BOT101: BOTANY (LAB)

POST-
LABORATORY
REPORT
Batch 2 Subgroup 1
Lacrete, Denzel
Lavador, France
Leonida, Trisha
Maban, Athena Dawn
Table of Contents
01 02 03
Introduction Procedure Results
Background information Steps of the Outcomes of the
about the activity. experiment. experiment.

04 05
Guide Questions Conclusion
The inquiry and its Summary of the
answers. laboratory activity.
 Introduction
04 Background information about the activity.
Introduction
The most recent laboratory exploration centered
on utilizing a compound microscope for microscopic analysis.
Participants meticulously followed a systematic procedure,
focusing on observing a letter cutout and a trichome cell.
Conversely, Activity 1 emphasized the comprehensive
documentation of observations through drawings and labels.
The subsequent post-laboratory presentation encompassed
inquiries into microscope components, laboratory apparatus,
and the outcomes and inquiries stemming from the recent
post-laboratory activity.
Laboratory Appartus
Explore the vital laboratory apparatus and their diverse uses in scientific investigation.

INSTRUMENT USE

Used as a platform to mount and observe specimens

under a microscope.

Glass slide

Placed over specimens on a glass slide to protect and

secure them during microscopic observation.

Cover slips
 INSTRUMENT USE

Precision gripping tool used for handling small objects or

specimens.

Forceps

Cylindrical container for holding, mixing, or heating small

quantities of liquids or solids.

Test Tube

Grasps and holds test tubes securely during heating or

transporting.

Test Tube Holder

INSTRUMENT USE

Shallow, circular dish with a lid, ideal for cultivating

microorganisms or conducting small-scale experiments.

Petri Dish

Allows controlled dispensing of small liquid volumes

during experiments or chemical procedures.

Dropper

Organizes and holds multiple test tubes upright for

convenient storage and handling.

Test Tube Rack

INSTRUMENT USE

Long, slender rod used for stirring and mixing substances

in beakers or other containers.

Stirring Rod

Multi-purpose container for holding, mixing, or heating

larger volumes of liquids.

Beaker

Placed on a support ring to evenly distribute heat when

using a Bunsen burner.

Wire Gauze
INSTRUMENT USE

Used for handling hot glassware or other items during

laboratory procedures.

Tongs

Precise liquid transfer tool with measurements for

accurate dispensing of fluids.

Pipette
INSTRUMENT USE

Device used to create a vacuum for suction or filtration

purposes in the laboratory.

Aspirator

Heated surface for controlled and even heating of

containers during experiments or reactions.

Hotplate
Microscope and Its Parts
 Parts of a Microscope
and their Functions
● Eyepiece (Ocular) - where you place your eye to
observe the magnified image. It typically provides a 10x
magnification and helps in visualizing the specimen.
● Nosepiece - Enables swift interchange of objective
lenses, facilitating seamless adjustments for varying
magnifications during specimen observation.
● Diopter Adjustment - Customizes focus on the
eyepiece for individual users, accommodating
differences in vision and ensuring a comfortable
viewing experience.
● Objective Lenses - responsible for magnifying the
specimen. Compound microscopes usually have
multiple objective lenses with different magnification
levels (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x).
● Stage Clip - Secures slides, providing stability
and precision during observation.

● Aperture - Part of the condenser, it controls

light beam diameter, influencing depth of field
and enhancing contrast.

● Diaphragm - Positioned under the condenser,

it regulates light for optimized illumination,
clarity, and contrast.

● Condenser - Concentrates light for a well-

illuminated and detailed specimen view.

● Illuminator - Microscope's light source,

ensuring consistent and adjustable illumination
for optimal conditions.
● Head - Houses optical components for
magnification, with an adjustable angle for
comfortable viewing.

● Arm - Provides structural support and

serves as a carrying handle for the
microscope.

● Mechanical Stage - Enables precise

positioning and controlled movement of the
specimen for detailed observation.

● Coarse Adjustment Knob - Facilitates

rapid, initial focusing of the specimen.

● Fine Adjustment Knob - Allows subtle

adjustments for achieving a clear and sharp
image.
● Stage Control - Secures and moves the
slide horizontally or vertically for precise
specimen positioning.

● Base - Provides stability and houses the

light source and electrical components.

● Brightness Adjustment - Controls the

intensity of light for optimal visibility and
contrast.

