use the model to predict how many edge pieces she had found when she had sorted a total
of 750 pieces.
13a. [2 marks]
The population of fish in a lake is modelled by the function
1000
𝑓(𝑡) = 1+24e−0.2𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 30 , where 𝑡 is measured in months.

Find the population of fish at 𝑡 = 10.

13b. [2 marks]
Find the rate at which the population of fish is increasing at 𝑡 = 10.

13c. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑡 for which the population of fish is increasing most rapidly.
14a. [2 marks]
In this question distance is in centimetres and time is in seconds.
Particle A is moving along a straight line such that its displacement from a point P, after 𝑡
seconds, is given by 𝑠A = 15 − 𝑡 − 6𝑡 3 e−0.8𝑡 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 25. This is shown in the following
diagram.

Find the initial displacement of particle A from point P.

14b. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑡 when particle A first reaches point P.
14c. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑡 when particle A first changes direction.

14d. [3 marks]
Find the total distance travelled by particle A in the first 3 seconds.

14e. [5 marks]
Another particle, B, moves along the same line, starting at the same time as particle A. The
velocity of particle B is given by 𝑣B = 8 − 2𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 25.
Given that particles A and B start at the same point, find the displacement function 𝑠B for
particle B.

14f. [2 marks]
Find the other value of 𝑡 when particles A and B meet.
15a. [2 marks]
At Penna Airport the probability, P(A), that all passengers arrive on time for a flight is 0.70.
The probability, P(D), that a flight departs on time is 0.85. The probability that all
passengers arrive on time for a flight and it departs on time is 0.65.
Show that event A and event D are not independent.

15b. [2 marks]
Find P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐷′ ).

15c. [3 marks]
Given that all passengers for a flight arrive on time, find the probability that the flight
does not depart on time.

15d. [3 marks]
The number of hours that pilots fly per week is normally distributed with a mean of 25
hours and a standard deviation 𝜎. 90 % of pilots fly less than 28 hours in a week.
Find the value of 𝜎.
15e. [4 marks]
All flights have two pilots. Find the percentage of flights where both pilots flew more than
30 hours last week.

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