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Worksheet 13-14: Circles

Dear learner,

Elementary analysis is a preparatory subject for your pursuit of higher

mathematical field of specialization in your senior high school years. This subject will
be of help to you once you take the Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) strand.

Elementary analysis focuses on the basic and introductory concepts of calculus.

You will take on the modules that will focus on the pre-calculus part of the senior high
school STEM. This is not a total replica of what you will take on a pre-calculus subject
but it will help you in pursuing that field.

In this module, you will answer all the activities presented in the module with a
piece of paper that will serve as your answer sheet. Feel free to use any kind of paper
as long as it does not hinder someone from reading your work and checking for
corrections on your answer. Make sure to put label and numbers on the activities you
solved and answered. If a single piece of paper is not enough then feel free to add
more to your convenience. All answer sheets will be submitted together with this
module on the following schedule of submission and procurement of modules.

After learning this module, you are expected to acquire knowledge and skills in
solving the mathematical concepts in analytic geometry.
Specifically, you will be able to:
• Determine the standard form or the center-radius form of a circle
• Determine the general form of the equation of a circle

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 We have come to learn about points and lines, now we will present the concept
of circle and how we conceptualize circles in analytic geometry. There are ideas we
need to review from the past topic of circles on our previous mathematics subject.

Activity 1: You Remember

Fill in the blank the missing word/s that will complete the idea of the statement:
1. A ______________ is a set of points that are equidistant to a fixed point.
2. The distance between the fixed point of a circle and any point on the circle is
called ____________.
3. The _____________ is the fixed point of a circle of which it is equidistant on any
point of a circle.
4. A line segment that passes through the fixed point of a circle and whose
endpoints are on the circle is called ______________.
5. A line segment whose endpoints are on the circle is called _______________.
6. A line that passes through the circle is called _________________.
7. A line that pass through the circle at exactly a single point is called
______________.
8. The point of intersection of a line that pass through the circle at exactly a single
point is called _________________.

Instruction: All activity that requires you to solve will be written on a piece of paper
with your complete solution to the problem. Likewise, it will be your answer sheet to
the activities presented in the module.

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Lesson 13: Standard Form or Center-Radius Form of a Circle
Now we will present the standard form or also known as the center-radius form of
a cirlce. This equation is used for determining the general form of a circle as well as
getting the center and the radius of a circle. That is,

Standard Form: (Center-Radius)

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Where, 𝑟 is the radius of the circle and the center is the coordinate (ℎ, 𝑘). If the center
of the circle is at the origin, meaning (0,0), we have the standard form as,

Standard Form: (Center Radius) if the center is at the origin (𝟎, 𝟎).
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Take note when to use the first equation and the second. The first is used when the
center is not at the origin otherwise we used the second.

Activity 2: Determine the Center and Radius!

Determine the center and radius of the given graphs of circles.
1.
Circle Equation

(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 16

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟(____, ___) , 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = ____

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2.

Circle Equation

(𝑥 − 2)2 + 𝑦 2 = 9

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟(____, ___) , 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = ____

3.

Circle Equation

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟(____, ___) , 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = ____

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 Now let us present how can we determine the equation of a circle in standard
form or also known as the center-radius form given its geometric conditions.
Example 1:
Determine the equation of the circle in standard form if its center is at (3, −5) and the
radius is 6.
Since the center is not on the origin, we use the center-radius form:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Then we set the following:
Center (3, −5) = (ℎ, 𝑘) thus, ℎ = 3 and 𝑘 = −5
Radius 𝑟 = 6
Let us substitute the values of ℎ, 𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 on the equation
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − (−5))2 = (6)2
Next, we apply the rules of subtraction of integers on 𝑦 − (−5) = 𝑦 + 5 and solve
(6)2 = 36. Now the equation will be,
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 36
Therefore, the standard form of the equation of the circle is (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 36.

