Francesca Aurea E.

Magumun
February 5, 2024
BSN4-B EAST
AVENUE - 4 NORTH

DRUG STUDY

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic MECHANISM OF For the treatment of Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights in
Cefuroxime ACTION many different types of cefuroxime or any  Nausea administering the
bacterial infections other cephalosporins.  Rash medication.
Brand: It binds to specific penicillin  Dark Urine  Question for history of
Profurex binding proteins (PBPs)  Tiredness allergies, particularly
located inside the bacterial  Weakness cephalosporins,
Dosage: cell wall, it inhibits the third  Thrush penicillins.
750 mg and last stage of bacterial  Monitor for vital signs
cell wall synthesis. Cell Adverse Effects: and record.
Route: lysis is then mediated by  Loss of Voice  Assess oral cavity for
IV bacterial cell wall autolytic  Bacterial white patches on
enzymes such as autolysins; superinfection mucous membranes,
Frequency: it is possible that  Bleeding tongue (thrush).
Q8 cefuroxime interferes with  Anorexia  Obtain CBC, renal
an autolysis inhibition.  Decrease HCT function tests.
 Monitor daily pattern of
Classification: bowel activity, stool
Third-generation consistency.
cephalosporin b-lactam  Observe for any
antibiotic hypersensitivity
reaction.
  Encourage an increase in
oral fluid intake.
 Instruct to take the
medication religiously.
(to avoid potentials
wound infection)
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic MECHANISM OF Used to treat moderate - Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Tramadol ACTION: to opioids Medication
severe pain, such as - Severe asthma  Nausea administration
Brand: Tramadol is a synthetic pain from surgery, - Breathing problems  Vomiting  Assess the patient’s
Ambidol opioid analgesic that works injury, cancer or - Bowel obstruction  Constipation medical history,
by binding to mu-opioid chronic pain - Concomitant used  Dizziness allergies, and current
Dosage: receptors in the brain and with monoamine  Drowsiness medications
50 mg spinal cord, which results in oxidase inhibitor  Dry mouth  Monitor patient’s pain
decreased pain perception. It (MAOI) level and vital signs,
 Sweating
Route: also inhibits the reuptake Of especially respiratory
IV serotonin and rate and blood pressure
Adverse Effects:
norepinephrine, which may  High risk of  Monitor the patient for
Frequency: contribute to its analgesic signs of sedation,
dependence
effects. dizziness, or confusion,
Q8  Withdrawal
symptoms especially during the
Classification: Opioid Respiratory first few days of
Analgesic treatment or if the
 depression
dosage is increased.
 Monitor renal and
hepatic function.
 Inform the healthcare
provider if the patient is
experiencing difficulty
breathing or allergic
reaction such as skin
hives, rash, and pruritus
 DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Short term -Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Obtain 14 rights of
Tranexamic Acid MECHANISM OF management of tranexamic acid  Nausea medication
ACTION: hemorrhage -History of  Vomiting
Brand: thromboembolic  Assess patients medical
Involves inhibiting the events
 Headache
Tranexa history, including
breakdown of blood clots by -Color vision  Dizziness bleeding disorders,
blocking the activity of disturbances Adverse Effects: thromboembolic events,
Dosage: plasmin, an enzyme -Renal impairment  Leg Swelling allergies, renal function
1g responsible for clot  Vision
dissolution. By Inhibiting Change  Monitor vital signs. Any
Route: plasmin, tranexamic acid changes within the
 Deep Vein
IV helps to maintain blood clot normal limits that might
Thrombosis
stability indicate a need for
Frequency: adjustment in the
Every 8 hours Classification: treatment plan
Antifibrinolytic
 Use caution when
administering
tranexamic acid to
patients with renal
impairment, as dosage
adjustment might be
necessary due to its
renal excretion.