● Light Switch - Activates and deactivates the

microscope's light source.
Procedures
The steps of the experiment.
 Procedures
1. Get and place the microscope properly on
the working table.
2. Cut small letter e from a magazine or
newspaper. Place it at the center of a glass
slide. Drop a little amount of water then
cover carefully with a cover slip.
3. Observe carefully the position of the parts,
draw and label the parts accurately.
4. Adjust the mirror and iris diaphragm to
secure the desired amount of light.
5. Place the prepared slide of letter e on the
stage in its normal reading position.
6. Securely hold the slide by placing the stage
clips over the ends of the slide.
7. Manipulate the coarse adjustment
knob and the revolving nosepiece
to lower the objective and bring it
into focus.
8. Look through the eyepiece and
observe the result under LPO and
HPO.
9. Draw the resulting image of letter
e.
10. Describe the position and
appearance of the resulting image.
11. Mount a trichome cell from a
squash leaf on a slide.
12. Observe under LPO and HPO.
13. Take note and draw all results.
 Results
The outcomes of the experiment.
Letter “e” cut-out
Observation Notable Remarks

Showcases a textured paper with a dense network of

interwoven fibers, both thick and thin, creating a rough
feel. The fibers, mostly translucent, occasionally have dark
flecks. Despite being mostly colorless, there are subtle
tonal variations from pale yellow to almost white, possibly
due to uneven bleaching or natural pulp variations.
LPO
Batch 2
The paper's surface resembles a woven mat with densely
Group 4
packed fine fibers. Irregular clumps of dark, opaque ink
are scattered across, with jagged edges diffusing into the
paper fibers. Some areas have concentrated ink forming
darker patches, while others show thinly scattered ink,
revealing the paper beneath.
HPO
Leaf Trichome
Observation Notable Remarks

They are roughly circular in shape, with some having

stalks and others not. The heads of the trichomes are
covered in numerous hairs, which are likely individual
trichome cells. These hairs give the trichomes a fuzzy or
bumpy appearance.
LPO
Batch 2
Group 3
The zoomed-in leaf reveals its outer layer, parts invisible
to the human eye, such as the stomata, and a lower layer
of cells that are more loosely arranged with air spaces.

HPO
 Guide
Questions
The inquiry and its answers.
What regulates the amount of
light in the microscope? Why
do you need to regulate it?

The amount of light in a microscope is

regulated by an adjustable diaphragm or iris
control located beneath the stage.
Regulating light is essential to control the
illumination intensity, enhance contrast, and
optimize visibility of specimen details during
microscopy. Adjusting light levels helps avoid
overexposure or insufficient illumination,
ensuring better image quality and clarity.
 Batch 2 Group 3 – Letter E Cut Out
What happen to the position
of the letter e? Why?

When a letter "e" cutout is placed

under a microscope, the position of
the image will appear inverted
(upside down) and reversed (left to
right). This phenomenon is a result
of the way microscopes work,
where light is refracted through
lenses, causing the image to
undergo inversion and reversal in
orientation. 4x Objectives
Batch 2 Group 4 – Letter E Cut Out
10x Objectives
With which objective
did you see the whole
mount of the letter e?
The 4x objective is ideal for viewing the
entire mount of the letter "e" on a
microscope, offering lower
magnification and a wider field of view.
Alternatively, the 10x objective can also
be used, providing reasonable
magnification with a larger field of view
compared to higher magnification
objectives like 40x.
 Batch 2 Group 2 – Trichome
Can you see the whole
trichome under LPO? HPO?

To view the whole trichome, the 4x

objective (LPO) is suitable,
providing a wide field of view. High-
power objectives (HPO) like 40x are
used for finer details, while the 10x
objective can be a balanced choice
for moderate magnification and
field of view.

10x Objectives
Batch 2 Group 4 – Trichome

Are the trichomes cells

nuclei visible?

Trichome cells may be visible under low-

power magnification (LPO) like 4x or 10x, but
nuclei are challenging to observe. High-
power magnification (HPO), specifically with
a 40x objective, is more suitable for
observing both trichome cells and nuclei.

40x Objectives
Conclusion
 Conclusion
In conclusion, the recent laboratory exploration significantly
enhanced participants' microscopic analysis skills through systematic
procedures, encompassing observation and comprehensive documentation
in Activity 1. This facilitated a thorough understanding of microscope
components and their functions, with the post-laboratory presentation
further exploring inquiries related to the activity's outcomes. Additionally,
the exploration delved into laboratory apparatus and tools, emphasizing
their roles in ensuring effective experimentation.
 The exploration underscored the vital
roles of microscope components and
understanding their functions. The detailed
procedures effectively guided participants from
setup to accurate observations. Results revealed
the inverted position of the letter "e" under the
microscope, and trichome observation questions
clarified suitable objectives for optimal viewing.
Overall, this comprehensive exploration
provided participants with a nuanced
understanding of microscopy, laboratory tools,
and their practical applications in scientific
inquiry.
End.
Thank you.
Resources
● https://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/Centricity/Domain/6858/L
aboratory%20Equipment%20Functions.pdf

● https://www.labkafe.com/blog/20-common-school-science-laboratory-
equipment-and-their-uses

● https://www.phdnest.com/parts-of-microscope-microscope-labeled-
diagram/