Example 2:
Determine the equation of the circle in standard form if its center is at origin and whose
diameter is 10.
Since the center is at the origin, we use the center-radius form:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Then we need only the radius to solve the equation of the circle, but from the given we
have the diameter is 10 as stated above. Thus we need to solve the radius from the
given diameter and we know that the diameter is twice the radius or that the radius is
half of the diameter. Then,

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Radius 𝑟 = 2 (𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟) then, 𝑟 = 2 (10) = 5

Radius 𝑟 = 5

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Let us substitute the value of 𝑟 on the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (5)2
Next, we solve (5)2 = 25. Now the equation will be,
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
Therefore, the standard form of the equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25.

Example 3:
Determine the equation of the circle in standard form if its center is at (−4,0) and
whose diameter is 6√6.
Since the center is not on the origin, we use the center-radius form:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Then we set the following:
Center (−4,0) = (ℎ, 𝑘) thus, ℎ = −4 and 𝑘 = 0
From the given we have the diameter is 6√6 as stated above. Thus we need to solve
the radius from the given diameter and we know that the diameter is twice the radius or
that the radius is half of the diameter. Then,
1 1
Radius 𝑟 = 2 (𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟) then, 𝑟 = 2 (6√6) = 3√6

Radius 𝑟 = 3√6
Let us substitute the values of ℎ, 𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 on the equation
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥 − (−4))2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = (3√6)2
Next, we apply the rules of subtraction of integers on 𝑥 − (−4) = 𝑥 + 4
and solve (3√6)2 = (3)2 (√6)2
(3√6)2 = (9)(6) = 54
Now the equation will be,
(𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝑦 2 = 54
Therefore, the standard form of the equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝑦 2 = 54.

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Activity 3: Get the Equation!
1. Determine the equation of the circle in standard form if its center is the origin and
radius is 6√5.
2. Determine the equation of the circle in standard form if its center is at (0, −3) and
whose diameter is 8√3.

Lesson 14: The General Form of a Circle

Next to our lesson will be on the general form of the equation of a circle. That is,
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷 = 0
Take note the coefficient of 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 2 are always the same and could not be zero.

Activity 4: Identify the Equation!

Identify the given equation if it is in General Form or Standard Form. Write General
Form or Standard Form as your answer to each item.
1. Given: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 15 = 0
2. Given: (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑦 2 = 7
3. Given: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4 = 0
4. Given: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = 0
5. Given: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10

Now let us consider how to determine the general form of the equation of a
circle. We will present situations that takes the standard form as a given and also if the
center and radius are given.

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Example 1:
Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its equation is (𝑥 − 3)2 +
(𝑦 + 5)2 = 36.
To start let us solve the square of the binomial on the equation. Recall the square of a
binomial,
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Another way to put it is by this phrase
“Square the 1st + Multiply the product of 1st and 2nd by 2 + Square the 2nd”
Solving the square of the two binomials
(𝑥 − 3)2 = (𝑥)2 + 2(𝑥)(−3) + (−3)2 (𝑦 + 5)2 = (𝑦)2 + 2(𝑦)(5) + (5)2
= 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25
Now from the given,
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 36
Let us replace the result of the square of the binomials,
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 = 36
Let us solve the terms that can be combine and arrange the whole equation into the
general form
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 9 + 25 = 36
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 34 − 36 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 2 = 0
Therefore, the general form of the equation of the line is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 2 = 0

Example 2:
Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its center is at (−3, −7) and
whose diameter is 10√2.
We are given the center and the diameter of the circle so we will start by
getting the equation in standard form. Since the center is not on the origin, we use the
center-radius form:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Then we set the following:
Center (−3, −7) = (ℎ, 𝑘) thus, ℎ = −3 and 𝑘 = −7

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From the given we have the diameter is 10√2 as stated above. Thus we need to solve
the radius from the given diameter and we know that the diameter is twice the radius or
that the radius is half of the diameter. Then,
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Radius 𝑟 = 2 (𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟) then, 𝑟 = 2 (10√2) = 5√2