 Educate the patient

about the purpose,
dosage, potential side
effects, and importance
of adherence of
prescribed medication

 Accurate Documentation
 on every nursing action
that will be done

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Relief of smooth -Myasthenia gravies Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Buscopan MECHANISM OF muscle spasm of the -Megacolon Medication
ACTION: gastrointestinal and -Hypersensitivity to  Dry mouth administration
Brand: Blocks the action of genitourinary systems drug contents  Nausea  Assess history of
Hyoscine -N – acetylcholine in the smooth -Narrow angle  Decreased allergies.
butyl bromide muscles of the glaucoma sweating  Assess for eye pain,
gastrointestinal, biliary and -Tachycardia.  Flushing constipation and urinary
Dosage: urinary tracts, in secretory  Blurred vision hesitancy
10 mg glands and in the CNS, thus  Constipation  Encourage px to void
exhibiting spasmolytic  Monitor Bp for possible
 Dizziness
Route: actions on smooth muscles hypertension
IV and inhibiting secretions. It  Monitor for fluid and
Adverse Effects:
also blocks transmission of sodium imbalances
Frequency: cholinergic impulses from
 Constipation  Monitor for mood
the vestibular nuclei to the
 Dysuria changes
CNS, thus preventing
 Tachycardia  Administer at bed time
motion-induced nausea and
vomiting  Disorientation
 Hypertension
Classification:
ANTISPASMODIC

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic MECHANISM OF Pain and inflammation Bleeding disorders, Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Ketorolac ACTION: after complicated ocular  Headache Medication
Brand: Acular Inhibits miosis by inhibiting cataract surgery, surgery, Corneal  Blurred administration
the biosynthesis of ocular refractive surgery, denervation, Diabetes  Monitor the patient
Vision
prostaglandins; seasonal allergic mellitus, rheumatoid closely during
Dosage:  Burn
30 mg prostaglandins play a role in conjunctivitis arthritis, Dry eye Adverse Effects: administration for any
the miotic response syndrome,  Ocular pain signs of adverse
Route: Q8 produced during ocular  Hyperemia reactions.
surgery by constricting the  Keratitis  Monitor vital signs,
iris sphincter independently particularly blood
Frequency:
of cholinergic mechanisms pressure, and assess for
signs of gastrointestinal
Classification: bleeding or renal
Nonsteroidal anti- impairment.
inflammatory drug (NSAID  Encourage adequate
fluid intake to maintain
hydration

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Piperacillin MECHANISM OF penicillin’s; and  Nausea Medication
Tazobactam ACTION: carbapenem allergy;  Vomiting administration
Interferes with cell-wall Electrolyte  Diarrhea  Assess for stools, urine,
replication of susceptible imbalances  Dizziness sputum, wounds
Brand:
organisms; ta sulbactam is a  Insomnia  Assess for input and
Zosyn β-lactamase inhibitor output
that protects piperacillin Adverse Effects:  Assess for Respiratory
Dosage: from enzymatic degradation  Cardiac status: rate, character,
4.5 gms wheezing, tightness in
Toxicity
Classification: chest
 Pancreatitis
Route: Penicillin’s  Teach px That
 Oliguria
IV culture may be taken
after completed course
Frequency: of medication
Q6  Watch for signs of
superinfection, such as
new or worsening
 symptoms.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Indicated to persons Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Paracetamol MECHANISM OF with mild to moderate paracetamol  Swelling Medication
ACTION: pain  Flushing administration
Brand:  Constipation  Obtain baseline data of
Tamin Paracetamol is a para-  Drowsiness temperature.
aminophenol derivative that  Dry mouth,  Check if the patient has
Dosage: exhibits analgesic and nose, or throat any hypersensitivity
500 mg antipyretic actions and weak reaction to paracetamol.
anti-inflammatory activity. Adverse  Administer the
Route: The mechanism of its medication by slow IV
IV analgesic effect has not been  Hepatoxicity push.
fully determined but may be  Evaluate the
Frequency: associated with the effectiveness of the
Q6 inhibition of prostaglandin treatment by obtaining
synthesis in the CNS and to the temperature.
a lesser extent, through
peripheral blockage of pain-
impulse generation. It
produces antipyresis by
inhibiting the hypothalamic
heat-regulating center

Classification:
Analgesics (non-opioid) &
Antipyretics
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic MECHANISM OF Intestinal amebiasis, , Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Metronidazole ACTION: trichomoniasis, Metronidazole and  Nausea Medication
bacterial anaerobic other nitroimidazoles  Vomiting administration
Brand: Direct-acting amebicide/ infections, respiratory  Dry mouth  Obtain specimens for
Flagyl trichomonacide binds and tract infections;  Headache diagnostictests, cultures
disrupts DNA structure,  Dizziness before giving first dose
Dosage: thereby inhibiting bacterial  Monitor daily pattern of
500 MG nucleic acid synthesis Adverse Effects: bowel activity, stool
 Anorexia. consistency. -
Route: Classification:  Hepatitis  Monitor I&O, assess for
IV ‘Nitroimidazole  Can cause urinary problems
Antimicrobials disulram  Advised patient that
Frequency: reactions after urine may be red-brown
Every 8 hours alcohol. or dark
 Report severe GI
upset, dizziness, unusual
fatigue or weakness,
fever, chills.
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic - Anaerobic infections; - Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Clindamycin MECHANISM OF Disease due to Gram- lincomycin, tartrazine  Abdominal Medication
ACTION: positive bacteria. dye Pain administration
Brand: Inhibits protein synthesis in -Topical/Cutaneous - Ulcerative  Nausea  Obtain baseline WBC.
Susceptible bacteria at level -Acne vulgaris colitis/enteritis  Dry Skin  Question pt for history
Cleocin
of 50S Ribosome, thereby Bacterial vaginosis  Dizziness of allergy
inhibiting peptide bond  Give first dose rapidly,
Dosage: formation and causing cell Adverse Effects: then follow with
600 mg death  Phlebitis  continuous infusion
 Burning  Monitor daily pattern of
Route: Classification:
 Allergic bowel activity, stool
IV Lincosamide Antibiotics consistency.
Reaction
 Colitis  Report diarrhea
Frequency: promptly due to
Every 8 hours potential for serious
colitis
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic - Nephrotic Syndrome -Allergic reactions to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Human Albumin MECHANISM OF - Edema albumin  Dizziness Medication
ACTION: - End Stage Liver - Severe Anemia  Fast heartbeat administration
Brand: Exogenously administered Disease - Increased  Cough  Monitor vital signs,
Albumex albumin increases the Intravascular volume CVP, and intake and
oncotic pressure of the Adverse Effects: output
Dosage: intravascular system,  Blurred vision  Assess for signs of
IV moving fluids from the  Chest vascular overload
interstitial space, thereby discomfort  Assess for increased
decreasing edema and  Chest Pai bleeding
increasing the circulating  Monitor serum sodium
blood volume. levels.
Classification:
Protein-based Therapy
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Anticoagulant-Induced Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Vitamin K MECHANISM OF Prothrombin  Pain Medication
ACTION: Deficiency in Adults  Swelling administration
Brand: Hypoprothrombinemia  Monitor for any
Due to Other Causes in
 Temporary
Phytonadione bleeding
Classification: Adult flushing
 Monitor for side effects:
Hemostatics  Dizziness  Apply pressure to the
injection site to prevent
Adverse Effects: further bleeding.
 Taste changes  Provide comfort during
 Shortness of and after administration
breath
 Bluish lips

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

 ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic MECHANISM OF Used to treat Systemic Infection Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Dexamethasone ACTION: inflammation of the  Headache Medication
Decreases inflammation by skin, joints, lungs, and  Hypertension administration
Brand: suppression of migration of other organs.  Monitor blood pressure
polymorphonuclear
 Acne
Sodium 2-3 times daily.
leukocytes, fibroblasts,  Poor Wound
Phosphate  Assess muscle strength
reversal of increased Healing periodically to
capillary permeability and  Dizziness determine degree of
Route: lysosomal stabilization, Adverse Effects: muscle wasting during
IV suppresses normal immune  Hypokalemia long-term use.
response, no  Fractures  Observe gastric aspirates
mineralocorticoid effect and stools for bleeding.
 Cataracts
 Observe closely for
Classification: signs of infection
Corticosteroids  Advise the patient to
report any adverse
effects.
 Be alert for signs of low
potassium levels
(hypokalemia)