Radius 𝑟 = 5√2
Let us substitute the values of ℎ, 𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 on the equation
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥 − (−3))2 + (𝑦 − (−7))2 = (5√2)2
Next, we apply the rules of subtraction of integers on
𝑥 − (−3) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦 − (−7) = 𝑦 + 7
and solve (5√2)2 = (5)2 (√2)2
(5√2)2 = (25)(2) = 50
Now the equation will be,
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 50
Thus, the standard form of the equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 50.
Solving for the general form, we solve the square of the two binomial equations. Recall
the square of a binomial,
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Another way to put it is by this phrase
“Square the 1st + Multiply the product of 1st and 2nd by 2 + Square the 2nd”
Solving the square of the two binomials
(𝑥 + 3)2 = (𝑥)2 + 2(𝑥)(3) + (3)2 (𝑦 + 7)2 = (𝑦)2 + 2(𝑦)(7) + (7)2
= 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 𝑦 2 + 14𝑦 + 49
Now from the standard form of the circle,
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 50
Let us replace the result of the square of the binomials,
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 + 14𝑦 + 49 = 50
Let us solve the terms that can be combine and arrange the whole equation into the
general form
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 9 + 49 = 50
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 58 − 50 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 8 = 0

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Therefore, the general form of the equation of the line is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 8 = 0.

Activity 5: Let’s Get the General!

1. Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its center is at (1,5) and
whose radius is 6√3.
2. Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its center is at the origin
and whose diameter is 2√10.
3. Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its equation is
(𝑥 + 7)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 11.

Fill in the blank the missing word/s that will complete the idea of the statement:
1. The _________________ is also the other term for the standard equation of a
circle.
2. We use the standard equation, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2, if the center is at ______________.
3. We use the standard equation, (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 , if the center is at
______________.
4. Determine the missing coefficient or term to make the equation a circle:
a. _____𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 10 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 + ______ + 8𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 8 = 0

Instruction: Write your answer on a whole piece of paper, choose the correct answer
among the given choices.
1. A ______________ is a set of points that are equidistant to a fixed point.
a. Line c. Slope
b. Circle d. Parallel Lines
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 2. The distance between the fixed point of a circle and any point on the circle is
called ____________.
a. Circle c. Radius
b. Diameter d. Center
3. A line segment that passes through the fixed point of a circle and whose
endpoints are on the circle is called ______________.
a. Perpendicular Lines c. Diameter
b. Parallel Lines d. Radius
4. A line that pass through the circle at exactly a single point is called
______________.
a. Tangent Line c. Chord
b. Secant Line d. Diameter
For items 5-7: Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its center is at
(4, −3) and whose diameter is 8√2.
5. Determine the radius of the circle from given statement above.
a. 𝑟 = 4√2 b. 𝑟 = 8√2 c. 𝑟 = 2√2 d. 𝑟 = 6√2
6. Determine the standard form of the equation of the circle from the given
statement.
a. (𝑥 − 4)2 − (𝑦 + 3)2 = 32 c. (𝑥 + 4)2 − (𝑦 − 3)2 = 128
b. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 128 d. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 32
7. Determine the general form of the equation of the circle from the given
statement.
a. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 7 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 103 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 7 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 103 = 0
For items 8-9: Determine the equation of the circle in general form if its center is at
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(−2,5) and whose radius is 2.

8. Determine the standard form of the equation of the circle from the given
statement.
25 5
a. (𝑥 + 2)2 − (𝑦 − 5)2 = c. (𝑥 − 2)2 − (𝑦 + 5)2 = 2
4
5 25
b. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 2 d. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4

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9. Determine the general form of the equation of the circle from the given
statement.
a. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 16𝑥 − 40𝑦 + 91 = 0 c. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 33 = 0
b. 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 + 40𝑦 − 91 = 0 d. 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 33 = 0
10. Determine the standard form of the equation of a circle whose center is at
(ℎ, 𝑘) and the radius is 𝑟 units.
a. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 c. (𝑥 + ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
b. (𝑥 + ℎ)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 d. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

For the next module, you are to study the following:

• The use of completing the square in getting the perfect square trinomial.
• The center-radius form of a circle given its general form.
• The properties of circle with geometric conditions.

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