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Prophylaxis to Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Cefoxitin MECHANISM OF Surgical Infection cefoxitin and other  Diarrhea Medication
ACTION: cephalosporins  Dark Urine administration
Brand: Cefoxitin inhibits bacterial  Assess for any infection
cell wall synthesis by
 Headache
Cefovex  Obtain specimen for
binding to 1 or more oft he  Confusion
culture and sensitivity
penicillin-binding proteins Adverse Effects:  Monitor px for bowel
Route: (PBPs) which in turn inhibit  Decreased function
Q6 the final transpeptidation urine output  Advise px to report any
Frequency: step of peptidoglycan  Bleeding
IV synthesis in bacterial cell  Changes in signs of infections
walls, thus inhibiting cell Skin Color
wall biosynthesis and  Seizure
arresting cell wall assembly
resulting in bacterial cell
death

Classification:
Cephalosporin Antibiotics
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Adjunctive therapy for Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Levetiracetam MECHANISM OF partial onset seizures, drug and its  Diziness Medication
ACTION: primary generalized component  Abdominal administration
Brand: Unknown; may inhibit tonic-clonic seizures,  Assess for seizure
Pain
nerve myoclonic seizures  Implement fall-
Elepsia, Keppra,  Mood
impulses by limiting influx in juvenile patients prevention strategies.
Matever, of sodium ions Behaviour
Roweepra,  Advise patient to avoid
across cell membrane in alcohol and other CNS
Spritam motor cortex Adverse Effects: depressants
 Seizures  Advise patient about the
Dosage: Classification:  Renal risk of daytime
500mg Anticonvulsant Problems drowsiness and
 Rash decreased attention and
Route: mental focus.
 Infections
Q8  Assess any
incoordination to rule ou
Frequency: neuromusculoskeletal
IV pathology.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic LASIX is indicated in -Hypoalbuminemia Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Furosemide MECHANISM OF adults and pediatric comorbid illnesses. Dry mouth. Medication
 ACTION: patients for the - Patients with  Headaches. administration
Brand: Lasix It mainly works by treatment of edema underlying severe  Feeling  Assess fluid status.
inhibiting electrolyte associated with renal impairment confused or  Monitor daily weight,
Dosage: 20 mg reabsorption from the congestive heart dizzy. intake and output ratios,
kidneys and enhancing the failure, cirrhosis of the  Dry Mouth amount and location of
Route: IV excretion of water from the liver, and renal disease, edema, lung sounds,
body. Furosemide has a fast including nephrotic Adverse Effects: skin turgor, and mucous
Frequency: Q12 onset and short duration of syndrome.  Feeling Thirsty membranes.
action and has been used  Monitor BP and pulse
safely and effectively in before and during
both pediatric and adult administration.
patients  Monitor frequency of
prescription refills to
Classification: determine compliance in
Loop Diuretics patients treated for
hypertension
 Notify health care
professionals if thirst,
dry mouth occurs.
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION / ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
CLASSIFICATION
Generic -Infection -Hypersensitivity to Side Effects:  Observe the 14 rights of
Ciprofloxacin MECHANISM OF -UTI Ciprofloxacin  Headache Medication
ACTION: - Severe or -Kidney Problems  Feeling sick administration
Brand: Ciprobay Ciprofloxacin, a complicated UTI (nausea)  Monitor Vital signs
fluoroquinolone anti-  Vomiting  Instruct patient to drink
Dosage: infective agent, acts by  Diarrhea. plenty of fluids while
400 mg inhibiting DNA gyrase and  Bad taste in the you are using this
topoisomerase IV, both mouth. medicine unless
Route: IV essential in bacterial DNA Adverse Effects: contraindicated
replication, transcription,  Rash  Steroids may be used
Frequency: repair and recombination as adjunctive therapy
 Redness or
every 12 hours  for dark urine, clay-
discomfort in
Classification: colored stools, stomach
the eye.
Quinolone antibiotics pain, or yellow eyes or
 White specks skin.